Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Nutritional Correlates in Free-Living Elderly Brazilians: A Population-Based Survey

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary glycemic index and load with gestational blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Methods In a population-based cohort among 3378 pregnant Dutch women, dietary glycemic index and load were assessed from food frequency questionnaires at median 13.4 (95% range 9.9–22.9) weeks gestation. Blood pressure was measured in early-, mid- and late-pregnancy. Placental hemodynamic parameters were measured in mid- and late-pregnancy by ultrasound. Data on gestational hypertensive disorders was acquired from medical records. Results Mean dietary glycemic index (SD) was 58 (3) and mean dietary glycemic load (SD) was 155 (47). Dietary glycemic index was not associated with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Higher dietary glycemic load SDS was associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure in early-pregnancy, remaining after adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors ((0.98 (95% CI 0.35–1.61) mmHg per SDS increase in glycemic load). No other associations of glycemic load with blood pressure or placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders were present. No significant associations of dietary glycemic index and load quartiles with longitudinal blood pressure patterns from early to late-pregnancy were present. Conclusion Within this low-risk pregnant population, we did not find consistent associations of dietary glycemic index and load with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Further studies need to assess whether the effects on gestational hemodynamic adaptations are more pronounced among high-risk women with an impaired glucose metabolism.

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Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to risk of breast cancer

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021004018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Somaye Rigi ◽

Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽

Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal ◽

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

The Status ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index ◽

Stratified Analysis

Abstract Objective: Previous studies on the association between glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) in relation to breast cancer risk are contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. Design: Population-based case-control. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a validated Willett-format 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Setting: Isfahan, Iran. Participants: Cases were 350 patients with newly diagnosed stage I-IV breast cancer, for whom the status of breast cancer was confirmed by physical examination and mammography. Controls were 700 age-matched apparently healthy individuals who were randomly selected from general population. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of dietary GI had 47% higher odds of breast cancer than women in the lowest tertile (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.02-2.12). Stratified analysis by menopausal status showed such association among postmenopausal women (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02-2.23). We found no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer either before (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.99-1.84) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.86-1.79). In addition, stratified analysis by menopausal status revealed no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer. Conclusions: Our findings showed a significant positive association between dietary GI and odds of breast cancer. However, we observed no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer.

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Relevance of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal glucose homeostasis

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 2791-2799

Author(s):

Xiao Zhang ◽

Yunhui Gong ◽

Karen Della Corte ◽

Dianke Yu ◽

Hongmei Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index ◽

Maternal Glucose

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Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, insulin load and risk of diabetes-related cancers: A systematic review of cohort studies

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Motahare Hatami Marbini ◽

Fatemehsadat Amiri ◽

Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index

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Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Minjuan Li ◽

Zhixin Cui ◽

Shuangli Meng ◽

Ting Li ◽

Tong Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index ◽

Apparently Healthy

Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.

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