Improved varieties perform well in realized genetic gain trials with Norway spruce seed sources in southern Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Liziniewicz ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
Andreas Helmersson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Seed Sources

Vegetation management on grass-dominated clearcuts planted with Norway spruce in southern Sweden

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Göran Örlander
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Relative Differences

A field experiment was established between 1989 and 1993 to study the effects of competing vegetation on growth of planted Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. Effects of clearcut age, scarification (mounding), herbicide treatment, and seedling stock type were investigated 5 years after planting. On fresh clearcuts, amounts of vegetation were negligible, whereas 2.1-3.7 Mg·ha-1 was found on 4-year-old and older clearcuts. Soil temperatures were about 10% higher in mounds than in undisturbed ground, while herbicide and clearcut age only marginally affected soil temperatures. Seedlings planted on old clearcuts showed significant reductions in growth due to interference from vegetation. Five years after planting, the reduction in growth corresponded to about 1 year's growth. Most of the interaction between seedlings and vegetation occurred during the first 2 years after planting. Thus, scarification was just as effective as repeated herbicide treatments in reducing competition from vegetation. Differences in periods of drought between years could largely explain variation in leading shoot length. However, leading shoot length was affected in the same way irrespective of vegetation control treatments. Five years after planting, the relative differences in diameter between bare-root and containerized seedlings were the same as at the time of planting.

scholarly journals Consequences for bird diversity from a decrease in a foundation species—replacing Scots pine stands with Norway spruce in southern Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matts Lindbladh ◽  
Lisa Petersson ◽  
Per-Ola Hedwall ◽  
Renats Trubins ◽  
Emma Holmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Effects of mulching and insecticides on establishment and growth of Norway spruce

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Johansson ◽  
Göran Örlander ◽  
Urban Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Different Depths

Establishment of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings is often restricted by competition from vegetation, drought, and damage by pine weevils. In this study, effects of mulching on these factors were investigated. Norway spruce seedlings were planted on fresh and 1-year-old clearcuts treated with mulch on three sites in southern Sweden. Mulch was made of slash from the old stand and applied on whole blocks at three different depths: 0, 10, and 20 cm. Both insecticide-treated and untreated seedlings were planted. By reducing the competing vegetation and improving soil moisture and mineralization, mulching created a favorable growth environment. Mulching significantly improved growth in terms of height, diameter, and volume of the seedlings. Growth continued to increase over time in mulched treatments, probably as an effect of increased nutrient availability. The 20 cm mulch layer generated the greatest increase in growth throughout the 10-year experimental period. Soil moisture was preserved under the isolating mulch layer and during periods of drought soil water potential was significantly higher in mulched treatments. After 2 years, percent cover of competing vegetation was 50%–60% without mulch and 10%–20% with a mulch depth of 20 cm. Insecticide-treated seedlings achieved a survival rate close to 100% in all mulching treatments, whereas survival among untreated seedlings was only 40% on some clearcuts. Mulching alone did not affect survival or abundance of pine weevils.

Natural regeneration of Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch under Norway spruce shelterwoods of varying densities on a mesic-dry site in southern Sweden

2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Pelle Gemmel ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Matts Karlsson ◽  
Torkel Welander
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Southern Sweden

scholarly journals Variation in growth of Norway spruce in the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Abstract Provenance experiments traditionally provide information on genetic variation within tree species in adaptation ability and other traits important for commercial forestry. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations of Nor­way spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) at four common-garden sites of the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series at the age close to half of rotation. Because stand density varied among sites, we analyzed stand density-adjusted basal area (BA) and quadratic mean diameter (Dq). The examined prove­nances varied significantly in both analyzed traits. We identi­fied provenances that performed consistently better or worse than average across all four sites. Among the well-growing and possibly adaptive seed sources were those from the uplands of the eastern and central Poland, Sudety Mts, and from the regi­on of Istebna in Beskid Mts. Performance of the other populati­ons from Beskid Mountains was average to poor, and all high-altitude populations were poor-growing. The results of this study help to verify the knowledge of genetic variation pattern among Norway spruce populations in Poland, and to guide management decisions regarding spruce planting material.

scholarly journals The Dynamics and Variability of Radial Growth in Provenance Trials of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Within and Beyond the Hot Margins of its Natural Range

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neculae ȘOFLETEA ◽  
Alexandru Lucian CURTU ◽  
Mihai Liviu DAIA ◽  
Marius BUDEANU
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Natural Range

Multi-site field trials provide valuable data for the investigation of possible effects of environmental changes on forest tree species. We analyze the descendants of plus trees from 33 Norway spruce seed sources of Romanian Carpathians, at age 30, in four comparative field trials: two established in the natural range of species and two outside of it. The dynamics and variation of radial growth, earlywood and latewood were analyzed. The influence of populations, site conditions and climatic factors were also quantified. The provenances response in the four comparative trials was asymmetric for mean radial growth, but its dynamics was less favourable outside of the natural range. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.001) between the testing sites, but non-significant (P<0.05) for the populations. Populations x localities interaction was high (P<0.001) in the first half of the testing period, but decreased over time, becoming not significant at the age of 30. At intra-populational level, the average coefficient of variation for radial growth was higher outside the natural range, whereas the proportion of latewood decreased. The temperature in the first half of the growing season negatively influenced (P<0.001) the radial increment, but in the latewood proportion significat effects (PË‚0.05) were recorded only in trials located outside of the natural range. An increased variability of radial growth and a decrease of latewood proportion are expected in Norway spruce stands located at lower altitudes, towards the limits of the natural range. Our results may contribute to the sustainable management of Norway spruce forests within and outside its natural range.

Growth, wood chemistry, and fibre length of Norway spruce in a long-term nutrient optimization experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Riikka Piispanen ◽  
Satu Lehto ◽  
Johanna Metsometsä ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Lignin Concentration

The study was performed as part of a nutrient optimization experiment at Asa in southern Sweden. The experiment was established 1987, in a Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand planted in 1975. In the nutrient optimization treatment (IL), all essential macro- and micronutrients were supplied, with irrigation water, every second day during the growing season. In October 2003, nine trees were harvested on both untreated control and IL plots. The IL treatment increased annual ring width during the first years of the experiment by ca. 30% and cumulative cross-sectional area 1.5-fold by the end of the experiment. Tracheid length was, however, not affected by the IL treatment. The nitrogen concentration of wood increased and starch concentration decreased as an effect of the IL treatment, suggesting that carbon was allocated to growth rather than storage. The IL treatment increased lignin concentration of wood by 3.4%. Chemical composition varied at different heights along the stem, but with no apparent trend.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris Seedlings of Various origins to Heterobasidion annosum and H. parviporum

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Tālis Gaitnieks
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Five-year-old Norway spruce and four-year-old Scots pine seedlings of various origin were inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and H. parviporum to estimate whether the susceptibility of seedlings to Heterobasidion was affected by origin of seeds. In total, 520 spruce and 538 pine seedlings from different seed sources and provenance regions of Latvia were tested. Four months after inoculation the fungal growth was measured. The results highlight differences between development of H. annosum and H. parviporum in spruce and pine seedlings. We did not find any seed source that was more resistant than others.

scholarly journals Modeling early height growth in trials of genetically improved Norway spruce and Scots pine in southern Sweden

Silva Fennica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Egbäck ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Kenneth Nyström ◽  
Karl-Anders Högberg ◽  
Nils Fahlvik
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Genetically Improved
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