Out-of-plane tensile modulus of CFRP laminates by 3-point bending test

Composite laminates are characterized by high mechanical in-plane properties and poor out-of-plane characteristics. This issue becomes even more relevant when dealing with impact phenomena occurring in the transverse direction. In aeronautics, Low Velocity Impacts (LVIs) may occur during the service life of the aircraft. LVI may produce damage inside the laminate, which are not easily detectable and can seriously degrade the mechanical properties of the structure. In this paper, a numerical-experimental investigation is carried out, in order to study the mechanical behavior of rectangular laminated specimens subjected to low velocity impacts. The numerical model that best represents the impact phenomenon has been chosen by numerical–analytical investigations. A user defined material model (VUMAT) has been developed in Abaqus/Explicit environment to simulate the composite intra-laminar damage behavior in solid elements. The analyses results were compared to experimental test data on a laminated specimen, performed according to ASTM D7136 standard, in order to verify the robustness of the adopted numerical model and the influence of modeling parameters on the accuracy of numerical results.

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Applied Element Method Simulation of Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Polypropylene Composite Retrofitted Masonry Walls

Advances in Structural Engineering ◽

10.1260/1369-4332.17.11.1567 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 1567-1583 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saleem M. Umair ◽

Muneyoshi Numada ◽

Kimiro Meguro

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Research Work ◽

Masonry Wall ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Bending Test ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Applied Element Method ◽

Element Method

In current research work, an attempt is made to simulate the behavior of a newly proposed composite material using 3-D Applied Element Method (AEM). Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) being a strong material provides a significant increase in shear strength. Polypropylene band (PP-band) not only holds the masonry wall system into a single unit but also provides a fairly high deformation capacity at a very low cost of retrofitting. A composite of FRP and PP-band is proposed and applied on the surface of masonry wall. Verification of the proposed numerical model is achieved by conducting experiments on twelve masonry wallets. Out of twelve, six masonry wallets were tested in out of plane bending test and six were tested under in-plane forces in the form of diagonal compression test. Same wallet retrofitting scheme was selected for in-plane and out of plane experiments and all of them were analyzed using proposed 3-D AEM numerical simulation tool. Proposed numerical model has served satisfactory and has shown a fairly good agreement with experimental results which encourages the use of 3D-AEM to numerically simulate the behavior of non-retrofitted and retrofitted masonry wallets.

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Evaluation of fatigue life of thick CFRP laminates with toughened interlaminar layers in out-of-plane and in-plane transverse directions

Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) ◽

10.1299/transjsme.16-00571 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (851) ◽

pp. 16-00571-16-00571 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sen SEKI ◽

Tomoki ARAI ◽

Shinichiro FUKUSHIMA ◽

Atsushi HOSOI ◽

Yuzo FUJITA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Cfrp Laminates ◽

Plane Transverse ◽

Out Of Plane

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Evaluation of Interlaminer Fracture Toughness of Cross-ply CFRP Laminates Using Mixed Mode Bending Test

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A ◽

10.1299/kikaia.70.1356 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (698) ◽

pp. 1356-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masahiro ARAI ◽

Toru TAKAGI ◽

Toshikazu KUWABARA ◽

Tadaharu ADACHI

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Mixed Mode ◽

Bending Test ◽

Cfrp Laminates

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Comparison of Different Methods for Determination of Modulus of Elasticity of Composite Reinforcement Produced from Roving

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.104 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1054 ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tomáš Vlach ◽

Lenka Laiblová ◽

Alexandru Chira ◽

Magdaléna Novotná ◽

Ctislav Fiala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

High Performance ◽

High Performance Concrete ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Bending Test ◽

Thin Structures ◽

Technical Textiles ◽

Composite Reinforcement

Currently, high performance concrete (HPC) is becoming more and more popular mainly because of its great mechanical parameters. As in the case of ordinary power concrete (OPC) it is necessary to improve the load bearing capacity with using of reinforcement. The present age calls for using of very thin structures for reasons of both environmental parameters and visual quality. Based on this fact, reinforcement start to use durable composite materials, such as technical textiles made of them. Element of HPC with this type of reinforcement is called textile reinforced high performance concrete (TRHPC). It is impossible to use the traditional approach for usually used steel reinforcement if we want to design these extra-thin structures. Modeled structures are very sensitive for input parameters and the development of standards for TRC material lags. The present study is focused on the different method of approach for the determination of tensile modulus of composite reinforcement. Three used methods are compared with each other using numerical analysis of four point bending test of façade element for one type of used reinforcement. Curves from numerical analysis are finally compared with the curve from real experiment and based on this the final evaluation is generated.

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Effect of ply angle misalignment on out-of-plane deformation of symmetrical cross-ply CFRP laminates: Accuracy of the ply angle alignment

Composite Structures ◽

10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.10.019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1225-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yoshihiko Arao ◽

Jun Koyanagi ◽

Shin Utsunomiya ◽

Hiroyuki Kawada

Keyword(s):

Plane Deformation ◽

Cfrp Laminates ◽

Out Of Plane

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Flexural Property in Out-of-Plane Bending Test of Cross Laminated Timber(CLT) Composed of Different Grade Lamina of Sugi.

Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan ◽

10.2472/jsms.70.561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 561-566

Author(s):

Ken YAMAMOTO ◽

Kazuhiko FUJITA ◽

Yasutaka WATANABE ◽

Atsushi MIYATAKE ◽

Tatsuya SHIBUSAWA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bending Test ◽

Flexural Property ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Plane Bending

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Analysis of measurements of defects in multiaxial warp knitted fabrics for CFRP composites

10.32920/ryerson.14664231 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diane Suk-Ching Liu

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Carbon Fibre ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Cell Model ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Sample Standard Deviation ◽

Cfrp Laminates ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Out Of Plane

Multiaxial Warp Knitted (MWK) Fabrics are used to create Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminates. In contrast to Prepregs, CFRP laminates made with MWK fabrics are of interest because they could lower costs and processing time by being already constructed with multiple layers and through the use of a hot air oven instead of an autoclave. Defect in the form of fibre angle orientation plays an important role in the compression strength for laminates made with MWK fabrics. The in-plane and out-of-plane waviness of the fibres were characterised by the standard deviation of the angular waviness: sample Standard deviation of Fibre In-plane (SFI) and the sample Standard deviation of Fibre Out-of-plane (SFO). The SFI value was found in two ways: analysis (Multiple Field Image Analysis (MFIA) technique) software and Fibre Image Analysis software. Measurements of the holes in the carbon fibre textile, colloquially known as “fisheyes,” caused by sewing the textile together were also gathered. The SFI, SFO, and “fisheye” dimensions were together used in the FMB-PMB model and the Unit Cell Model to calculate the compression strength. These predicted compression strengths were compared to the laboratory results. Also, a reliability model was developed to find R, the reliability of each textile, to be used as a textile classification tool. It has been found that the compression strength predictions found using analysis and Fibre Image Analysis yielded similar results, with predictions from analysis closer to the laboratory results. The R value yielded a positive correlation with the results from analysis. A large percentage of difference between the predicted and the actual compression strength was observed for some textiles. This could be attributed to the inherent lack of regularity for some of the examined textiles and variability in determining the SFI and “fisheye” parameters. Improvements would involve devising rules and methods to determine the SFI and “fisheye” parameters, modifying the FMB-PMB and Unit Cell Models, and making the analysis process faster and more applicable for on-line quality process control.

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