Severely obese adolescent girls rely earlier on carbohydrates during walking than normal-weight matched girls

Unintended pregnancies are a serious problem in terms of morbidity during the adolescent years, the use of contraceptives being an important element of prevention at this age. Obese adolescent girls tend to use fewer contraceptive methods compared to normal-weight girls, excess weight being a frequent argument against the use of contraception. These girls have a high probability of carrying unintended pregnancies associated with all the risks of pregnancy and childbirth at very young ages, while also needing safer and more effective contraceptive methods. Reducing the number of pregnancies in this category is a public health priority and requires the identification of adolescent girls included in this risk category. Although there are several voices opposing contraceptive methods on account of their adverse effects, the World Health Organization champions the idea that adolescents can use any contraceptive method due to the benefit of avoided unintended pregnancies, which outbalance the risks associated with the use thereof.

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The relative deficit of GDF15 in adolescent girls with PCOS can be changed into an abundance that reduces liver fat

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86317-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francis de Zegher ◽

Marta Díaz ◽

Joan Villarroya ◽

Montserrat Cairó ◽

Abel López-Bermejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Young Patients ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Low Grade ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

Prime Concern

AbstractA prime concern of young patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the control of body adiposity, given their tendency to gain weight and/or their difficulty to lose weight. Circulating growth-and-differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) facilitates the control of body weight via receptors in the brainstem. C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin are endogenous GDF15 secretagogues. We hypothesised that PCOS in non-obese adolescents is characterised by low concentrations of circulating GDF15, when judged by the degree of CRP and insulin drive. GDF15 was added as a post-hoc endpoint of two previously reported, randomised studies in non-obese adolescent girls with PCOS (N = 58; 60% normal weight; 40% overweight) who received either an oral oestroprogestogen contraceptive (OC), or a low-dose combination of spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (SPIOMET) for 1 year; subsequently, all girls remained untreated for 1 year. Adolescent girls with regular menses (N = 20) served as healthy controls. Circulating GDF15, CRP and fasting insulin were assessed prior to treatment, and halfway the on- and post-treatment years. Pre-treatment, the absolute GDF15 concentrations were normal in PCOS girls, but their relative levels were markedly low, in view of the augmented CRP and insulin drives. OC treatment was accompanied by a near-doubling of circulating GDF15 (on average, from 296 to 507 pg/mL) and CRP, so that the relative GDF15 levels remained low. SPIOMET treatment was accompanied by a 3.4-fold rise of circulating GDF15 (on average, from 308 to 1045 pg/mL) and by a concomitant lowering of CRP and insulin concentrations towards normal, so that the relative GDF15 levels became markedly abundant. Post-OC, the relatively low GDF15 levels persisted; post-SPIOMET, the circulating concentrations of GDF15, CRP and insulin were all normal. BMI remained stable in both treatment groups. Only SPIOMET was accompanied by a reduction of hepato-visceral fat (by MRI) towards normal. In conclusion, early PCOS was found to be characterised by a relative GDF15 deficit that may partly explain the difficulties that young patients experience to control their body adiposity. This relative GDF15 deficit persisted during and after OC treatment. In contrast, SPIOMET treatment was accompanied by an absolute and a relative abundance of GDF15, and followed by normal GDF15, CRP and insulin concentrations. The present findings strengthen the rationale to raise the concentrations of circulating GDF15 in early PCOS, for example with a SPIOMET-like intervention that attenuates low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and ectopic adiposity, without necessarily lowering body weight.Clinical trial registries: ISRCTN29234515 and ISRCTN11062950.

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INTERRELATION OF rs9939609 POLYMORPHISM OF THE FTO GENE WITH CLINICAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN GIRLS WITH DIFFERENT FAT DEPOSITION TOPOGRAPHY: A PILOT STUDY

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-2-211-218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

T.A. Bairova ◽

◽

E.A. Sheneman ◽

K.D. Ievleva ◽

L.V. Rychkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Thigh Circumference ◽

Obese Adolescent

Objective of the research: to assess the relationship between rs9939609 FTO carriage and clinical and metabolic parameters in adolescent girls with different types of fat deposition to identify the A allele as a possible marker of abdominal fat deposition. Materials and methods: 254 adolescent girls (14–17 years): 101 girls (39%) with a body mass index (BMI) in the range of ±1 SDS included in the control group [age 16 (15–17) years], 153 girls with SDS>1 were included in the main group [age 15 (15–16) years], including 95 (62%) girls with overweight (SDS BMI from +1,0 to +2,0) [age 15 (14,5–17) years] and 58 (37%) obese girls (SDS BMI>2) [age 15 (14–16) years]. Study design: singlecenter prospective complete open controlled. Anthropometric studies using standard methods (body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), thigh circumference, fat fold thickness above the biceps, triceps muscles, on the chest front surface, at the scapula lower angle, in the abdomen area and mid-thigh area). Adipose tissue percentage (% of fat mass) was determined by the bioelectrical resistance method using a professional scale – a TANITATBF-410MA fat analyzer (Japan). Laboratory studies included determination of lipid spectrum (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin with calculation of the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR, and molecular genetic studies (rs9939609FTO). Results: the frequency of the A-allele rs9939609 FTO in the adolescent samples WHtR<0,5 and WHtR>0,5 (56,28%, χ2=10,66, p=0,0011) is higher than in the group of adolescents with normal weight (40,10%). Comparing the frequencies of alleles and genotypes between groups with WHtR<0,5 and WHtR>0,5 did not revealed any statistically significant differences (χ2=0,92, p=0,63; χ2=0,34, p=0,56). In carriers of the AA genotype with an abdominal type of fat deposition (WHtR>0,5) in comparison with carriers of a similar genotype of a gluteofemoral type of fat deposition (WHtR<0,5), the BMI SDS is higher (2,75±0,66 vs. 1,54±0,46, p=0,01) and HOMA-IR (6,55±8,09 vs. 2,59±1,34, p=0,04). Conclusion: the prevalence of the A allele rs9939609 FTO in the group of overweight and obese adolescent girls is higher than in the group of adolescents with normal weight. In adolescent girls, the A allele rs9939609 FTO is associated with excess fat accumulation (SDS BMI) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

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Aerobic Training Suppresses Exercise-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Overweight/Obese Adolescent Girls

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2014-0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hala Youssef ◽

Carole Groussard ◽

Sophie Lemoine-Morel ◽

Christophe Jacob ◽

Elie Moussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Body Composition ◽

Training Program ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Obese Group ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Exercise Induced

This study aimed to determine whether aerobic training could reduce lipid peroxidation and inflammation at rest and after maximal exhaustive exercise in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Thirty-nine adolescent girls (14-19 years old) were classified as nonobese or overweight/obese and then randomly assigned to either the nontrained or trained group (12-week multivariate aerobic training program). Measurements at the beginning of the experiment and at 3 months consisted of body composition, aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and the following blood assays: pre- and postexercise lipid peroxidation (15F2a-isoprostanes [F2-Isop], lipid hydroperoxide [ROOH], oxidized LDL [ox-LDL]) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase [MPO]) markers. In the overweight/obese group, the training program significantly increased their fat-free mass (FFM) and decreased their percentage of fat mass (%FM) and hip circumference but did not modify their VO2peak. Conversely, in the nontrained overweight/obese group, weight and %FM increased, and VO2peak decreased, during the same period. Training also prevented exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and/or inflammation in overweight/obese girls (F2-Isop, ROOH, ox-LDL, MPO). In addition, in the trained overweight/obese group, exercise-induced changes in ROOH, ox-LDL and F2-Isop were correlated with improvements in anthropometric parameters (waist-to-hip ratio, %FM and FFM). In conclusion aerobic training increased tolerance to exercise-induced oxidative stress in overweight/obese adolescent girls partly as a result of improved body composition.

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Ovarian imaging by magnetic resonance in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.039 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 985-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

R YOO ◽

C SIRLIN ◽

M GOTTSCHALK ◽

R CHANG

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Obese Adolescent

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RELATION OF SKINFOLDS TO BODY FATNESS IN A POPULATION OF OBESE ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198404000-00155 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. L. Hoerr ◽

R. A. Nelson ◽

T. G. Lohman ◽

D. Steiger

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Body Fatness

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Prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescent girls: impact of urbanization in rural–urban interface of Bangalore

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0281 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi ◽

K.B. Umesh ◽

B.C. Ashwini ◽

K.R. Hamsa

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Total Sample ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Double Burden ◽

Content Type ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

PurposeIndia is facing a double burden of malnutrition, i.e. undernutrition and obesity. Women and adolescent health and nutrition are very relevant issues which have not received much attention it deserves in India, especially in the context of a girl child. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls as well as the associated factors.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt was made to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls and associated factors. The required data was collected from the north (616) and south transects (659) sample households of Bangalore constituting a total sample size of 1,275. The data was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis using STATA software.FindingsThe effects of this study simply confirmed that, urbanization had an instantaneous effect on dietary repute of women and adolescent girls, while transferring throughout the gradient from rural to urban with the growing significance of weight problems and obese. In adolescent girls, about 31% were underweight followed by normal weight and overweight across rural–urban interface of Bangalore. The factors such as education, consumption of meat and animal products, a dummy for urban, diabetes and blood pressure were significantly and positively influencing the nutritional status (Body Mass Index) of women across rural–urban interface. While consumption of vegetables, wealth index and per capita income had a positive and significant influence on the nutritional status of adolescent girls.Originality/valueWith limited studies and data available in Karnataka, especially in Bengaluru, one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Against this backdrop, the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescents and its association with various socio-economic variables.

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