Do Green Belts Change the Shape of Urban Areas? A Preliminary Analysis of the Settlement Geography of South East England

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Longley ◽  
Michael Batty ◽  
John Shepherd ◽  
Graham Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Settlement Geography ◽  
South East England ◽  
Green Belts

The Use of Trend-Surface Parameters in Inter-Urban Comparisons

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Haggett ◽  
K.A. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Trend Surface ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Orthogonal Grid

The general problem of comparing isarithmic maps of different urban areas is examined. Proposed solutions by Merriam and Sneath (1966) and Haggett (1967) are revised in the light of the indicated instability of coefficients under shifts in the grid systems for such maps. A number of stable classifications of city structures can be built up which are invariant under orthogonal grid rotations but most of these break down under non-orthogonal rotations. Variances accounted for by successive terms (linear, quadratic, cubic) appeared stable and are recommended for preliminary analysis. The fundamental problems of pattern analysis remain unresolved by trend-surface coefficients. The argument in the paper is largely empirical and is illustrated from simulated urban patterns and by fifteen sample metropolitan areas from the United States.

scholarly journals Forests as the key component of green belts surrounding urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepańska ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Green Belts

The development of Polish cities leads to the urbanization of the surrounding rural areas. This process induces changes in the land-use structure, which is manifested by the expansion of urbanized and developed areas at the expense of open areas. The National Urban Development Plan until 2030 has introduced the concept of obligatory green belts around metropolitan and regional hubs to prevent uncontrolled suburbanization and to promote rational urban development. Green belts are protective areas that serve numerous functions, increase the quality of life and promote the ecological cohesion of space. Green belts limit urban sprawl and maintain urban open spaces that are accessible to city residents for recreational purposes. They also contribute to the local climate and act as sanitary cordons. The main components of green belts are green spaces, river valleys and forests. Therefore, the size as well as the distribution of forests around urban centers are important considerations. This study analyzes the distribution and spatial continuity of forests and the spatial relationships (spatial autocorrelations) between the forests situated in the rural suburbia of Olsztyn in north-eastern Poland. Suburban municipalities were analyzed at the level of cadastral districts (villages). The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the spatial continuity of forests by grouping similar objects and identifying areas which could be included in green belts. The location quotient (LQ) and Gini’s coefficient were taken into account in the analysis of the spatial distribution of forests. Local Moran’s statistics were calculated and spatial clusters were identified to illustrate the diversity of the examined suburban space based on the similarity of the neighboring objects (cadastral districts) and to determine the statistical significance of these relationships. The results of the study reveal spatial irregularities and disproportions in the distribution of forests in the suburban zone of Olsztyn as well as the presence of local instabilities and discontinuities. The applied methods are a useful tool for evaluating, planning and optimizing the spatial distribution of forests around large urban centers. Spatial management solutions in the suburban zone should aim to eliminate spatial discontinuities and improve the quality of life of the local communities.

scholarly journals Simulation of Urban Growth and Urban Living Environment with Release of the Green Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongwoo Jeon ◽  
Hyunjung Hong ◽  
Sungdae Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Green Belts

Green belts in developing or developed countries have been released because city-center development has reached a saturation point, and the strict protections and restrictions within green belts has led to an increase in opposition from local residents and property owners. However, green belt release has led to urban growth within the associated regions and cities, resulting in an increase in the temperature and the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere. We intend to prove quantitatively the effect of the release of green belts at the local level based on the interactions among land cover, climate, and air quality and to provide information for policy decisions accordingly. Our simulation results show that the urban areas of Jeju and Chuncheon, in South Korea, where green belts have been completely released, will increase by up to 21.83% by 2025 and 123.93% by 2020, respectively, compared to areas that have retained green belts. The simulations also show that the surface temperature within the released region of Jeju and Chuncheon will increase by up to 0.83% by 2025 and 0.03% by 2020, respectively. The average atmospheric concentrations within the released region of Jeju and Chuncheon were modelled to increase by up to 256.93% by 2025 and 337.29% by 2020, respectively.

Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-153
Author(s):  
Mihai Răzvan Niţă ◽  
Mihăiţă Iulian Niculae ◽  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Maria Pătroescu ◽  
Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Green Belts

As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Since the urban development is favoured by the amount and diversity of the natural resources (land, mineral resources, green areas, aquatic surfaces) available in the area of influence of the cities and its negative externalities aren't limited inside the urban limits the conservation of those resources became an important issue in the scientific circles. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques and remote sensing, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions in order to promote a sustainable development of urban areas. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, the suitability and general availability of data.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in the Urban Policies of European Cities in the Age of the Sustainable City

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The City ◽  
Green Belts

The emergence of the modern concept of the sustainable city raises afresh the longstanding issue of the place and role of vegetation in urban and peri-urban areas in Europe. The awareness of biodiversity and the exploration of the services provided by ecosystems both lead to the development of ecological networks based on green spaces in and around the city. The establishment of these networks converges with the control of urban growth and urban sprawl, with the ‘green belts’. Drawing on the development of public policy governing the place of vegetation in Berlin, London and Paris, this article seeks to show the correspondences that have developed in the discussions of urban policy carried on in the major industrialized countries, and also the conflicting goals which these policies are meant to implement.

Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities

2015 ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Mihai Răzvan Niţă ◽  
Mihăiţă Iulian Niculae ◽  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Maria Pătroescu ◽  
Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Green Belts

As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Since the urban development is favoured by the amount and diversity of the natural resources (land, mineral resources, green areas, aquatic surfaces) available in the area of influence of the cities and its negative externalities aren't limited inside the urban limits the conservation of those resources became an important issue in the scientific circles. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques and remote sensing, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions in order to promote a sustainable development of urban areas. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, the suitability and general availability of data.

Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 671-694
Author(s):  
Mihai Răzvan Niţă ◽  
Mihăiţă Iulian Niculae ◽  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Maria Pătroescu ◽  
Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Green Belts

As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Since the urban development is favoured by the amount and diversity of the natural resources (land, mineral resources, green areas, aquatic surfaces) available in the area of influence of the cities and its negative externalities aren't limited inside the urban limits the conservation of those resources became an important issue in the scientific circles. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques and remote sensing, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions in order to promote a sustainable development of urban areas. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, the suitability and general availability of data.

Technical and Economic Viability of Automated Highway Systems: Preliminary Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 1588 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. del Castillo ◽  
David J. Lovell ◽  
Carlos F. Daganzo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Automated Highway Systems ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Automated Highway ◽  
And Storage

Technical and economic investigations of automated highway systems (AHS) are addressed. It has generally been accepted that such systems show potential to alleviate urban traffic congestion, so most of the AHS research has been focused instead on technical design and implementation issues. It is demonstrated that, despite making a number of assumptions that are favorable to AHS, the actual viable implementation opportunities for AHS are scarce, and that most existing congested urban areas can be disqualified on the basis of at least one criterion developed herein. Technical investigations are described, including realistic estimates of AHS capacity, interfacing with the local street system, and storage issues. Discussion then turns to identifying criteria to help establish the types of urban areas that might be likely candidates for AHS technology. These criteria relate to the nature of the surrounding infrastructure and the traffic demands placed on it, as well as the economic realities of AHS implementation. Certain “boutique” locations where AHS might be beneficial are identified, but it is uncertain whether enough benefit could be realized to make AHS palatable to the general public. AHS technology is not dismissed, but the simple analyses contained herein should warn that much more research into these areas is required before fully informed decision making about the future of AHS technologies can be accomplished.

scholarly journals Suicide during the Covid-19 pandemic, a preliminary analysis in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Karla Villarreal-Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The Government

Due to the increase in suicide cases during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic reported in digital media such as social networks and newspapers, the present study aims to preliminarily identify the frequency of suicide cases during the pandemic of Covid-19 in the period January-December 2020 in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. We analyze the official suicide figures registered in the Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas and the official epidemiological data available on the Government of Mexico Website. We found that in the study period, suicide deaths in the state have exceeded the total of suicide deaths in 2019; In addition, the frequency of cases was higher in men than in women, we identified two increases in the frequencies of suicides in the state: one month after entering a health contingency and during the highest record of infections by Covid-19. We conclude that it is urgent to guarantee the mental health of people, especially in urban areas, derived from the increase in suicide cases registered in cities.

scholarly journals Estimates of the Ambient Population: Assessing the Utility of Conventional and Novel Data Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Annabel Whipp ◽  
Nicolas Malleson ◽  
Jonathan Ward ◽  
Alison Heppenstall
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Ambient Population

This paper will critically assess the utility of conventional and novel data sources for building fine-scale spatio-temporal estimates of the ambient population. It begins with a review of data sources employed in existing studies of the ambient population, followed by preliminary analysis to further explore the utility of each dataset. The identification and critiquing of data sources which may be useful for building estimates of the ambient population are novel contributions to the literature. This paper will provide a framework of reference for researchers within urban analytics and other areas where an accurate measurement of the ambient population is required. This work has implications for national and international applications where accurate small area estimates of the ambient population are crucial in the planning and management of urban areas, the development of realistic models and informing policy. This research highlights workday population estimates, in conjunction with footfall camera and Wi-Fi sensors data as potentially valuable for building estimates of the ambient population.

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