Relationships between Traumatic Events, Children’s Gender, and Political Activity, and Perceptions of Parenting Styles

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija-Leena Punamäki ◽  
Samir Qouta ◽  
Eyad El Sarraj
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Parental Rejection ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
Politically Active

The associations between traumatic events, children’s gender and political activity, and parenting styles were examined among 108 Palestinians of 11-12 years of age. The results showed that the more the children were exposed to traumatic events, the more they perceived both their parents as strictly disciplining, rejecting, and hostile, and their mothers as more negatively evaluating. The boys perceived both their parents as treating them more negatively than the girls did. Affectionate parenting, such as intimacy and love, for its part, was not associated with traumatic events, and did not vary according to the child’s gender or political activity. The gender of the child affected the association between traumatic events, political activity, and perceived parenting. Traumatic events increased perceived parental rejection and hostility only among the boys, and perceived strict disciplining only among the girls. Although politically active children perceived both of their parents as more negative in general, in the families exposed to a high level of traumatic events, passive boys perceived their fathers as more rejecting and hostile than active boys did. It is suggested that mothers and fathers rear girls restrictively and with greater attention, and boys with rejection, when the family faces traumatic events. In exposed families, fathers also tend to discourage boys’ political passivity and apparently encourage activity.

Resiliency factors predicting psychological adjustment after political violence among Palestinian children

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija-Leena Punamäki ◽  
Samir Qouta ◽  
Eyad El-Sarraj
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Palestinian Children ◽  
High Level

The effects of cognitive capacity, perceived parenting, traumatic events, and activity, which were ” rst measured in the midst of the political violence of the Intifada in 1993, were examined on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emotional disorders, school performance, and neuroticism three years later in more peaceful conditions among 86 Palestinian children of 14.04 ± 0.79 years of age. The results showed, ” rst, that PTSD was high among the children who had been exposed to a high level of traumatic events and had responded passively (not actively) to Intifada violence. Discrepant perceived parenting was also decisive for adjustment: Children who perceived their mothers as highly loving and caring but their fathers as not so showed a high level of PTSD. High intellectual but low creative performance was also characteristic of the children suffering from emotional disorders. Second, the hypothesis that cognitive capacity and activity serve a resiliency function if children feel loved and nonrejected at home was confirmed. Third, neuroticism decreased significantly over the three years, especially among the children who had been exposed to a high number of traumatic events.

scholarly journals The Role of Family in Bullying and Cyberbullying Involvement: Examining a New Typology of Parental Education Management Based on Adolescents’ View of Their Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gómez-Ortiz ◽  
Carmen Apolinario ◽  
Eva M. Romera ◽  
Rosario Ortega-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Education Management ◽  
The Family

The influence of the family in children’s involvement in bullying and cyberbullying has been well documented. However, previous research into this relationship seems to have overlooked recent social changes, which have affected the family context. The aim of this study is to put forward a categorization of the current educational management of Spanish parents and examine how this is linked to their children’s involvement in bullying and cyberbullying. To achieve this, 2060 schoolchildren from the South of Spain (47.9% girls with mean age = 14.34) answered four questionnaires including the Scale for the Assessment of the Parenting Styles of Adolescents’ Mothers and Fathers, the Discipline Dimensions Inventory, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. The Cluster Analysis results revealed a typology containing six styles: permissive, authoritarian, strict, normative democratic, indulgent democratic, and punitive democratic. Lower levels of victimization and aggression in bullying and cyberbullying were found to be linked to the indulgent democratic or normative democratic styles and higher levels to the authoritarian and strict styles. The value of parents’ educational practices and how they are combined in general styles, since these are elements that can predispose or prevent adolescent’s involvement in bullying and cyberbullying, is discussed.

scholarly journals Perceived Parenting Styles and Adjustment during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-National Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
Águeda Parra ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija ◽  
María del Carmen García-Mendoza ◽  
Susana Coimbra ◽  
José Egídio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Children’S Wellbeing ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Perspective

The aim of the present study is to determine whether the influence of parenting style on children’s wellbeing is sustained during emerging adulthood. This is a stage in which young people, despite feeling themselves to be adults, often remain in the family home and continue to be financially dependent on their parents. Moreover, since parents’ beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed and interpreted within their cultural milieu, the study also aims to explore the situation in Spain (SP) and Portugal (PT). Those two Southern Europe countries are representative of what is known as the “family welfare regime”, in which the family acts as the main provider of care and security not only during childhood, but also during emerging adulthood. Thus, the present study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the relationship between perceived parenting styles and psychological adjustment among a sample of 1047 emerging adults from Spain and Portugal. The results reveal that the most beneficial styles during this stage are the authoritative and permissive ones, with the authoritarian style being more closely related to psychological distress. The study highlights intercultural similarities and the positive role played by more symmetrical relationships in the adjustment of emerging adults in both countries.

scholarly journals The mediating role of perfectionism in relation to narcissism and early trauma, family functioning and perceived parenting styles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Kermanian ◽  
Fatemeh Golshani ◽  
Anita Baghdasarians ◽  
Farhad Jomhari
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Early Trauma

Introduction: Elevated narcissism in young people often sets up a cascade of interpersonal and mental health challenges which needs to understand its concomitants. This study aimed to explain the structural model of narcissism based on early trauma, family function and perceived parenting styles with the mediating role of perfectionism. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 20-45 year-old males and females referring to psychological clinics of Tehran in 2018-19. A sample of 350 people was also selected using convenience sampling method. Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the McMaster family assessment device, and Perceptions of Parents Scale (POPS) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis using SPSS-22 software and structural equation modeling was used by Amos-24 doftware. The level of significant was (p<0.05). Results: Comparative Fit index (CFI) was 0.923, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Incremental Fit Index (IFI) was appropriate; since it exceeded 0.90. Also, the Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.075 was in the acceptable range. Based on the path findings, the fitted model showed a positive impact of early life trauma on perfectionism (p<0.01, β= 0.12), the functioning of the family (p<0.01, β= 0.21), and the style of parenting (β= 0.29, p<0.01). Narcissism had a positive impact on family functioning (p<0.01, β = 0.40) directly from early life trauma (p <0.01, β = 0.18).   Conclusion: As the experience of trauma increases early in life, the likelihood of developing perfectionist tendencies increases. This indicates that the better the parenting style and the better the family functioning, the lower the level of perfectionism.

scholarly journals Differences in Retrospective Perceptions of Parenting Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Jámbori ◽  
Judit Kőrössy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Niche ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Retrospective Perceptions

Abstract In the present study, the possible differences in parenting perceptions between young people socialised before the political changes in the socialist regime and those born after the regime change were explored. In Study 1 (2002) and Study 2 (2018), adolescents and young adults’ retrospective perceptions of parenting were examined. In the first study, the participants included 126 adolescents and 145 young adults, and there were 133 adolescents and 204 young adults in the second study. In both studies, the participants completed the Family Socialisation Questionnaire (Dalbert & Goch, 1997), which is employed to assess parenting practices retrospectively. Second order factor analyses on both occasions revealed that the age groups perceived parenting styles in a similar way. The similarities of the two age groups’ perceptions of parenting could be explained by employing the developmental niche theory, which is when the homeostatic functioning of the niche ensures relatively stable parenting styles, despite changing circumstances. On both occasions, young adults perceived parenting as more negative and restrictive. These results are discussed in detail.

Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles in Greece, Italy, and Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Semira Tagliabue ◽  
Maria Giulia Olivari ◽  
Elisabeth Hertfelt Wahn ◽  
Katerina Maridaki-Kassotaki ◽  
Katerina Antonopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Structural Invariance

Abstract. Discrepancies in perceived parenting and parental roles across European countries could be due to the use of different assessment techniques or due to mean level differences in the authoritative, authoritarian, or permissive parenting styles. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ; Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 1995 , 2001 ) in a sample of 225 Greek, 301 Italian, and 279 Swedish adolescents aged 16–19 years, who evaluated their father’s and mother’s parenting styles during their childhood. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup CFA, and modified version of the correlated uniqueness model were used to evaluate the structure and invariance of the scale across countries. Measurement and structural invariance was found in the 8-item authoritative scale and 6-item authoritarian scale. A mixed ANOVA (Country × Style × Role) showed that Swedish mothers scored lower than Italian or Greek mothers, and that, in the three countries, mothers were perceived as more authoritative than were fathers.

THE IMAGE OF AN ACTIVE WOMAN IN THE SPIRITUAL HERITAGE OF EASTERN THINKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Feruza Davronova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Active Woman ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Family

The purpose of this article is to study the image of socio-political activity of women, their role and importance in the life of the state and society.In this, we referred to the unique books of orientalists and studied their opinions and views on this topic. The article considers the socio-political activity of women, their role in the state and society, the role of the mother in the family and raising a child, oriental culture, national and spiritual values, traditions and social significance of women

Parenting, Religion, and Moral Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
Sam A. Hardy ◽  
David C. Dollahite ◽  
Chayce R. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Religiosity ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Religion

The purpose of this chapter is to review research on the role of religion in moral development within the family. We first present a model of the processes involved. Parent or family religiosity is the most distal predictor and affects moral development through its influence on parenting as well as child or adolescent religiosity. Additionally, parenting affects moral development directly, but also through its influence on child or adolescent religiosity. In other words, parent or family religiosity dynamically interconnects with parenting styles and practices, and with family relationships, and these in turn influence moral development directly as well as through child or adolescent religiosity. We also discuss how these processes might vary across faith traditions and cultures, and point to directions for future research.

Family Environment and Child-To-Parent Violence: The Role of Emotional Insecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Miriam Junco-Guerrero ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Fernández ◽  
David Cantón-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Family System ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emotional Insecurity

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) constitutes a serious social problem due to its short and long-term consequences, which not only directly affect the victim but also generate a rupture of the family system. In this study, direct and indirect effects of exposition to violence within the family, insecurity in the family system (manifested as disengagement and/or preoccupation), and justification of violence on CPV toward mothers and fathers were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). Davies and Cummings emotional security theory (1994) was applied. A total of 904 high school students between 13 and 20 years old participated in this study. Information regarding each participant’s committed CPV was obtained from the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire. Emotional insecurity was assessed with the Security in the Family System scale. To assess exposition to violence and justification of violence, the Exposure to Violence Questionnaire and Irrational Beliefs Inventory for Adolescents were applied, respectively. Strong relationships between exposition to violence within the family, emotional insecurity, justification of violence, and CPV toward mothers and fathers were observed. The results show that adolescents who are exposed to violence at home are more aggressive in the future. In addition, this relationship is mediated, at least in part, by the justification of violence and emotional insecurity. These results suggest that prevention and treatment of CPV aggressors should focus on improving security within the survivors’ family system as well as modifying attitudes toward violence.

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