Yield losses in barley cultivars caused by spot blotch

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Barley Cultivars

scholarly journals The In-Silico Development of DNA Markers for Breeding of Spring Barley Varieties That Are Resistant to Spot Blotch in Russia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Irina V. Rozanova ◽  
Nina M. Lashina ◽  
Vadim M. Efimov ◽  
Olga S. Afanasenko ◽  
Elena K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
The Impact

The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus Drechs. Ex Dastur, anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is one of the most common barley pathogens worldwide and causes spot blotch and root rot in barley. Spot blotch is considered to be the major biotic stress hampering the commercial production of barley. During high disease severity, which occurs in the northwestern region of Russia once every three to four years, yield losses for barley may reach 40%. An increase in common root rot severity results in yield losses that can reach 80%. The goal of the current study was to identify significant markers that can be employed as diagnostic DNA markers to breed C. sativus pathogen-resistant varieties of barley. In 94 spring barley cultivars and lines, the resistance of seedlings and adult plants to the impact of C. sativus on their leaves and roots was investigated. Five genomic regions associated with resistance to Spot blotch were identified (on chromosome 1H (50–61.2 cM), 2H (68.7–69.68 cM), 3H (18.72–26.18 cM), 7H (7.52–15.44 cM)). No significant loci were determined to be associated with root rot. According to obtained data, 11 significant SNPs were converted into KASP markers and 6 markers located on chromosome 3H were determined to possess good accuracy and the potential to be employed in marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of Loci Conferring Susceptibility to Spot Blotch and Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Using the Sequencing-Based Genotyping Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiang Leng ◽  
Mingxia Zhao ◽  
Jason Fiedler ◽  
Antonín Dreiseitl ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Trait Locus

Spot blotch (SB) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei are two important diseases of barley. To map genetic loci controlling susceptibility and resistance to these diseases, a mapping population consisting of 138 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between Bowman and ND5883. A genetic map was constructed for the population with 852 unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by sequencing-based genotyping. Bowman and ND5883 showed distinct infection responses at the seedling stage to two isolates (ND90Pr and ND85F) of Bipolaris sorokiniana and one isolate (Race I) of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Genetic analysis of the RILs revealed that one major gene (Scs6) controls susceptibility to Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND90Pr, and another major gene (Mla8) confers resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate Race I, respectively. Scs6 was mapped on chromosome 1H of Bowman, as previously reported. Mla8 was also mapped to the short arm of 1H, which was tightly linked but not allelic to the Rcs6/Scs6 locus. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two QTLs, QSbs-1H-P1 and QSbs-7H-P1, responsible for susceptibility to spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND85F in ND5883, which are located on chromosome 1H and 7H, respectively. QSbs-7H-P1 was mapped to the same region as Rcs5, whereas QSbs-1H-P1 may represent a novel allele conferring seedling stage susceptibility to isolate ND85F. Identification and molecular mapping of the loci for SB susceptibility and PM resistance will facilitate development of barley cultivars with resistance to the diseases.

Differential effects of spot blotch on photosynthesis and grain yield in two barley cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Hoffman ◽  
Luis Viega ◽  
Nicolás Glison ◽  
Ariel Castro ◽  
Sylvia Pereyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Barley Cultivars

scholarly journals Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
The Mean

Soil-borne infection of Bipolaris sorokiniana caused foot and root rot in all spring barley cultivars studied. Significant differences in susceptibility of the cultivars and pathogenicity of the fungus isolates were found. Primary symptoms caused by the fungus were seedling blight, later foot and root rot. Yield losses caused by the fungus varied from 3 % to 33 % the mean being c. 15 %. Yield losses could occur without severe disease symptoms. Toxic metabolites produced by the fungus induced visible foot and root symptoms in all cultivars tested and caused lesions in the leaves of some cultivars. Variability in toxin production of fungus isolates as well as the reaction of a cultivar to toxins was demonstrated. The cultivars most susceptible to soil-borne infection by the fungus also showed the most severe symptoms when exposed to toxic metabolites of the fungus.

Association of Lr 34 gene complex with spot blotch disease resistance at molecular level in wheat (T. aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar ◽  
Suneel Kumar ◽  
Ravi P. Singh ◽  
Arun Kumar Joshi ◽  
Marion S. Röder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
The World

Leaf rust and spot blotch are among most important wheat diseases causing substantial yield losses in several parts of the world. The studies at phenotypic level suggested that, leaf tip necrosis (LTN) not only associated with multi fungal resistance gene Lr34 but also confer spot blotch resistance. This LTN – spot blotch association has not been tested at molecular level and hardly validated in different genetic backgrounds. A total of 87 near isogenic lines (NILs) segregating for Lr34 gene were evaluated for spot blotch resistance and genotyped with the molecular markers linked to QTL QSb.bhu-7D. A set of 147 advanced breeding lines was also evaluated for spot blotch besides being genotyped with markers belonging to Lr34 genic region. Out of 14 markers located on chromosome 7D, four markers segregated in NILs. The genotypic and phenotypic results indicated that the markers reportedly linked with spot blotch differentiate Lr34+ and Lr34- lines and vice versa. This supports the hypothesis that Lr34, Yr18 and QSb.bhu-7D lies in the same gene region. Hence, the linked markers may be used to select both for Lr34 and spot blotch resistant lines.

Reactions of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars to mechanical inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta McKelvy ◽  
Monica Brelsford ◽  
Jamie Sherman ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes sporadic epidemics in Montana which can threaten profitability of the state’s small grains production. One challenge for WSMV management in Montana is that most commercially available wheat and barley cultivars are susceptible to WSMV or their performance under WSMV pressure is unknown. In a three-year field study from 2017 to 2019 winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to WSMV and yield performance under WSMV pressure. Plants were mechanically inoculated and WSMV incidence was assessed using DAS-ELISA. There was effective resistance to WSMV in breeding line CO12D922, which had consistently low WSMV incidence, highlighting promising efforts in the development of WSMV-resistant winter wheat cultivars. Moderate WSMV incidence and minor yield losses were observed from WSMV infection of commercial winter wheat ‘Brawl CL Plus’ and MSU breeding line MTV1681. Spring wheat cultivars in this study had high WSMV incidence of up to 100 % in ‘Duclair,’ ‘Egan,’ and ‘McNeal.’ High WSMV incidence was associated with severe yield losses as high as 85 % for Duclair and ‘WB9879CL’ in 2019, demonstrating a high degree of susceptibility to WSMV inoculation. Barley cultivars had considerably lower WSMV incidence compared to spring and winter wheat. Grain yield response to WSMV inoculation was variable between barley cultivars. The study provided an experimental basis for cultivar recommendations for high WSMV pressure environments and identified breeding lines and cultivars with potential resistance traits of interest to breeding programs that aim to develop WSMV-resistant cultivars.

Structure of Polish isolates ofBipolaris sorokinianaand effect of different pathotypes on spot blotch severity of selected spring barley cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
M. Cegiełko ◽  
M. Wit ◽  
I. Kiecana ◽  
W. Wakuliński ◽  
E. Mielniczuk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Barley Cultivars

ETUDE DE LA TOLERANCE DE CULTIVARS D’ORGE A LA TACHE HELMINTHOSPORIENNE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DOSTALER ◽  
G. J. PELLETIER ◽  
L. COUTURE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Key Words Barley

This study was conducted to assess tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars to spot blotch. The barley cultivars Parkland, Bonanza and Laurier inoculated with spores of Bipolaris sorokiniana developed approximately the same level of spot blotch symptoms in the field. Natural disease development was minimal in plots treated with mancozeb; it was intermediate in uninoculated and untreated plots. Reduction of grain yield and grain weight differed with each cultivar. Disease had the most depressing effects on Parkland. Disease severity was highest on Laurier which suffered the least decrease in grain yield and grain weight compared to the checks. Yield and seed weight of Bonanza were not affected by low or moderate disease levels (checks) but were reduced when symptoms were severe (inoculations).Key words: Barley, cultivars, spot blotch, Bipolaris sorokiniana, tolerance, mancozeb

scholarly journals Pathotypes of Cochliobolus sativus on Barley in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valjavec-Gratian ◽  
B. J. Steffenson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
The State ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
East Central ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Japan And China

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, has become an important disease on two-rowed barley cultivars in North Dakota. Information on the variability of virulence in C. sativus is essential for the development of spot blotch-resistant barley germ plasm. To establish the number and distribution of C. sativus virulence types in North Dakota, 22 isolates from the state were evaluated for their virulence on three differential barley genotypes: ND 5883, Bowman, and ND B112. Eleven additional isolates from Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Japan, and China were included for comparison. Three pathotypes were identified from the thirty-three isolates tested based on the infection responses of the three host genotypes. These pathotypes were designated 0, 1, and 2 according to the coded triplet system of nomenclature. In North Dakota, pathotype 0 (exhibits low virulence on all three differentials) comprised 65%, pathotype 2 (exhibits high virulence on Bowman and low virulence on ND 5883 and ND B112) comprised 25%, and pathotype 1 (exhibits high virulence on ND 5883 and low virulence on Bowman and ND B112) comprised 10% of the total number of barley isolates examined. Within North Dakota, pathotype 1 was found in the east-central and northeastern region only, whereas pathotypes 2 and 0 were distributed throughout the state where samples were taken. Isolates with the pathotype 1 virulence pattern were identified in Colorado, Nebraska, Japan, and China. The remaining isolates collected outside North Dakota were pathotype 0. The information obtained from this study will facilitate the deployment of effective resistance to C. sativus in barley.

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