Human Trafficking and Sex Industry: Does Ethnicity and Race Matter?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natividad Gutiérrez Chong
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Ethnicity And Race

A neverending stream : human trafficking in Medieval Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher Paolella
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Long Distance

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This study focuses on human trafficking patterns from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Era. I argue that while slavery, as a means of compelling agricultural labor, disappeared across much of Western Europe by the middle of the twelfth century, the commercial sex industry grew. As slavery died out, the slave trade withered across Western Europe and gradually reoriented itself around the Mediterranean basin. Yet, human trafficking networks remained in Western Europe, if in attenuated form. They continued to supply a smaller, but no less persistent, labor demand that was now fueled by brothels and prostitution rings instead of agriculture. I argue further that the experiences of women link the sex trade and the slave trade, and that twelfth-century socio-economic development linked the earlier long-distance slave trade and the local and regional trafficking networks of the later Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Stop traffick: Tackling demand for sexual services of trafficked women and girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Edward Keegan ◽  
Nusha Yonkova
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Sexual Services

The research focuses on the characteristic, knowledge, and experiences of buyers of sex, focusing on human trafficking and exploitation. Recognising that those trafficked for sexual exploitation are often exploited in the commercial sex industry, the research adopts an understanding of ‘demand’ in the context of human trafficking which includes demand for women in prostitution. In order to study buyers, a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research tools was used, including online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Through these methods, a total of 763 buyers engaged with the research, across four EU Member States (Ireland, Finland, Bulgaria and Lithuania). A number of important findings emerged in the research. Buyers interviewed were seen to have a complex view of sellers. They overwhelmingly viewed the sale of sex as a transaction between two consenting adults, but also saw sellers as different from other women. At the same time, although up to a third of buyers had witnessed or suspected exploitation, a gap emerged with regard to those who had reported such fears. Finally, irrespective of their knowledge of human trafficking, or measures targeting those who knowingly purchase sex from trafficked victims, buyers rarely considered trafficking when purchasing sex.Keywords: human trafficking; sexual exploitation; prostitution; demand; buyers

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ottisova ◽  
S. Hemmings ◽  
L.M. Howard ◽  
C. Zimmerman ◽  
S. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Women And Girls

Background.To update and expand on a 2012 systematic review of the prevalence and risk of violence and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental and sexual health problems among trafficked people.Method.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of 15 electronic databases of peer-reviewed articles and doctoral theses were supplemented by reference screening, citation tracking of included articles and expert recommendations. Studies were included if they reported on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked, or the prevalence or risk of physical, mental or sexual health outcomes among people who have been trafficked. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies.Results.Thirty-seven papers reporting on 31 studies were identified. The majority of studies were conducted in low and middle-income countries with women and girls trafficked into the sex industry. There is limited but emerging evidence on the health of trafficked men and the health consequences of trafficking into different forms of exploitation. Studies indicate that trafficked women, men and children experience high levels of violence and report significant levels of physical health symptoms, including headaches, stomach pain and back pain. Most commonly reported mental health problems include depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Although serological data on sexually transmitted infections are limited, women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation self-report symptoms suggestive of a high prevalence of infections. Limitations of the review include methodological weaknesses of primary studies and some differences in definition and operationalisation of trafficking, which hinder comparability and generalisability of the results.Conclusions.There is increasing evidence human trafficking is associated with high prevalence and increased risk of violence and a range of physical and mental health problems. Although more studies have emerged in recent years reporting on the health of trafficked men and people trafficked for forms of exploitation other than in the sex industry, further research is needed in this area. Appropriate interventions and support services to address the multiple and serious medical needs, especially mental health, of trafficked people are urgently needed.

Sex Trafficking and Prostitution in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandré Gould
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article examines the complex arrangements within which women working in prostitution in South Africa find themselves, and documents their resilience in a hazardous work environment. Findings are drawn from a survey and in-depth interviews with sex workers in Cape Town that investigated the nature and extent of human trafficking in the sex industry, and from a separate survey of sex workers during the World Cup in South Africa in 2010. The findings provide the basis for a critique of Western rescue missions and the larger antitrafficking movement.

scholarly journals Underlying Motives, Moral Agendas and Unlikely Partnerships: The Formulation of the U.S. Trafficking in Victims Protection Act Through the Data and Voices of Key Policy Players

10.18060/1962 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Footen Bromfield ◽  
Moshoula Capous-Desyllas
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The U.S

In response to the overwhelming amount of attention to human trafficking, the debates surrounding its definition, and its focus on the sex industry, the purpose of this study was to understand the motivations behind the formation of the Trafficking in Victims Protection Act (TVPA). Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) as a model, data was collected and analyzed in order to examine the coalition identities of key players and their positions. Through the presentation of in-depth interview data with key policy players involved in the making of the TVPA, this article illustrates how and why the TVPA was formulated, the implications of its development, and the necessity for critical analysis of its effects. The use of alternative frameworks of labor and migration for understanding trafficking is proposed. Further consideration is given to legislative changes to eliminate anti-prostitution ideology and to support anti-oppressive approaches to addressing forced or deceptive working conditions.

scholarly journals Human trafficking and legalized prostitution in the Netherlands

Temida ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Country ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
General Study ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
The Eu

On 1 October 2000, the Netherlands became the first European country to legalize prostitution as a profession, with its rights and duties. On the other hand, this new Dutch law excluded those sex workers, who come from outside the EU. The majority of women working in the sex industry, who are considered illegal migrants in the Netherlands, had two choices: either leaving the country or disappearing into the illegal criminal circuit. For law enforcement and assistant services, it became extremely difficult to control the sector. In this paper, the consequences of the 'Brothel Law' are presented. What happens with illegal non-European sex workers in the Netherlands, how the problem of human trafficking is constructed in Dutch media and combated in the country, what could be learned from the 'Dutch case'? The paper aims to answer these questions and contribute to the general study on human trafficking and voluntary prostitution in Europe.

scholarly journals Human Trafficking as a Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 720-740
Author(s):  
Inga K. Thiemann
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
Gendered Migration ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Human trafficking is considered one of the key humanitarian crises of our time. Public opinion and policymakers alike call for meaningful responses to human trafficking and modern slavery as criminal law problems, which can be remedied through tougher border controls. This chapter argues that human trafficking cannot be solved through border-focused anti-immigration measures, but needs to be approached as a gendered migration problem, which requires greater protections for vulnerable workers, particularly for female workers in private households and in the sex industry. Therefore, this chapter discusses root causes of human trafficking and migrants’ exploitability in gendered immigration and emigration policies, as well as in insufficient labor protections for vulnerable workers. In doing so, it also challenges the role of states in creating migrants’ precarious statuses through insufficient safe migration routes and labor protections in destination countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document