Exploring the relationship between cognition and functional verbal reasoning in adults with severe traumatic brain injury at six months post injury

AbstractBehavioral dysregulation is a common and detrimental consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children that contributes to poor academic achievement and deficits in social development. Unfortunately, behavioral dysregulation is difficult to predict from either injury severity or early neuropsychological evaluation. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) connects orbitofrontal and anterior temporal lobes, which are commonly implicated in emotional and behavioral regulation. Using probabilistic diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we examined the relationship between the integrity of the UF 3 months post-injury and ratings of executive functions 12 months post-injury in children with moderate to severe TBI and a comparison group with orthopedic injuries. As expected, fractional anisotropy of the UF was lower in the TBI group relative to the orthopedic injury group. DTT metrics from the UF served as a biomarker and predicted ratings of emotional and behavior regulation, but not metacognition. In contrast, the Glasgow Coma Scale score was not related to either UF integrity or to executive function outcomes. Neuroanatomical biomarkers like the uncinate fasciculus may allow for early identification of behavioral problems and allow for investigation into the relationship of frontotemporal networks to brain-behavior relationships. (JINS, 2011, 17, 663–673)

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Electrophysiological correlates of thalamocortical function in acute severe traumatic brain injury

10.1101/2021.09.08.21262992 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William H. Curley ◽

Yelena G. Bodien ◽

David W. Zhou ◽

Mary M. Conte ◽

Andrea S. Foulkes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Resting State ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Post Injury ◽

Network Function ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Level Of Consciousness ◽

Thalamocortical Network

Few reliable biomarkers of consciousness exist for patients with acute severe brain injury. Tools assaying the neural networks that modulate consciousness may allow for tracking of recovery. The mesocircuit model, and its instantiation as the ABCD framework, classifies resting-state EEG power spectral densities into categories reflecting widely separated levels of thalamocortical network function and correlates with outcome in post-cardiac arrest coma. We applied the ABCD framework to acute severe traumatic brain injury and tested four hypotheses: 1) EEG channel-level ABCD classifications are spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable; 2) ABCD classifications improve longitudinally, commensurate with the degree of behavioural recovery; 3) ABCD classifications correlate with behavioural level of consciousness; and 4) the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised arousal facilitation protocol improves EEG dynamics along the ABCD scale. In this longitudinal cohort study, we enrolled 20 patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury requiring intensive care and 16 healthy controls. Through visual inspection, channel-level spectra from resting-state EEG were classified based on spectral peaks within frequency bands defined by the ABCD framework: A = no peaks above delta (<4 Hz) range (complete thalamocortical disruption); B = theta (4-8 Hz) peak (severe thalamocortical disruption); C = theta and beta (13-24 Hz) peaks (moderate thalamocortical disruption); or D = alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta peaks (normal thalamocortical function). We assessed behavioural level of consciousness with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised or neurological examination and, in 12 patients, performed repeat EEG and behavioural assessments at ≥6-months post-injury. Acutely, 95% of patients demonstrated D signals in at least one channel but exhibited heterogeneity in the proportion of different channel-level ABCD classifications (mean percent D signals: 37%, range: 0-90%). By contrast, healthy participants and patients at follow-up predominantly demonstrated signals corresponding to intact thalamocortical network function (mean percent D signals: 94%). In patients studied acutely, ABCD classifications improved after the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised arousal facilitation protocol (P<0.05), providing electrophysiological evidence for the effectiveness of this commonly performed technique. ABCD classification did not correspond with behavioural level of consciousness acutely, where patients demonstrated substantial within-session temporal variability in ABCD classifications. However, ABCD classification distinguished patients with and without command-following in the subacute-to-chronic phase of recovery (P<0.01). Patients also demonstrated significant longitudinal improvement in EEG dynamics along the ABCD scale (median change in D signals: 37%, P<0.05). These findings support the use of the ABCD framework to characterize channel-level EEG dynamics and track fluctuations in functional thalamocortical network integrity in spatial detail.

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The Relationship between Serum Levels of Interleukins 6, 8, 10 and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Archives of Trauma Research ◽

10.5812/atr.18357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sharhokh Yousefzadeh Chabok ◽

Anoush Dehnadi Moghaddam ◽

Ehsan Kazemnejad Leili ◽

Zahra Saneei ◽

Marieh Hosseinpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Serum Levels ◽

The Relationship

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B-68 The Effect of Bilingualism on Stroop Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1016-1016

Author(s):

J Knight ◽

A Arzuyan ◽

W Lopez-Hernandez ◽

P Litvin ◽

R Cervante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Color Word ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Post Injury ◽

Main Effects ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neurocognition. Speaking multiple languages can also influence cognitive test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on a task of attention and response inhibition (Stroop Color Word Test; SCWT). Method The sample (N = 96) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word interference (SCWT-I) conditions. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on SCWT performances. Results Group effects (control and TBI groups) were found for all Stroop measures. We found main effects of TBI on SCWT-W, p = .013, ηp² = .09, SCWT-C, p = .001, ηp² = .14, and SCWT-I, p = .022, ηp² = .08, with the controls outperforming acute TBI survivors on SCWT-I, chronic TBI survivors on SCWT-W, and both TBI groups on SCWT-C. We also observed main effects of language for SCWT-C, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and SCWT-I, p = .003, ηp² = .09, with the monolinguals outperforming bilinguals on SCWT-C and SCWT-I. However, no significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion As expected, the control group outperformed TBI survivors on the SCWT. Monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on all Stroop measures except SCWT-W condition. Our findings seem to suggest that monolingual speakers may have better attention and response inhibition abilities that resulted in better SCWT performance.

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