Carbonate and Phosphate Precipitation by Saline Soil Bacteria in a Monitored Culture Medium

Soil bacteria that hydrolyze starch were isolated by means of an elective culture medium with this polysaccharide as the sole source of carbon; their ability to decompose cellulose was then tested. Thirteen strains of cellulose decomposing bacteria were thus isolated from several Quebec soils. The bacteria have been assigned to three recognized genera under eight new specific names. Their elevation to species rank is based on differentiations comparable to those used in Bergey's Manual. The following new species have been proposed: Vibrio perimastix, Vibrio hyperion, Bacterium infirme, Bacillus vagans, Bacillus Kellermani, Bacillus soli, Bacillus torquens, and Bacillus effluens.

Download Full-text

Some mechanisms involved in growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by bacteria

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b90-280 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2148-2152 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

R. Duponnois ◽

J. Garbaye

Keyword(s):

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Paxillus Involutus ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Mycorrhizal Infection ◽

Trophic Effect ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

First Results

The stimulating effect of some soil bacteria on the growth of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebeloma crustuliniforme Bull. Saint Amans and Paxillus involutus Batsch. ex Fr.) is considered. Two mechanisms are involved: a direct trophic effect of the bacteria on the fungi, and an indirect effect by detoxication of the fungal culture medium. This is supported by observations that (i) some organic acids (citric acid, malic acid), released by the bacteria, stimulate the growth of the two fungi, and (ii) Paxillus involutus releases polyphenolic substances that are toxic to itself but are metabolized by the bacteria. These first results suggest that some bacteria can have beneficial effects during the saprophytic phase of ectomycorrhizal fungi before mycorrhizal infection.

Download Full-text

Increased culturability of soil bacteria from Marcellus shale temperate forest in Pennsylvania

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.v2i1.110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Evan Mitchell Lutton ◽

Rosa Schellevis ◽

Anupama Shanmuganathan

Keyword(s):

16S Rdna ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Marcellus Shale ◽

Soil Extract ◽

Extract Agar ◽

Unique Otus ◽

Soil Extract Agar

Soil bacteria comprise a largely untapped resource with only 1-10% of bacterial species predicted to live in soil being culturable in the laboratory. Establishing culture-dependent protocols that identify unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is an important research topic in soil bacterial ecology. The culturability of soil bacteria may be improved by employing different culture media due to inherent preferences of growth substrate utilization. Soil-extract agar, R-2A agar, and 1% nutrient agar were used in this study to isolate bacteria obtained from soil samples collected in winter months to increase the understanding of bacterial diversity in Abernathy Field Station, a Marcellus shale temperate forest in Washington, Pennsylvania. Changes in bacterial diversity can be used to assess the early impact of anthropological factors, such as hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus shale region, which may lead to severe environmental problems. For the purpose of long term ecological monitoring, data obtained from this year’s sample collection were analyzed in conjunction with previous years’ assessments. Bacterial isolates were analyzed taxonomically and phylogenetically. Unique OTUs were identified through comparative analysis of 16S rDNA. The Shannon-Weaver and Simpson’s diversity indices ranked isolates on soil-extract agar highest for species richness, and rarefaction analysis suggests that sampling saturation of OTUs identified on soil-extract agar has not yet been reached. Each culture medium studied supported isolates of four common phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Soil-extract agar supported the greatest proportion of pigmented colonies including a Cyanobacterium which exhibited intra-16S rDNA polymorphism. Each culture medium supported the growth of unique OTUs and genera with Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces found on each. This study suggests that utilizing different culture media can increase the culturability of soil bacteria.

Download Full-text

Planting Sweet Sorghum in Yellow River Delta: The Cultivation Measure, Yield and Effect on Soil Microflora

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 81-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hai Fan ◽

Hai Dong Wu ◽

Mei Li Zhou ◽

Ya Zhang ◽

Tong Lou Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Plant Density ◽

Yellow River ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Yellow River Delta ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Microflora ◽

River Delta ◽

Plastic Mulch

Field experiment was conducted in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta between May to Oct. Sweet sorghum was planted with different cultivation measures to test the effect of plastic mulch, plant density, organic manure application and additional fertilizer application on the yield, stalk juice Brix and extraction rate. The soil bacteria and actinomycetes quantities were also determined after harvesting to test the amelioration effects of different measures on soil.

Download Full-text

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066796 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

Awtar Krishan ◽

Dora Hsu

Keyword(s):

Granular Material ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Metabolic Inhibitors ◽

Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽

Apparent Reduction ◽

Plant Alkaloids ◽

In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

Download Full-text

Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082923 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 412-413

Author(s):

C. Wiencke ◽

A. Lauchli

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Point Of View ◽

Chemical Fixation ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Osmotic Adaptation ◽

Osmotic Balance ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Osmotic Agents ◽

Vacuolar System ◽

Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

Download Full-text

The significance of SEM in the diagnosis of haematopoietic malignancies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082431 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

Etienne de Harven ◽

Nina Lampen

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Ethanol Dehydration ◽

Moist Chamber ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽

Fast Quenching ◽

Freeze Dryer ◽

Scanning Electron

Samples of heparinized blood, or bone marrow aspirates, or cell suspensions prepared from biopsied tissues (nodes, spleen, etc. ) are routinely prepared, after Ficoll-Hypaque concentration of the mononuclear leucocytes, for scanning electron microscopy. One drop of the cell suspension is placed in a moist chamber on a poly-l-lysine pretreated plastic coverslip (Mazia et al., J. Cell Biol. 66:198-199, 1975) and fifteen minutes allowed for cell attachment. Fixation, started in 2. 5% glutaraldehyde in culture medium at room temperature for 30 minutes, is continued in the same fixative at 4°C overnight or longer. Ethanol dehydration is immediately followed by drying at the critical point of CO2 or of Freon 13. An efficient alternative method for ethanol dehydrated cells is to dry the cells at low temperature (-75°C) under vacuum (10-2 Torr) for 30 minutes in an Edwards-Pearse freeze-dryer (de Harven et al., SEM/IITRI/1977, 519-524). This is preceded by fast quenching in supercooled ethanol (between -90 and -100°C).

Download Full-text

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163563 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

W. A. Chiou ◽

N. Kohyama ◽

B. Little ◽

P. Wagner ◽

M. Meshii

Keyword(s):

Marine Bacterium ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Copper Alloys ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Natural Seawater ◽

Copper Corrosion ◽

New Approach ◽

The Past ◽

Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

Download Full-text

Involvement of nucleus in the maturation of dengue-2 virus in C6/36 cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162120 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 912-913

Author(s):

Jaang J. Wang ◽

Cheng C. Chen ◽

Men F. Shaio ◽

Chia T. Liu ◽

Chung S. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Fetal Bovine Serum ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Electron Microscopies ◽

Embedding Technique ◽

Fetal Bovine ◽

Flat Embedding ◽

20 Nm ◽

Labeling Method

The involvement of nucleus in the maturation processes of Dengue-2 virus in a mosquito cell line, C6/36 cells, has been identified by the electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The C6/36 cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained in MEM culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 28°C. The cell suspensions or cells grown on teflon-coated coverslips were infected with Dengue-2 virus (107/ml) for various time periods of 2 hours, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days. The cells were then fixed in buffered 1.5% glutaraldehyde, and washed in acetone before immunolabeled with monoclonal antibody. An indirect immunocytochemical labeling method of avidin-biotin complex (ABC) conjugated with peroxidase or gold particles (20 nm in diameter) and a flat embedding technique were used to localize the virus particles.At early stages of infections (before 3 days), there were no virion particles detected. After 6 days and on of infections, cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed and showed positive immuno-peroxidase reactions under the light and electron microscopies.

Download Full-text