Linear versus seasonal growth of dairy heifers decreased age at puberty but did not affect first lactation milk production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rhiannon C. Handcock ◽  
Catriona M. C. Jenkinson ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
Lorna R. McNaughton ◽  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Age At Puberty

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

To determine the relationships between age, weight and size in Holstein heifers between 100 and 300 kg liveweight

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
H.J. Biggadike ◽  
C.A. Collins ◽  
S.B. Drew ◽  
P.N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Dairy Heifers

It is common practice to rear dairy heifers to calve at 24 months of age and expect first lactation milk yields of up to 10,000 litres. This requires growth rates of at least 0.7kg/d during rearing. Research has indicated that high growth rates in the prepubertal period can have a deleterious effect on mammogenisis (Capuco et al 1995), and a significant reduction in potential milk production (Sejrsen et al 1996) due to impaired mammary development. However, not all studies have found such effects (Sejrsen et al 1996). As a consequence, strategies of rearing are being studied to identify the optimum pattern of growth around puberty to achieve high milk yields. Skeletal measurements have also been demonstrated to be related to first lactation yields (Hoffman 1996). This study investigated the consequences of differing growth rates between 100 and 300kg liveweight on the size and relative dimensions of Holstein heifers.

The effects of plane of nutrition and diet type on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production in high genetic merit dairy heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
A.F. Carson ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.E. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Diet Type

To develop appropriate rearing regimes for high genetic merit dairy heifers, information is required on the effect of growth rates and diet type within the various stages of die animal’s life on performance. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effects of plane of nutrition and diet type during the pre-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels and (2) the effects of plane of nutrition during die post-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production.

Effect of plane of nutrition between 6 and 16 months of age on body composition, plasma hormone concentrations and first-lactation milk production in Holstein heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stelwagen ◽  
D. G. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Production Group ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Gland Development

In a completely randomized design, 47 dairy heifers (6–8 mo of age) were assigned to a low (L), medium (M) or high (H) plane of nutrition to determine its effect on body composition (Slaughter Group, n = 23), subsequent first lactation (260 d) milk production (Production Group, n = 24) and blood somatotropin and insulin concentrations (n = 12 from each Slaughter and Production group). Actual daily gains between 6 and 16 mo of age were 611 g (L), 737 g (M) and 903 g (H). The proportion of carcass fat in heifers sacrificed at 16 mo increased while the proportion of lean and bone tissue decreased with increasing plane of nutrition. Concentrations of somatotropin measured at 9 and 14 mo of age decreased but insulin did not differ (9 mo) or tended (P < 0.10) to increase (14 mo) with increasing feeding level. Insulin concentrations at 9 and 14 mo of age were correlated positively with mammary crude protein and dry fat-free tissue at slaughter (9 mo, P < 0.05; 14 mo, P < 0.07), implying that insulin may play a role in mammogenesis in vivo. Plane of nutrition during the rearing period did not significantly affect production and composition of milk in the first lactation. It is speculated that this may be due to the fact that the heifers weighed approximately 200 kg at the start of the experiment, because recent research has demonstrated that the critical weight range during which mammary gland development is affected by plane of nutrition is between 90 and 200 kg. Key words: Heifer, somatotropin, insulin, lactation, plane of nutrition, body composition

Relationships of milk culture status at calving with somatic cell counts and milk production of dairy heifers during early lactation on a Californian dairy

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kirk ◽  
Jim C. Wright ◽  
Steven L. Berry ◽  
James P. Reynolds ◽  
John P. Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Cell Counts

Effect of prepartum somatotropin injection in late pregnant Holstein heifers with high body condition score on metabolic parameters, resumption of ovulation and milk production

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Andres Velasco Acosta ◽  
Luiz Francisco Machado Pfeifer ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Pedro Augusto Silva Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
High Body ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum Period

Acosta, D. A. V., Pfeifer, L. F. M., Schmitt, E., Schneider, A., Silveira, P. A. S., Jacometo, C. B., Brauner, C. C., Rabassa, V. R., Corrêa, M. N. and Del Pino, F. A. B. 2013. Effect of prepartum somatotropin injection in late pregnant Holstein heifers with high body condition score on metabolic parameters, resumption of ovulation and milk production. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 287–292. In the early post-partum period of dairy cows the duration and intensity of negative energy balance, the level of body condition score (BCS) loss and the milk yield are strongly associated with the timing of the first ovulation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-partum injections of somatotropin in dairy heifers with high BCS on the metabolism, resumption of ovarian activity and milk production. Holstein heifers (n=20) with high BCS, were divided randomly into two groups: somatotropin (n=10), which received two doses of somatotropin (500 mg) at −28 and −14 d from calving and Control (n=10), which received placebo. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Follicular development was also monitored via ultrasound. Somatotropin had no effect on plasma NEFA (P=0.35 and P=0.46) or BHBA (P=0.20 and P=0.44,) concentrations in the pre-partum and post-partum period, respectively. Milk production was not different between control (17.53±0.66 kg cow−1 d−1) and somatotropin groups (16.13±0.67 kg cow−1 d−1) (P=0.14). Pre-partum somatotropin administration did not affect (P=0.28) the time of the first post-partum ovulation. The proportion of cows ovulating the first post-partum follicular wave was not different between groups (P=0.49). In conclusion, pre-partum somatotropin treatment in dairy heifers with high body condition score seems not to have any effect on markers of energy balance, milk production or development of the first follicular wave in the early post-partum period.

Increased yearling weight as a proportion of 21-month weight was associated with increased milk production in dairy heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-282
Author(s):  
RC Handcock ◽  
N Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
LR McNaughton ◽  
PJ Back ◽  
GR Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Heifers
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