Seedling mortality and development of root rot in white pine seedlings in two bare-root nurseries

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Juzwik ◽  
D.J. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root

scholarly journals Use of triadimefon to control white pine blister rust

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Bare Root

White pine seedlings were treated with triadimefon two weeks prior to natural inoculation with Cronartium ribicola and were observed for two growth seasons. During the second growth season in the greenhouse the incidence of blister rust symptoms was 70.8% for the untreated controls, whereas only 3.8% of the treated seedlings showed symptoms of blister rust. Triadimefon offers effective protection against white pine blister rust infection and would enable the production of bare root seedlings in areas prone to blister rust infection.

scholarly journals High Seedling Mortality of Scots Pine Caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.s.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Tuula Piri ◽  
Eeva J. Vainio ◽  
Heikki Nuorteva ◽  
Jarkko Hantula
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

This study provides new information on the infection biology and pathogenicity of an important root-rot fungus, Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto (Fr.) Bref., through a detailed examination of the vegetative spread of clonal individuals and their capacity to produce fruiting bodies on young pine seedlings. The seedlings were planted in a clear-cutting area (c. 1.2 ha in size) after a pine generation that showed slight external symptoms of Heterobasidion root rot. The first dead seedlings were found five years after planting and during a nine-year monitoring period; nearly 600 seedlings were killed by H. annosum s.s. in 48 individual disease centers. Based on pairing tests of 482 isolates, 117 different H. annosum s.s. genotypes were identified. On average, 2.9 genotypes occurred in a single disease center. The extensive secondary spread of genotypes within root systems (up to 48 pine seedlings infected by the same genotype) resulted in annually expanding disease centers. In addition, more than half of the seedlings killed by H. annosum s.s. produced perennial fruiting bodies thus providing air-borne inoculum. The risk of spore infection should be taken into account in any type of cutting operation in young pine stands. Moreover, new control measures directed towards the secondary spread of H. annosum s.s. in pine regeneration are urgently needed in order to maintain the productivity of the pine forest on infested sites.

Effects of overstory and understory competition and simulated herbivory on growth and survival of white pine seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike R Saunders ◽  
Klaus J Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Brush Control

The interactive impact of overstory canopy closure, understory brush control, and simulated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) herbivory (i.e., clipping) on growth and survival of underplanted white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings was examined. Clipping was conducted in April 1996 and 1997 at three intensities (control, 0% previous year's growth removed; lightly clipped, terminal and 50% previous year's growth removed, and heavily clipped: 100% of previous-year's growth removed) and three frequencies (never clipped, clipped once, clipped 2 years in a row). Decreasing overstory canopy closure and brush competition generally increased growth of seedlings under all clipping regimes, with heavily clipped seedlings showing the least benefit of reduced competition. Although first-year height growth was stimulated after light-intensity clipping, this effect did not persist the following year, and these trees still were significantly shorter than controls at the end of the experiment. Diameter growth was reduced at any clipping intensity or frequency, and remained below controls throughout the experiment. Seedling mortality was higher without brush control and after clipping. Results suggest that increased overstory and understory competition reduced seedling growth and survival. In regards to clipping, initial height growth stimulation may result from (i) resource reallocation away from diameter and root growth and (or) (ii) hormonal redistributions from loss of apical control in the seedling. Since both high competition levels and increased herbivory reduced seedling vigor, we suggest that understory brush control and deer protection (e.g., budcapping) go hand in hand to regenerate white pine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

Impact of Deer Browsing on Regeneration in Mixed Stands in Southern New England

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kittredge ◽  
P. Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Browsing preferences by white-tailed deer were evaluated for 6 tree species in northeastern Connecticut. Deer density averaged 23/mile². Deer exhibited no species-specific preferences for seedlings greater than 19 in. For seedlings less than 19 in., hemlock and black birch were preferred. Red maple, sugar maple, and white pine seedlings were avoided. Red oak seedlings were neither preferred nor avoided. A much higher proportion of seedlings greater than 19.7 in. in height was browsed, regardless of species. Browsing preferences for species in the smaller seedling class, combined with a lack of preference for species in the larger class may result in future stands with less diverse tree species composition. Deer densities in excess of 23/mile² may be incompatible with regeneration of diverse forests in southern New England. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):115-120.

Cylindrocladium root rot in Ontario bare-root nurseries: estimate of spruce seedling losses

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Juzwik ◽  
C. Honhart ◽  
N. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Estimates of cylindrocladium root rot losses in three black and three white spruce compartments at five Ontario bare-root nurseries were determined through visual field assessment and seedling isolation. The causal fungus, Cylindrocladiumfloridanum Sob. & C.P. Seym., was isolated from 10–77% of the symptomatic and 0–28% of the apparently healthy seedlings in each compartment. In five compartments, estimates of mean incidence based on seedling isolations and visual assessment, were higher than those based on visual assessment alone. The percentage of living spruce (apparently healthy or symptomatic) estimated to be infected in each compartment was 0.1–32.7%. No fungus isolations were attempted from dead seedlings. Mortality in the plots in the six compartments was 0.02–17.7%. The correlation between the level of Cylindrocladium incidence and the inoculum density was significant (p < 0.01) in two compartments. The use of inoculum density to predict disease incidence warrants further investigation.

Growing Bare Root Singularized Pine Seedlings in Tapes

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 0966-0971
Author(s):  
Awatif E. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF PRUNING ON WHITE PINE SEEDLINGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
K. T. Logan
Keyword(s):  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

scholarly journals Effect of wood ash mulch on growth of Scots pine seedlings after transplanting into peat soil: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Heiskanen Juha ◽  
Uotila Karri ◽  
Ruhanen Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Wood ash production from power plants and the use of recycled ash for earthworks and forest peatland fertilization have increased markedly in Finland in recent decades. In this study, effects of wood-based ash on potted Scots pine seedlings were tested in a greenhouse. Seedlings were grown for one to two growing periods in peat with ash mulch thicknesses 0–8 cm. Seedlings grew well in ash thicknesses 0–4 cm during the first growing period. Seedling mortality (60%) occurred with the thickest ash mulch. Soluble nutrients in press water extracts were high compared with the control treatment. N and P levels were suboptimal also with ash mulch. During the second growing period, seedling mortality occurred (17%) already with the thinnest ash mulch. The results suggest that ash mulch around seedlings in quantities of less than 0.5 cm (or 7 kg·m<sup>–2</sup>) is feasible and is not detrimental to Scots pine seedlings. The results provide foundation for further field research on the longer-term impacts of wood ash mulch on planted seedlings on boreal forest sites and on the feasibility testing of the mulch as a supplement to or substitute for the soil preparation for seedling planting.

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