Interactions among cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, dryland crown rot Fusarium culmorum, and drought on grain yield components and disease severity in bread wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Ahmadi ◽  
Neda mirakhorli ◽  
Gul Erginbas-Orakci ◽  
Omid Ansari ◽  
Hans-Joachim Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
Heterodera Filipjevi

scholarly journals Yield Loss in Cereals, Caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum, Is Related to Fungal DNA in Soil Prior to Planting, Rainfall, and Cereal Type

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
M. L. Evans ◽  
H. Wallwork ◽  
C. B. Dyson ◽  
A. C. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Yield Losses

In southeastern Australia, Fusarium crown rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum or F. pseudograminearum, is an increasingly important disease of cereals. Because in-crop control options are limited, it is important for growers to know prior to planting which fields are at risk of yield loss from crown rot. Understanding the relationships between crown rot inoculum and yield loss would assist in assessing the risk of yield loss from crown rot in fields prior to planting. Thirty-five data sets from crown rot management experiments conducted in the states of South Australia and Victoria during the years 2005 to 2010 were examined. Relationships between Fusarium spp. DNA concentrations (inoculum) in soil samples taken prior to planting and disease development and grain yield were evaluated in seasons with contrasting seasonal rainfall. F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum DNA concentrations in soil prior to planting were found to be positively related to crown rot expression (stem browning and whiteheads) and negatively related to grain yield of durum wheat, bread wheat, and barley. Losses from crown rot were greatest when rainfall during September and October (crop maturation) was below the long-term average. Losses from crown rot were greater in durum wheat than bread wheat and least in barley. Yield losses from F. pseudograminearum were similar to yield losses from F. culmorum. Yield loss patterns were consistent across experiments and between states; therefore, it is reasonable to expect that similar relationships will occur over broad geographic areas. This suggests that quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology and soil sampling could be powerful tools for assessing crown rot inoculum concentrations prior to planting and predicting the risk of yield loss from crown rot wherever this disease is an issue.

Relationship of grain micronutrient concentrations and grain yield components in a doubled haploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantshiuwa C. Lephuthing ◽  
Vicki L. Tolmay ◽  
Timmy A. Baloyi ◽  
Tsepiso Hlongoane ◽  
Tebogo A. Oliphant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
Relationship Of

Genetic variation of bread wheat accessions in response to the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Moatamedi ◽  
Eidi Bazgir ◽  
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani ◽  
Mostafa Darvishnia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Heterodera Filipjevi ◽  
Simple Sequence

Summary Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, produces large edible grains and is consumed by 75% of the world’s populations. Cereal cyst nematodes have a global distribution and cause significant economic yield losses in many countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new resistance sources. In this study, the genetic diversity of 43 wheat accessions in response to cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi Isfahan pathotype, was assessed using a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. Seven primers were used, out of which five primers showed polymorphisms. Alleles per primer varied from one to three per locus (mean 2.85). The highest and lowest polymorphic information content of 0.81 and 0.44 (mean 0.66) were related to Xgwm 3012DL and Xgwm147, respectively. Genetic similarity was 29-88% between accessions. SSR analysis divided the accessions into five main groups. Resistant cultivars ‘Bam’ and ‘Behrang’ possessed both Cre1 and Cre8 resistant genes. The Cre3 and Cat genes were partially sequenced in five cultivars of different responses to H. filipjevi. The nucleotide sequences were compared to Cre3 and Cat homologues, indicating 93-100% and 86-92% homology, respectively. The MEGA program showed highest similarity of Cre3 and Cat genes amplified with the resistance gene analogues (RGA14) in the wheat and Cat3-A1 gene in ‘Carnamah’. This research showed that SRR markers could efficiently verify genetic diversity between wheat accessions, and the known resistance genes (Cre genes) against the cereal cyst nematodes could not control the H. filipjevi Isfahan pathotype populations, except the Cre1 gene.

scholarly journals Epistasis for Three Grain Yield Components in Rice (Oryxa sativa L.)

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikang Li ◽  
Shannon R M Pinson ◽  
William D Park ◽  
Andrew H Paterson ◽  
James W Stansel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

The genetic basis for three grain yield components of rice, 1000 kernel weight (KW), grain number per panicle (GN), and grain weight per panicle (GWP), was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and F4 progeny testing from a cross between rice subspecies japonica (cultivar Lemont from USA) and indica (cv. Teqing from China). Following identification of 19 QTL affecting these traits, we investigated the role of epistasis in genetic control of these phenotypes. Among 63 markers distributed throughout the genome that appeared to be involved in 79 highly significant (P < 0.001) interactions, most (46 or 73%) did not appear to have “main” effects on the relevant traits, but influenced the trait(s) predominantly through interactions. These results indicate that epistasis is an important genetic basis for complex traits such as yield components, especially traits of low heritability such as GN and GWP. The identification of epistatic loci is an important step toward resolution of discrepancies between quantitative trait loci mapping and classical genetic dogma, contributes to better understanding of the persistence of quantitative genetic variation in populations, and impels reconsideration of optimal mapping methodology and marker-assisted breeding strategies for improvement of complex traits.

A GWAS to identify the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) resistance loci in diverse wheat prebreeding lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Dababat ◽  
Mian Abdur Rehman Arif ◽  
Halil Toktay ◽  
Osameh Atiya ◽  
Sajid Shokat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Filipjevi

scholarly journals First Report of the Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera filipjevi on Wheat in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oro ◽  
S. Živković ◽  
Ž. Ivanović ◽  
L. Waeyenberge
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Important Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Heterodera Filipjevi

The most globally recognized and economically important nematode on wheat is the cereal cyst nematode (CCN) complex (1). One of the most important species of this group is Heterodera filipjevi (Madžidov, 1981) Mulvey and Golden, 1983. During regular soil quarantine control in September 2010, Heterodera sp. cysts were found in soil samples originating from a wheat field in Gunaroš, Vojvodina Province, in northern Serbia. The wheat was a winter crop grown in a dryland production system and had an average cyst density of 2.50/100 cm3 of soil. Morphologically, the cysts were golden brown and lemon shaped with a posterior protuberance. The vulval cone was bifenestrate with horseshoe-shaped semifenestra, bullae, and underbridge. Cyst measurements (n = 30) ranged as follows: cyst length (without neck): 511.50 to 899.00 μm, cyst width: 201.50 to 682.00 μm, fenestral length: 44.80 to 65.60 μm, fenestral width: 24.00 to 40.00 μm, vulval bridge length: 12.80 to 20.80 μm, vulval bridge width: 6.40 to 14.40 μm, vulval slit: 6.00 to 12.80 μm, and underbridge length: 60.00 to 112.00 μm. The second-stage juveniles had an offset head, stylet with characteristic anchor-shaped basal knobs, four incisures, and a conical tail with a rounded tip. The J2 morphometrics (n = 30) were: length: 447.30 to 611.10 μm, width: 22.40 to 25.60 μm, stylet: 20.80 to 24.00 μm, tail length: 56.00 to 68.80 μm, tail width: 14.40 to 19.20 μm, and hyaline length: 35.20 to 44.80 μm. The ITS region was used for molecular analysis. Each DNA sample was extracted from a single cyst. Sequencing was done with primers TW81 and AB28 (2). In comparison with other H. filipjevi populations, the obtained sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX235959) revealed 99 to 100% similarity. Morphological and molecular data confirmed the existence of H. filipjevi. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of H. filipjevi from Serbia. Since wheat has important socioeconomic value for Serbia, after extensive surveys, additional phytosanitary measures may be necessary to prevent the spread of this parasite. References: (1) J. M. Nicol et al. Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture. Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions, Springer, New York, 2011. (2) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007.

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