scholarly journals Between “ethnocide” and “genocide”: violence and Otherness in the coverage of the Afghanistan and Chechnya wars

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Casula
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Coverage

The Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and the two Russian wars in Chechnya were the longest, most protracted conflicts of the USSR and Russia after WWII. Both were conducted under conditions of unprecedented violence in peripheral territories. Despite their distance in time and space, both wars are closely linked to each other on the level of cultural representations in contemporary Russia. This paper analyses how the conflicts were represented in a key Soviet and Russian newspaper as the wars unfolded. It analyses the textual and visual coverage of the wars in theKrasnaia zvezda(1980–1986; 2000–2003), in order to disclose changing interpretations of violence and the Other. The paper argues, first, thatKrasnaia zvezdatold the story of two different types of violence prevailing in each conflict. The Afghan case was presented as one that put the social and cultural transformation of the population at the center of its attention – violence was hence not only physical and excessive but also cultural, as it aimed at the social fabric of society. The Chechen case focused on the recapture of territory and the restoration of sovereignty. Therefore, physical violence appeared more bluntly in the coverage of the conflict. Second, the paper shows that these two different types of violence implied two different visions of the Other. In Afghanistan, the Other was represented as becoming more and more similar to the socialist Self. This dynamic is visually underscored by numerous images of Afghans who have embarked on the path to Soviet modernity. In Chechnya, in contrast, the Other was presented as traditional, backward, and immutable. The Other was usually reduced to complete cultural difference and depicted a dehumanized fashion. This orientalization of the Other was a precondition for the use of excessive physical violence.

Empires and the Politics of Difference

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-415
Author(s):  
Jane Burbank ◽  
Frederick Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Politics Of Difference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Homogeneous Composition

Empires governed different people differently. At one pole of empires’ repertoires of rule were the Mongols, who treated cultural difference as an ordinary fact, and possibly a useful one. At the other pole were Roman-style empires that insisted on the superiority of their civilization. Empires combined strategies and shifted among them. A polity could move through an imperial phase to more homogeneous composition, but empire-building was also a temptation for relatively uniform polities. Differential incorporation into the social fabric of empire or radical exclusion of certain categories from acceptance and political participation were variants on the politics of difference. This chapter explores issues of race, religion, differential rights, gender, ethnicity, and class as they played out across the vast spaces shaped by empires. Opponents of imperial rulers, coming from different social categories, also acted within and across imperial spaces.

scholarly journals AT DRIKKE ÆBLETE: Om håndteringen af kulturforskelle i institutioner

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hvenegård-Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The title of this article, “Drinking Apple Tea”, refers to the account of a social worker visiting the family of his drug-addicted client. While the visit proceeds in silence, the social worker finds his own frustration rising: “We just sit there and drink apple tea. What am I doing here?” This story points to the fact that cultural differences are difficult to manage within the institutions of the Danish welfare state, since they tend to fall outside the scope of established universal categorizations and norms that form the basis for institutional practices. On the basis of an understanding of cultural encounters that emphasize the creativity of human agency, as well as the institutional fixation of hegemonic norms, the article discusses specific encounters involving majority institutions and ethnic minorities in Denmark. The analysis focuses on the ways cultural differences are either suppressed or displaced as irrelevant factors, or emerge as catchall explanations for the behavior of ethnic minorities. This pattern is to a large extent attributable to the institutional norms and practices that implicitly limit diversity. In some cases, a universal view of human nature means that difference becomes deviance; whilst in others, a focus on cultural difference reduces diversity resulting in stereotypical generalizations of the Other. One way of distributing culture and difference in alternative ways could result from a heightened awareness of the institutional rationalities and practices among the employees.

Enacting networks, crossing borders: On the internationalization of the social sciences in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-722
Author(s):  
Leandro Rodriguez Medina
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Strategic Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global North ◽  
The One

The study of the internationalization of science seems to be focused on the natural and formal sciences and on networks of the Global North. A shift towards the social sciences and a peripheral region (Mexico) is proposed here and shows that two different types of networks are enacted to face the challenges of internationalized research. On the one hand, there are strategic networks which internalize the pressure of incentives brought to bear on academics and tend to reproduce an over-professionalized idea of the academia. On the other, there are engaged networks that try to strengthen international bonds according to certain politico-ethical imperatives. In this article, relying on current research on internationalization of the Mexican social sciences, the author explores the usefulness of these ideal-types of networks and discusses their implications.

scholarly journals “Qu’est-ce Qu’elle Dit? What she say, what she say?” Translating the Resisting Other in Contemporary Caribbean Women’s Writing

2015 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Suzanne Scafe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Women's Writing ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Caribbean History ◽  
Nathaniel Mackey ◽  
Epistemic Violence ◽  
Textual Strategy

I focus my discussion of Amryl Johnson’s poem “Qu’est-ce Qu’elle Dit”, Erna Brodber’s second novel Myal, and Merle Collins’s The Colour of Forgetting, on the texts’ representations of cultural difference and cultural transformation. The poem and the novels, I argue, present a version of Caribbean history that resists colonial discourse and that effects a process of healing and recovery from the epistemic violence of colonial historiography and the continued imposition of its cultural norms. At the same time I suggest that part of the process of resistance involves a radical reconceptualising and transformation of the Other. In these texts, what Nathaniel Mackey defines as “artistic othering”(55) is, as I wish to demonstrate in this article, a mode of resistance, a textual strategy that confronts, resists and refuses a too easy reappropriation of meaning, and yet insists on possibility. I approach the three texts as examples of counterdiscursive praxis, as texts which make “an intervention into postcolonial theoretical discourse” (O’Callaghan “Play It Back” 67). Amryl Johnson’s poem, from which the title of this paper comes, is emblematic of the tensions that arise in seemingly paradoxical processes of othering, reintegration and recovery in a creolized Caribbean context.

scholarly journals Muamma (conundrum) of Riba (Interest and Usury) in Major Religions in General and Islam in Particular

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 4438-4443
Author(s):  
Dr Ahmad Khalid Khan ◽  
Dr Omar Abdullah Al Aboud ◽  
Dr. Syed Mohammad Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Limitation

Author did courage to undertake this project with his limited knowledge of Religion, therefore, he seek apology in advance with the readers if any mistake has been committed. This paper has no religious relevance rather author has strived to uplift the pride of Interest and rent by making study in different major religion. The paper entitled, “Muamma (conundrum) of Riba (Interest and Usury) in Major Religions in General and Islam in Particular” It is an attempt to study the indication given by the religion that why it is haram. Interest is a very interesting thing; almost in all major religion Riba (Interest and Usury) is Haram including Judaism, however one side in Judaism, the Torah and Talmud encourage the granting of loans if they do not involve interest, on the other hand the halakhah [applicable Jewish law] regarding free loans apply only to loans made to other Jews but it is permissible to make loans with Riba (Interest and Usury) to non-Jews. Yet Riba (Interest and Usury) is Haram in most of the major religion because it disturbs the social fabric, it perturbs the connection which people share, which can facilitate to form an ethnically rich and in a social context cohesive community, Honestly speaking Riba (Interest and Usury) is not only the perpetrator for it, but Riba (Interest and Usury) is one of the cause for it. On the other hand, where the purpose is for utilization when one has for some cause or other gone astray his earnings, to insist a fixed return where no homecoming is produced is frequently considered as iniquitous.  Especially so if the collateral demanded is the house in which the borrower lives or land from the prospect turn out of which he expects to pay back the loan.  All the way through the era, currency providers have used the first type of case to defend their business.  Ironically it is their appliance of it to the second set of circumstances that twisted the ground for the second type of spat.   Nevertheless, by the last part of the thirteenth century a number of causes emerged which greatly destabilized the influence of the Orthodox Church.  In due course, the reformist faction, led by Luther (1483-1546) and Zwingli (1484-1531), approved to the charging of Riba (Interest and Usury) on the entreaty of human limitation

Nostalgic neighborhood belongings: Theorizing the interrelationship among nostalgias, belongings and neighborhood changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110294
Author(s):  
Clément Colin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Depth Interviews

Depending on one’s socio-territorial contexts, age, and time spent residing in the same place, the spatial-temporal experience of belonging is lived differently. Within this framework, this article looks at perspectives of neighborhood belonging in long-term residents aged 65 years and older. Based on the narratives of 51 people from three neighborhoods of Valparaíso, Chile, who participated in the 2019 workshops and/or in-depth interviews, I identify different types of nostalgic senses of belonging; and examine the social and spatial conditions that influence their formation. From this empirical research, I argue that these belongings are based on daily practices that refer to the past neighborhood and that, at the same time, are embodied in their current materialities. The results show, on the one hand, the role of nostalgia in the formation of a belonging, from the past to the present; and, on the other, the influence of place in these experiences. From the above, this article contributes to the conceptualization of the material dimension of nostalgic belongings and their interrelationships among nostalgias, belongings, and changes in social and physical environments.

scholarly journals ЛИТЕРАРНО-ДОКУМЕНТАРНА ПРОЗА У НАСТАВИ ЗАВИЧАЈНЕ КУЛТУРЕ: НА ПРИМЕРУ ПИСАЦА ИЗ УЖИЦА

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Милка В. Николић
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Private Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Different Cultures

Modern education prepares student for a life in the world where a dialogue between different cultures exists. On the other hand, modern education enables the growth of student’s conscience about the belonging to a certain community and desire to personally contribute to preservation of homeland cultural heritage. It is believed that a child who is aware of the identity of its closer environment will have harsher criteria for accepting the legacies of general culture and understanding the separate cultures. Autobiographies, memoirs, and journals are characterized by different types of discourse (narration, description, argumentation, interpretation). The works in question (entire or in fragments) should be used as a didactic tool for developing and promoting students’ different abilities. The paper discusses the educational potential of documentary prose in literature by the writers of different profiles (craftsmen, entrepreneurs, soldiers, artists), born in Užice, who depicted the social and private life from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The goal is to examine the possibilities for the development and improvement of students’ abilities by using these works in history and literary classes. Documentary prose in literature by homeland writers represents the narrative rich in information and details, which allows teacher to enlighten the events, characters, and occurrences from different perspectives.

Contesting the Myths of Samurai Baseball

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Keaveney
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Way

The Japanese passion for the game of baseball stretches back over one hundred years, and has its origins in the Meiji period. Baseball has long been Japan’s national pastime, and the game constitutes an important part of the social fabric of Japan. Moreover, baseball occupies a prominent position in modern Japanese culture. Starting with Masaoka Shiki’s poetry and fiction about baseball in the Meiji era and continuing all the way up to the recent baseball manga of Adachi Mitsuru, this work chronicles cultural representations of baseball in Japan with chapters devoted to poetry, fiction, manga and films that incorporate or represent baseball. The book makes the case that in Japan baseball has been used by writers, filmmakers and artists both to validate the time-honored model of Bushidō-inspired “Samurai baseball” and to challenge rigid cultural values and assumptions. Baseball has served in the modern era as a cultural touchstone to which artists have returned again and again.

scholarly journals PERDAMAIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN KRISTEN

Al'Adalah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Asy’ari Asy'ari
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social

The existence of Religion is a correction of behavioral problems that substantively cause tension, violence and even damage to the social fabric, or better known as tyranny. There is no religion established itself as a rel igion of violence and it is certain that all religions claim to be a religion of peace. But on the other hand, religion can lead to damage and even mass murder. Therefore, religious messages are ambivalent, whether religion is to solve problems or it is the source of problems. This ambivalence is emphasized with the rise of religious adherents by showing complex faces  to interpret. The complex face is inseparable from the adherents of the r eligion itself, both Islam and Christian. Because the realizat ion of religious adherents have the legitimacy of the text (the source of their religious teachings).

scholarly journals MIGRATORY MOBILITY AND DRUG TRAFFICKING. EXCLUSION AND POVERTY AS SPACES OF CONVERGENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Urbano Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
State Public Policy ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to identify those processes that converge as common roots in the interaction and strengthening of drug trafficking and migratory mobility. These two issues were not born in contemporary times, but they do acquire the characteristics and socioeconomic impact on the system of nations at the same time as the reaffirmation of the consequences of the current economic model. The aim is to recognize, through those directly affected, the impact of these two phenomena on the weakening of the social fabric at the same time as the consolidation of actors parallel to the State, who to a large extent become social competitors of State public policy, hence the need to propose strategies for managing these two problems from an integral perspective, under the premise that attention to one issue must run parallel to the management of the other, as synergistic and not dissociated phenomena. To this end, a qualitative analysis based on the search for documentary sources and statistics on migratory mobility and poverty, among others, has been used as a starting point, along with the organization and systematization of life testimonies, which give support and a relevant role to the experience of the actors

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