scholarly journals Heritabilities, Intertrait Genetic Correlations, G x E Interaction and Predicted Genetic Gains for Acoustic Velocity in Mid-rotation Coastal Douglas fir

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama ◽  
T. Z. Ye ◽  
G. T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Type B ◽  
The North ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Oregon Cascades

AbstractAcoustic velocity (AV) data from 7,423 coastal Douglas-fir trees drawn from 347 wind-pollinated families on 14 sites, from four first-generation testing programs in the north Oregon Cascades, were analyzed. Families were measured on two or four sites at ages 23 to 41 years from seed using the Fakopp TreeSonic standingtree tool. Height (HT) and DBH data collected at ages 15 and 16 from seed, from all trees in the four programs (95,795 trees, 955 families), were used to calculate volume index (VOL = HT*DBH2) and stem taper (TAP = DBH/HT). All traits were analyzed using multivariate mixed model analyses.Across-site individual narrow-sense heritabilities for AV2ranged from 0.24 to 0.40 among first-generation programs, compared to 0.12 to 0.23 for HT, 0.10 to 0.16 for DBH, 0.11 to 0.20 for VOL and 0.14 to 0.17 for TAP.Across-site type B correlations for AV2ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, compared to 0.62 to 0.83 for HT, 0.60 to 0.74 for DBH, 0.67 to 0.78 for VOL and 0.66 to 0.79 for TAP. AV2was negatively correlated with HT in three programs (rA= 0.17 to −0.28), and negatively correlated with DBH (−0.12 to −0.46), VOL (−0.05 to −0.44) and TAP (−0.09 to −0.40) in all four programs.Selecting the top 10% of the families sampled based on AV2gave predicted gains of 4.4% to 9.6% for AV2and −9.3% to 10.6% for VOL. The adverse genetic correlations between AV2and growth, and the losses in gain in AV2from selection based on growth, may be overestimated by suppression of slower-growing families in these older tests.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals Cooperative Second-Cycle Breeding and Testing of Coastal Douglas-fir in the US Pacific Northwest: Strategy, Implementation, and Operational Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
KJS Jayawickrama ◽  
TZ Ye
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Rating Score ◽  
The Us ◽  
Operational Aspects ◽  
Trial Series

AbstractThe second cycle of cooperative breeding and testing of coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington was started around 1992. By 2020 the bulk of testing is nearing completion, while the latest program in southern Oregon and NW California is scheduled to run through 2035. A total of 109 first-generation programs were consolidated into nine second- cycle breeding and testing cooperatives (with 15 testing zones); 136 tests are planned, of which 120 have already been established. Between five and eight tests are established per trial series. Trials established to date have contained from 50 to 283 full-sib crosses. In total, the Douglas-fir breeding effort will be comprised of over 2,900 crosses, of which 2,500 have already been established in the field. A total of about 349,000 test trees are to be planted, with over 310,000 already planted.Tests typically get three main measurements when the trees are 3 (or 4), 7 and 12 years old from seed. (1) Age-3 or 4: progression of budburst, on a 1 to 5 rating score, when roughly 50 % of the seedlings have broken bud, on one or two sites per trial series. (2) Age-7: height (height pole), dbh, stem sinuosity in the second internode from the top, number of incidences of stem forking, number of incidences of ramicorn branching and (3) Age-12: height (vertex), dbh, stem sinuosity in the second internode from the top, number of incidences of stem forking, number of incidences of ramicorn branching, second flushing yes\no in current year, and wood acoustic velocity (in some trial series).

A Mixed-Model Approach to Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Barley on the Basis of Multiple Environment Data

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 2043-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Piepho
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Qtl By Environment Interaction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Qtl Effects

AbstractIn this article, I propose a mixed-model method to detect QTL with significant mean effect across environments and to characterize the stability of effects across multiple environments. I demonstrate the method using the barley dataset by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project. The analysis raises the need for mixed modeling in two different ways. First, it is reasonable to regard environments as a random sample from a population of target environments. Thus, environmental main effects and QTL-by-environment interaction effects are regarded as random. Second, I expect a genetic correlation among pairs of environments caused by undetected QTL. I show how random QTL-by-environment effects as well as genetic correlations are straightforwardly handled in a mixed-model framework. The main advantage of this method is the ability to assess the stability of QTL effects. Moreover, the method allows valid statistical inferences regarding average QTL effects.

scholarly journals Realized Gains from Block-Plot Coastal Douglas-Fir Trials in the Northern Oregon Cascades

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Z. Ye ◽  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama ◽  
J. B. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Oregon Cascades

AbstractRealized gains for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were evaluated using data collected from 15-year-old trees from five field trials planted in large block plots in the northern Oregon Cascades. Three populations with different genetic levels (elite - high predicted gain; intermediate - moderate predicted gain; and unimproved - wild seedlot) were compared at two planting spacings (1.8 × 1.8 m and 3.6 × 3.6 m). The realized gains at age 15 averaged over both the elite and intermediate progeny were 17.2% for stand volume per hectare, 3.5% for mean height, and 4.3% for diameter, compared to predicted genetic gains of 16.0% for volume, 5.4% for height, and 6.4% for diameter. Realized and predicted gains correlated well at the family level, with an average correlation coefficient close to 0.80. The improved populations also had higher survival rate and lower stem sinuosity than the unimproved population. Strong genetic level × planting spacing interaction effects were revealed for the growth traits at age 15 using mixed model analyses. Realized gains for stand per-hectare volume and mean growth rate were at least twice as large in the elite population as in the intermediate population at the close spacing. By contrast, both populations performed similarly at the wide spacing. This indicates that the selected genetic materials responded differently to the changes of competitive environment, and realized gain trials should closely mimic operational plantations in order to provide valid estimates of realized gains. Realized gains in per-hectare volume varied greatly among test sites. No significant genetic level x site interactions were found for any traits.

Influence of climate on annual changes in Douglas-fir stem taper

Trees ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jones ◽  
C. A. Harrington ◽  
J. B. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Annual Changes

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in size-structured populations using fishery data: an application to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikihiko Kai ◽  
James T. Thorson ◽  
Kevin R. Piner ◽  
Mark N. Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Isurus Oxyrinchus ◽  
Shortfin Mako ◽  
Catch Rates

We develop a length-disaggregated, spatiotemporal, delta-generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and apply the method to fishery-dependent catch rates of shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the North Pacific. The spatiotemporal model may provide an improvement over conventional time-series and spatially stratified models by yielding more precise and biologically interpretable estimates of abundance. Including length data may provide additional information to better understand life history and habitat partitioning for marine species. Nominal catch rates were standardized using a GLMM framework with spatiotemporal and length composition data. The best-fitting model showed that most hotspots for “immature” shortfin mako occurred in the coastal waters of Japan, while hotspots for “subadult and adult” occurred in the offshore or coastal waters of Japan. We also found that size-specific catch rates provide an indication that there has been a recent increasing trend in stock abundance since 2008.

Response of aboveground biomass increment, growth efficiency, and foliar nutrients to thinning, fertilization, and pruning in young Douglas-fir plantations in the central Oregon Cascades

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Velazquez-Martinez ◽  
David A. Perry ◽  
Tom E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The effect of thinning and cultural practices (multinutrient fertilization, pruning) on total aboveground biomass increment and growth efficiency was studied over three consecutive 2-year periods (1981–1987) in young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations. Net aboveground biomass increment over the 6-year period averaged 14.5, 7.8, and 5.5 Mg•ha−1•year−1 for the high-, medium-, and low-density plots, respectively. Growth efficiency, after dropping sharply between leaf area indexes of 1 and 6 m2/m2, remained relatively constant up to a leaf area index of 17, the highest measured. Consequently, aboveground biomass increment continued to increase at leaf area indexes well above that at which the Beer–Lambert law predicts maximum light should be absorbed. Foliage analyses indicate that thinning improved nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium nutrition and increased the translocation of potassium from 1-year-old foliage to support new growth. However, fertilization increased foliar nitrogen and phosphorus contents only when coupled with pruning, suggesting that trees favor total leaf area over individual needle nutrition. Indications of potassium and magnesium limitations in this study are supported by other recent studies in Douglas-fir. Further work on the role of multinutrient deficiencies in this species is warranted.

scholarly journals Early Realized Genetic Gains for Coastal Douglas-Fir in the Northern Oregon Cascades

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley St. Clair ◽  
Nancy L. Mandel ◽  
Keith J. S. Jayawickrama
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains ◽  
Oregon Cascades

Abstract Block-plot realized genetic gain trials were established for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) at five sites in the northern Oregon Cascades. The long-term objectives of these trials are to explore the growth trajectories and productivity of genetically improved stands and their relationship to predicted genetic gains based on performance in progeny tests. Measurements 5 years after planting provide an opportunity for an early assessment of realized genetic gains as compared to predicted gains and provide data for determining the number of replicates needed to detect statistically significant differences between improved and unimproved populations using large block plots. Results indicate that progress from selection and breeding of Douglas-fir is readily achievable, and realized genetic gains 5 years after planting are similar to those predicted based on results from progeny tests. Realized genetic gains were about 6% for height, 8% for diameter, and 28% for stem volume, compared to predicted genetic gains of about 8% for height, 7% for diameter, and 25% for stem volume. Large numbers of replicates (30–50) are required to detect statistically significant differences in height and diameter between improved and unimproved populations given genetic gains expected in a typical tree improvement program. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):195–201.

scholarly journals Secular trends in reported portion size of food and beverages consumed by Irish adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 1148-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinead A. O'Brien ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Jacqueline Lyons ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Nationally Representative

The present analysis aimed to investigate the changes in the reported portion sizes (PS) of foods and beverages commonly consumed by Irish adults (18–64 years) from the North South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS) (1997–2001) and the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–10). Food PS, which are defined as the weight of food (g) consumed per eating occasion, were calculated for comparable foods and beverages in two nationally representative cross-sectional Irish food consumption surveys and were published in NSIFCS and NANS. Repeated measure mixed model analysis compared reported food PS at the total population level as well as subdivided by sex, age, BMI and social class. A total of thirteen commonly consumed foods were examined. The analysis demonstrated that PS significantly increased for five foods (‘white sliced bread’, ‘brown/wholemeal breads’, ‘all meat, cooked’, ‘poultry, roasted’ and ‘milk’), significantly decreased for three (‘potatoes’, ‘chips/wedges’ and ‘ham, sliced’) and did not significantly change for five foods (‘processed potato products’, ‘bacon/ham’, ‘cheese’, ‘yogurt’ and ‘butter/spreads’) between the NSIFCS and the NANS. The present study demonstrates that there was considerable variation in the trends in reported food PS over this period.

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