Formation of the surface layer on a low-carbon steel in electrospark treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Ivanov ◽  
F.Kh. Burumkulov ◽  
A.D. Verkhoturov ◽  
P.S. Gordiyenko ◽  
Ye.S. Panin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrospark Treatment

Low carbon steel with nanostructured surface layer induced by high-energy shot peening

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Liu ◽  
S.C Wang ◽  
X.F Lou ◽  
J Lu ◽  
K Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nanostructured Surface

scholarly journals Characterization of Microstructure in High-Hardness Surface Layer of Low-Carbon Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Haitao Xiao ◽  
Shaobo Zheng ◽  
Yan Xin ◽  
Jiali Xu ◽  
Ke Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Upper Bainite ◽  
Mixed Microstructure

Surface hardening improves the strength of low-carbon steel without interfering with the toughness of its core. In this study, we focused on the microstructure in the surface layer (0–200 μm) of our low-carbon steel, where we discovered an unexpectedly high level of hardness. We confirmed the presence of not only upper bainite and acicular ferrite but also lath martensite in the hard surface layer. In area of 0–50 μm, a mixed microstructure of lath martensite and B1 upper bainite was formed as a result of high cooling rate (about 50–100 K/s). In area of 50–200 μm, a mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite and B2 upper bainite was formed. The average nanohardness of the martensite was as high as 9.87 ± 0.51 GPa, which was equivalent to the level reported for steel with twenty times the carbon content. The ultrafine laths with an average width of 128 nm was considered to be a key cause of high nanohardness. The average nanohardness of the ferrites was much lower than for martensite: 4.18 ± 0.39 GPa for upper bainite and 2.93 ± 0.30 GPa for acicular ferrite. Yield strength, likewise, was much higher for martensite (2378 ± 123 MPa) than for upper bainite (1007 ± 94 MPa) or acicular ferrite (706 ± 72 MPa). The high yield strength value of martensite gave the surface layer an exceptional resistance to abrasion to a degree that would be unachievable without additional heat treatment in other steels with similar carbon content.

Electron-beam modification of a surface layer deposited on low-carbon steel by means of arc spraying

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Gromov ◽  
Yu. F. Ivanov ◽  
A. M. Glezer ◽  
V. E. Kormyshev ◽  
S. V. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Low Carbon

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Surface Nanocrystalline Structure in Low Carbon Steel Specimen

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1601-1604
Author(s):  
Xin Min Fan ◽  
Yan Jiao Ji ◽  
Jie Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Surface Nanocrystallization ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size

Nanostructure surface layer was fabricated on a low carbon steel cylinder specimen by means of circulation rolling plastic deformation (CRPD), and the effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of surface nanocrystalline structure was studied. The microstructure of the surface layer on the samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the microhardness variation along the depth was measured on the cross-sectional samples by using microhardness instrument. After CRPD treatment for 250min, the average grain size was about 10nm in the top surface layer and increased with an increment of the distance from the top surface. The surface nanocrystallization samples were annealed at 200°C, 300, 400°C and 500°C for 30min respectively. The nanocrystallization grain of surface layer did not grow for samples after annealed at 200°C and 300°C. After surface nanocrystallization by CRPD treatment the microhadness of top surface obviously increase from 220HV0.1 to 520HV0.1.

Surface Nanocrystallization of Low Carbon Steel Induced by Circulation Rolling Plastic Deformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Min Fan ◽  
Bosen Zhou ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Heng Zhi Wang ◽  
Jie Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Surface Nanocrystallization ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix

In this paper, the circulation rolling plastic deformation(CRPD) surface nanocrystallization technology is proposed based on the idea that the severe plastic deformation can induce grain refinement. The equipment of CRPD is designed and manufactured. A nanocrystallization surface layer was successfully obtained in a column sample of low carbon steel. The average grain size in the top surface layer is about 18 nm, and gradually increases with the distance from the surface. The hardness increases gradually from about 200HV0.1 in the matrix to about 600HV0.1 in the surface layer.

Diffusion of Cr in Nanostructured Fe and Low Carbon Steel Produced by Means of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.B. Wang ◽  
N.R. Tao ◽  
W.P. Tong ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
K. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Triple Junctions ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Mechanical Attrition

By means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), nanostructured (NS) surface layers were fabricated on a pure iron plate and a low carbon steel plate. Cr diffusion behaviors in the NS Fe phase and the SMAT low carbon steel were investigated. Experimental results showed the activation energy of Cr diffusion in the NS Fe is comparable to that of the GB diffusion, but the pre-exponential factor is much higher. A much thicker Cr-diffusion surface layer was obtained in the SMAT low carbon steel plate than in the coarse-grained one after the same chromizing treatment. The much enhanced diffusivities of Cr in the SMAT samples can be attributed to numerous GBs and triple junctions with a high excess stored energy in the NS surface layer.

EFFECT OF VELOCITY OF BALLS ON THE STRAIN AND STRESS OF LOW CARBON STEEL SURFACE LAYER DURING SMAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1924-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUAYUN DU ◽  
YINGHUI WEI ◽  
HENGJIN ZHANG ◽  
WANMING LIN ◽  
LIFENG HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface

By means of finite element method, the effect of velocity of balls on the strain and stress of low carbon steel surface layer during the course of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) are investigated. The effect of different impact velocity on strain rate and grain refinement mechanism is also analyzed. Calculation results confirm that there exists severe plastic deformation in the surface layer: strain, strain rate and stress gradually decrease along the depth of the treated sample during SMAT, which is in agreement with the microstructures observed in corresponding locations. Strain and strain rate play an important role in the grain refinement process and the resultant grain sizes upon plastic deformation.

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