Incentives to promote the US pharmaceutical innovation: empirical research based on the case of Epogen

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Ji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
The Us

Patent reform in the US: what's at stake for pharmaceutical innovation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Yancey ◽  
Charles Neal Stewart Jr
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Improve the Innovation Performance of J pharmaceutial Through the Adjustment of Innovation Strategy Driven by Digtil Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Environment Adaptation ◽  
Innovation Ability ◽  
Key Resources

This thesis reviews and fully understands the current situation of J pharmaceutical according to a empirical research,which has been carried out by corresponding investigation and research on the design of questionnaires for Jingfeng Pharmaceutical's investment in innovation resources, the construction of innovation capabilities, digital transformation, innovation environment adaptation and facing, and innovation performance improvement. After research, it is found that there is a lot of space for improvement in the adaptation and facing of the innovation environment of J pharmaceutical, and the construction of innovation ability is also a short board. The digital transformation needs to be broken through urgently. Enhance J pharmaceutical innovation ability, comprehensively build J pharmaceutical innovation ability of culturally, technically, and managerially; Accelerate digital transformation, and then continue to increase the input of key resources, especially the training and introduction of talents, and key facilities. In order to adapt to and face the rapidly changing market environment under the digital economy, J pharmaceutical can improve the corporate performance.

scholarly journals A kockázat szerepe a könyvvizsgálatban = The role of risk in external audits

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Gergely Mohl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
High Quality ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Concept

A tanulmány a kockázatnak és a kockázatok felmérésének az éves beszámolók (pénzügyi kimutatások) könyvvizsgálatban betöltött szerepével foglalkozik. A modern könyvvizsgálat – belső és külső korlátainál fogva – nem létezhet a vizsgált vállalkozás üzleti kockázatainak felmérése nélkül. Olyannyira igaz ez, hogy a szakma alapvető szabályait lefektető nemzeti és nemzetközi standardok is kötelező jelleggel előírják az ügyfelek üzleti kockázatainak megismerését. Mindez nem öncélú tevékenység, hanem éppen ez jelenti a könyvvizsgálat kiinduló magját: a kockázatbecslés – a tervezés részeként – az audit végrehajtásának alapja, és egyben vezérfonala. A szerző először bemutatja a könyvvizsgálat és a kockázat kapcsolatának alapvonásait, azt, hogy miként jelenik meg egyáltalán a kockázat problémája a könyvvizsgálatban. Ezt követően a különféle kockázatalapú megközelítéseket tárgyalja, majd néhány főbb elem kiragadásával ábrázolja a kockázatkoncepció beágyazódását a szakmai szabályozásba. Végül – mintegy az elmélet tesztjeként – bemutatja a kockázatmodell gyakorlati alkalmazásának néhány aspektusát. ______ The study examines the role of risk and the assessment of risks in the external audit of financial statements. A modern audit – due to its internal and external limitations – cannot exist without the assessment of the business risk of the entity being audited. This is not a l’art pour l’art activity but rather the very core of the audit. It is – as part of the planning of the audit – a guideline to the whole auditing process. This study has three main sections. The first one explains the connection between audit and risk, the second discusses the different risk based approaches to auditing and the embeddedness of the risk concept into professional regulation. Finally – as a test of theory – some practical aspects of the risk model are discussed through the lens of former empirical research carried out mostly in the US. The conclusion of the study is that though risk based models of auditing have many weaknesses they still result in the most effective and efficient high quality audits.

scholarly journals Franchising And The Society: The Case Of Franchising In The Hotel Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ramon Diaz-Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Territorial Rights

Franchising is a major trend in the hotel industry. Despite the fact that almost two thirds of branded hotels in the US are franchised there is a distinct lack of empirical research on franchising in the hospitality industry. In this article we have reviewed one of the most relevant lines of research in franchising literature usually referred as franchising and the society, and we have concentrated on analyzing one of the most controversial issues in this line of research: the territorial rights in hotel franchising contracts. The paper identifies the main sources of conflict when dealing with territorial rights in hotel franchising contracts.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Cristina Lafont
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
The Us

According to recent empirical research, the US is no longer a democracy. Technically, it is an oligarchy. Benjamin Page and Martin Gilens arrived at this alarming conclusion by using a quite straightforward democratic standard, namely, the extent to which most citizens’ political preferences and beliefs actually influence public policy....

scholarly journals Constructing a Dual-Subjectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Brian David Lozenski
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Africana Studies ◽  
The Us

This article explores the outcomes of using participatory action research with youth (YPAR) as an entry point into Africana Studies. The author draws from empirical research and anecdotal narratives to document a program where youth of African descent in the US engage in Ethnic Studies through the lens of action research. Beginning with a tracing of the development of Ethnic Studies in the US, the author shows how combining Ethnic Studies and YPAR builds a dual-subjectivity within youth where they are subjects of their own curricular exploration and simultaneously developing a subjectivity as researchers and knowledge producers. The article highlights three major implications of this dual-subjectivity for the political agency of youth of African descent living in a midsized US city.

scholarly journals A ‘delirium tremens’: Italian-language film versions and early dubbings by Paramount, MGM, and Fox (1930–3)

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-176
Author(s):  
Carla Mereu Keating
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Us ◽  
Critical Turning Point

This chapter sheds new light on the strategies that Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Fox developed in the early 1930s to target the Italian-speaking market. It documents how the Italian government, local film traders, and the press responded to the majors’ Italian-language production during a critical turning point for the national film industry. The chapter draws on a range of historical records (diplomatic, censorship and administrative state documents, film prints, press reviews, and other publicity materials) from Italian and North-American archives. The findings show that the majors’ experiments with Italian dubbing and versioning were not always successful and elicited ambivalent responses in Italy; the findings also demonstrate the gradual emergence of dubbing as the most commercially viable solution for both the US majors and the Italian establishment. Incongruities in the archival records, and the scarcity of surviving film prints, pose interpretative problems and call for further empirical research in the field.

scholarly journals 2016 HES PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: STATISTICAL INFERENCE IN ECONOMICS, 1920–1965: CHANGES IN MEANING AND PRACTICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cowles Commission ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

I review changes over time in the meaning that economists in the US attributed to the phrase “statistical inference,” as well as changes in how inference was conducted. Prior to WWII, leading statistical economists rejected probability theory as a source of measures and procedures to be used in statistical inference. Trygve Haavelmo and the early Cowles Commission econometricians developed an approach to statistical inference based on probability theory, but the arguments they offered in defense of this approach were not always responsive to the concerns of earlier empirical economists that the data available to economists did not satisfy the assumptions required for such an approach. Despite this, after a period of about twenty-five years, a consensus developed that methods of inference derived from probability theory were an almost essential part of empirical research in economics. I conclude with some speculation on possible reasons for this transformation in thinking about statistical inference.

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