The Communist Ideological Legacy and Serb–Albanian Relations in Kosovo

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Gordana Božić
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Life ◽  
World War ◽  
National Question ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

In the course of trying to establish functional and harmonious relations among Yugoslav nations, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (hereafter the Communist Party) asked two key questions: (1) did the common interests that united Yugoslav nations and nationalities after the Second World War change over time? And (2) was nationalism a manifestation of the failure to resolve the national question? The Communist Party answered “no” to both questions. We may deepen our understanding of why multinational socialist Yugoslavia resisted disintegration for almost 50 years, if we get a better grasp of the Communist Party's responses and arguments to these questions. Equally important, since the Kosovo question is, so to speak, an unresolved legacy of the socialist (communist) system, reviewing the arguments that dominated the political life of socialist Yugoslavia may also give us some insights into future developments in Kosovo. By putting the above-mentioned questions into the Kosovo context, the article does not, however, attempt to offer the “right” answer to them. Rather, the purpose of this article is to provide some important background considerations about challenges, such as decentralization, that multinational Yugoslavia faced and to explore lessons learned from the past.

scholarly journals Od jugoslovanstva do jugoslovanstva: Komunistična partija Jugoslavije in njen odnos do nacionalnega vprašanja v prvih desetletjih obstoja

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 597-622
Author(s):  
Tomaž Ivešić
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
National Question ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Second World

Communist Party of Yugoslavia was an all-Yugoslav political party. In the year 1922/23 the debate between the Left and Right current of the Party on their stand toward the national started. Because of the changed domestic and international political position, the CPY gradually changed their stand toward the Yugoslav state and the national question until the mid-1920s. The Author argues, that in the mentioned period the CPY, as well as other European Communist parties, started using and misusing national symbols and speaking the "language of the nation". With the outbreak of the Second World War the Croatian and Slovenian communists gave an emphasis to the national question over the socialist promises in the early stages of the war. Only when, in years 1942/43, the constellation of international events in year 1942/43 made it clear that the Allies will allow only the renovation of Yugoslavia, the CPY again started to actively promote Yugoslavism.

Brazilian historiography on the participation of the USSR in the Second World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Boris Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
International Authority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the evolution of views of the Brazilian authors on the role, played by the Soviet Union in the WWII and its contribution to the victory of the anti-Hitlerian coalition. It contains a historiographical review of the works, written by the Brazilian authors on the theme, beginning from 2004. One follows the process of their growing interest towards clarifying the real contribution of the Soviet part to the common victory, along with the rise of the international authority of Brazil and strengthening of the Russo – Brazilian ties. One reveals the modern attitude of Brazilian authors towards such dubious or scarcely known themes as the Molotov – Ribbentrop pact, the battles for Smolensk and Rhzev, town–bound fights in Stalingrad, liberation of the Baltic republics, the Soviet war with Japan, etc. The author comes to conclusion, that in spite of the Western efforts to infuse the people`s conscience with the elements of the “post – truth” in this respect, the correct treatment of those events acquires priority even in such a far off from Russia state, as Brazil.

scholarly journals Creating a communist Yugoslavia in the Second World War

Balcanica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 243-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosta Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Dobrivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World

The Second World War involved the conflict of three different ideologies - democracy, fascism and communism - an aspect in which it was different from the Great War. This ideological triangle led to various shifts in the positions, views, and alliances of each of the warring parties. Yugoslavia with its historical legacy could not avoid being torn by similar ideological conflicts. During the Second World War a brutal and exceptionally complex war was fought on its soil. The most important question studied in this paper concerns the foremost objective of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) - to carry out a violent change of the legal order and form of government of the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals Ética y nihilismo. A propósito de "On Contemporary Nihilism" de Aron Gurwitsch

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús M. Díaz Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Common Base ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aron Gurwitsch ◽  
Second World

RESUMENEl presente artículo es una exposición reflexiva del texto de Aron Gurwitsch "On Contemporary Nihilism". Escrito en plena conflagración mundial, su intención última es mostrar que el nihilismo, en tanto que fenómeno que define la situación de occidente desde el declive de las ideas racionalistas, es el sustrato común, la base de la que van a emerger, por un lado, el "nihilismo epistemológico", que afecta a los diferentes saberes (teóricos y prácticos), y, por el otro, el terrible hecho del totalitarismo. Frente a esta situación, Gurwitsch defenderá que la única manera de salir del nihilismo y recuperar la cordura y la dignidad del ser humano es volviendo a reactivar, en el sentido husserliano, el ideal racionalista, el famoso dar y recibir razones con el que un día nació la filosofía en Grecia.PALABRAS CLAVENIHILISMO-TOTALITARSMO-RACIONALIDAD-ABSOLUTOABTRACTThis article is an expostion and a reflection on Aron Gurwitsch´s "On Contemporary Nihilism". He worte this text during the Second World War and his ultimate intention was to show that nihilism, as the fact which defined the situation of the West since the decline of the rationalistic ideas, was the common base from which two phenomena arose. The first of them is the "epistemological nihilism", which affects our theoretical and practical disciplines. The second one is the terrible fact of totalitarianism. Taking this situation into account, Gurwitsch will maintain that the only way to overcome hilism and to recover the dignity of the human being is through the re-activation, in the husserlian sense, of the rationalist ideal, the famous "lógon diadónai" with which a long time ago philosophy was born in Greece.KEYWORDSNIHILISM-TOTALITARISM-RATIONALITY-ABSOLUTE

Chile, Spain and Latin America: The Right of Asylum at the Onset of the Second World War

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Grugel ◽  
Monica Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
World War ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nationalist Government ◽  
Second World

In December 1938 an alliance of the Radical, Communist and Socialist parties took office in Chile, the first Popular Front to come to power in Latin America. A few months later, in Spain, the Nationalist forces under Generalísimo Franco occupied Madrid, bringing an end to the civil war. Shortly after, a serious diplomatic conflict developed between Spain and Chile, in which most of Latin America gradually became embroiled. It concerned the fate of 17 Spanish republicans who had sought asylum in the Chilean embassy in the last days of the seige of Madrid, and culminated in July 1940 when the Nationalist government broke off relations with Chile. Initially, the issue at the heart of the episode was the right to political asylum and the established practice of Latin American diplomatic legations of offering protection to individuals seeking asylum (asilados). The causes of the conflict, however, became increasingly obscured as time went on. The principles at stake became confused by mutual Spanish– Chilean distrust, the Nationalists' ideological crusade both within Spain and outside and the Chilean government's deep hostility to the Franco regime, which it saw as a manifestation of fascism. The ideological gulf widened with the onset of the Second World War. This article concentrates primarily, although not exclusively, on the first part of the dispute, April 1939–January 1940. In this period asylum, which is our main interest, was uppermost in Spanish–Chilean diplomatic correspondence.

scholarly journals Remembering who owns the river

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (22_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Gerard Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Global North ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

We have discovered the elixir of life. For the first time in human existence we now know how we can avoid disease, make our lives healthier and more fulfilled, and even fend off the grim reaper himself (at least for a while). We may not have joined the immortals – many traps and snares continue to prey on us – but we are beginning to learn some of their secrets. Why then are we failing to grasp these heady opportunities? WHO data show that nine out of ten of we Europeans are dying of lifestyle diseases; that is diseases caused by our own choices – self-inflicted diseases. Despite the all too familiar consequences for our bodies, we continue to smoke the tobacco, swallow the junk food and binge on the alcohol that is killing us. Yes, there are systemic drivers at work – commercial marketing, corporate power, inequalities, addiction – but we don’t have to collaborate. No one holds a gun to our heads and commands us to eat burgers or get drunk and incapable. This paper argues that public health progress – and human progress more widely – depends on us solving the conundrum of this self-inflicted harm. The urgency of this task increases when we consider our irresponsible consumption behaviour more widely, and that it is not just harming our own health but everyone else’s too. Most egregiously anthropomorphic climate change is being caused by the free choices we in the wealthy global north make to drive SUVs, go on intercontinental holidays and accumulate a foolish excess of stuff. It need not be so. Historical experience and two millennia of thinking show we are capable of better. We have moral agency and we can make the right choice even when it is the difficult one. Indeed, it is this capacity and desire ‘ to follow after wisdom and virtue’, to rebel against injustice and malignancy, that makes us human and cements our collective identity. In the last century this realisation was focused by the terrible events of the Second World War and resulted in the formation of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Importantly these rights do not just protect us from oppression but enshrine in international law our entitlement to be an active participant in the process of progressive social change.

A (Non)Existing Language – Serbo-Croatian after WWII

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Pavel Krejčí ◽  
Elena Krejčová ◽  
Nadezhda Stalyanova
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Common Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War, Serbo-Croatian was formally declared on the basis of the so-called Novi Sad Agreement (1954). Its demise is connected to the demise of the Yu-goslav Federation (1992). The sociological, historical, political and ideological rea-sons of the rejection of this glossonym (and with it the rejection of the common lan-guage) were clearly the decisive factor, but they were not always the same. The Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks and Montenegrins had specific reasons for this. These reasons can be revealed, inter alia, by analyzing a number of declarative, proclaiming, explanatory, defending, shorter or longer texts on the language generated by all the above-mentioned national communities which used Serbo-Croatian as their first (mother) tongue after 1990. The most recent Declaration on the Common Language (2017) is unique in this sense.

Visualizing second world war violence through an Atlas of Nazi–Fascist Repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pietro Vitali
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Italian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World ◽  
Italian Territory ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract In Italy’s complex political past, the memory of resistance against nationalism has always been at the centre of political clashes between the right and the left. Considering that the memory of the Second World War (WWII) is still alive in Italian society, an analysis of the violence perpetrated by the Fascists and Nazis on Italian territory in this period is a way to discuss the historical responsibilities of both. This article aims to oppose this instrumental use of history. The aim of this work is to show how violence was exerted against Italian civilians during WWII through a spatial and statistical inquiry. I created an Atlas of Nazi–Fascist Repression combining three different databases into a unique dataset.

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