Experimental investigation of an applicator of liquid slurry, from biogas production, for crop production

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Kurchania ◽  
N.L. Panwar
Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Olimjon Saidmamatov ◽  
Inna Rudenko ◽  
Urs Baier ◽  
Elbek Khodjaniyazov

Energy plays an essential role in the modern society and can serve as one of the vital parameters of socio-economic development. Despite developments in technology, over three billion persons living in rural parts of the low- and middle-income countries continue to cover their energy needs for cooking through traditional ways by burning biomass resources. This paper as a case study focuses on the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, possessing a well-developed agricultural production with high livestock numbers and intensive crop production. The manure of the livestock farms is not used efficiently and the energy supply of the farms depends primarily on centrally produced gas and electricity. Some areas are not yet connected to the gas grid. Agriculture causes huge environmental damages in its current form. The benefit of biogas production would therefore be fivefold: (1) local energy source, (2) mitigation of environmental impacts, (3) reducing CH4-emissions, (4) producing organic fertilizer as a side product and (5) additional earnings for farmers.


Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas

The paper presents the findings of experimental investigation of biogas production using hen manure and sewage sludge with fatty waste (from margarine production). The following mixtures were made using this organic waste: hen manure and sewage sludge were mixed with fatty waste at 75% : 25%, 50% : 50% and 25% : 75% in volume. The paper analyses quantitative and qualitative composition of biogas: gas emission content, the concentrations of methane, sulphuretted hydrogen and oxygen in it as well as temperature and pH change during the experiment. Mixing hen manure with fatty waste at 75% : 25% and maintaining psychrophilic temperature mode, the highest biogas output (0.09 m3) from 0.2 m3 substrate in 32 days was recorded. When using the mixture of sewage sludge and fatty waste at 75% : 25% and maintaining psychrophilic temperature mode, the highest biogas output (0.10 m) from 0.2 m substrate in 32 days was recorded. When using these mixtures, the concentration of methane was also the highest, and the average values reached 58.5% (with hen manure) and 61.7% (with sewage sludge). The evaluation of gas emissions and methane concentration in gas shows that the most efficient use of biogas could be obtained using biogas emitted from the mixture of hen manure and sewage sludge with fatty waste mixed at 75% : 25%. The concentration of sulphuretted hydrogen in biogas did not exceed 3%, the concentration of oxygen decreased from 4.9 % to 1.8%. pH indicator was decreasing when more fatty waste was added to the mixture. When using hen manure, the average value of pH changed from 6.4 to 6.3, when using sewage sludge ‐ from 6.6 to 6.3. Santrauka Pateikiami eksperimentinių biodujų gamybos tyrimų, naudojant vištų mėšlą ir nuotekų valymo dumblą su riebalinėmis (margarino gamybos) atliekomis, rezultatai. Iš šių organinių atliekų buvo paruošti mišiniai: vištų mėšlas bei nuotekų valymo dumblas buvo maišomas su riebalinėmis atliekomis 75 % : 25 %, 50 % : 50 % ir 25 % : 75 %. Darbe nagrinėjama biodujų kiekybinė ir kokybinė sudėtis: išsiskyrusių dujų kiekis, metano, sieros vandenilio ir deguonies koncentracija jose, temperatūros bei pH pokytis eksperimento metu. Eksperimentų metu bioreaktoriuose buvo palaikomas psichrofilinis temperatūrinis režimas. Nustatyta, kad didžiausias biodujų kiekis (0,09 m3 ) išsiskiria vištų mėšlą maišant su riebalinėmis atliekomis santykiu 75 % : 25 %. Naudojant nuotekų valymo dumblo ir riebalinių atliekų mišinį (75 % : 25 %), taip pat gauta didžiausia biodujų išeiga per visą eksperimento laikotarpį – 0,10 m3 . Metano koncentracija naudojant šiuos mišinius taip pat buvo didžiausia. Vidutinė reikšmė siekė 58,5 % (su vištų mėšlu) bei 61,7 % (su nuotekų dumblu). Įvertinus išsiskyrusių dujų kiekį ir metano koncentraciją jose, nustatyta, kad efektyviausiai būtų galima naudoti biodujas, išsiskyrusias iš vištų mėšlo ir nuotekų valymo dumblo su riebalinėmis atliekomis, kurių santykis 75 % : 25 %. Sieros vandenilio koncentracija biodujose neviršijo 3 %, deguonies koncentracija mažėjo nuo 4,9 % iki 1,8 %. pH rodiklis mažėjo į biomasės mišinį įdedant daugiau riebalinių atliekų. Naudojant vištų mėšlą vidutinė pH reikšmė kito nuo 6,4 iki 6,3, naudojant nuotekų valymo dumblą – nuo 6,6 iki 6,3. Резюме Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по производству биогаза с использованием куриного помета и ила сточных вод с жировыми отходами (от производства маргарина). Были исследованы следующие смеси из органических отходов: куриный помет и ил сточных вод были смешаны с жировыми отходами в объеме 75% : 25%, 50% : 50% и 25% : 75%. Проанализирован количественный и качественный состав биогаза: газовое содержание эмиссии, концентрации метана, сероводорода и кислорода, а также изменение температуры и фактора pH в течение эксперимента. Во время эксперимента в биореакторе поддерживался психрофильный температурный режим. Было установлено, что при смешивании куриного помета с жировыми отходами в соотношении 75% : 25% и поддерживании психрофильного температурного режима наибольший выпуск биогаза (от 0,09 м3 до 0,2 м3 субстрата) обнаружен спустя 32 дня. При использовании смеси из ила сточных вод и жировых отходов в соотношении 75% : 25% и поддерживании психрофильного температурного режима был установлен наибольший выпуск биогаза (от 0,10 м3 до 0,2 м3 субстрата) спустя 32 дня. При использовании этих смесей концентрация метана также была самая большая, ее средние значения составляли 58,5% (с куриным пометом) и 61,7% (с илом сточных вод). В результате оценки газовой эмиссии и концентрации метана в эмиссии установлено, что наиболее эффективным будет использование биогаза, получаемого от смеси куриного помета и ила сточных вод с жировыми отходами в соотношении 75% : 25%. Концентрация сероводорода в биогазе не превышала 3%, концентрация кислорода уменьшилась от 4,9% до 1,8%. Индикатор фактора pH уменьшался, когда к смеси добавлялось больше жировых отходов. При использовании только куриного помета среднее значение фактора pH менялось от 6,4 до 6,3, при использовании ила сточных вод – от 6,6 до 6,3.


Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrenas ◽  
Audrone Jankaite ◽  
Ervinas Raistenskis

Millions of tons of different organic waste form in the world every year, but only a little part of waste is suitable for biogas production, while its rest part can't be used for biogas production because of different reasons and is utilized using other methods or deposited in landfills. Organic waste, produced in our country, is mixed very often with different kinds of municipal or industrial waste. For a successful use of anaerobic organic waste treatment technologies, a maximal decrease of its harmful effect on the environment, and reaching of a maximum economic efficiency, it is necessary to sort organic waste (or better, not to mix it with other inorganic waste from the very start). Experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste are presented in the paper. The aim of the investigation was to observe the concentrations of released methane and oxygen gases as well as to measure temperature changes.


2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Da Yong Xu

The main objective of the present experimental investigation was to evaluate the performance of using a refitted anaerobic reactor system to treat the water hyacinth press juice. The biogas production rate was rapidly rising from 25 L.d-1 to 54 L.d-1 in the first few start-up days, there was approximately 1332 L biogas measured by wet gas meter and 62% of methane was detected during the experiment period. At the end of the anaerobic digestion treatment, it could be observed about 83.5% COD, 85.7% SS and 74.1% SS of the initial content was removed, declined from 7428 mg.L-1 to 1223 mg.L-1, from 6748 mg.L-1 to 967mg.L-1 and from 2315 mg.L-1 to 600mg.L-1, respectively. TN declined from 127.8mg.L-1 to 88.0mg.L-1 with a total loss of 31.2%. The variation of TP in the whole process was gradually declined, from 34.3mg.L-1 to 25.0mg.L-1, had total 27.1% lost. In the whole digestion process the pH increased slowly from 6.8 to 7.8. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, it is possible to conclude that: the refitted anaerobic reactor system for water hyacinth press juice digestion was practical and effective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (341) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dina Tokarchuk ◽  
Natalia Pryshliak ◽  
Andrii Shynkovych ◽  
Kateryna Mazur

Abstract Ukraine’s agriculture is a leading sector of the national economy. Ukraine has a significant area (603628 km2), 70.9% of which are agricultural lands. Quality soil and good climatic conditions create favorable conditions for the development of crop and livestock production. The generation of a large amount of organic waste from agriculture opens wide opportunities for the development of the biogas technologies. The aim of the paper is to identify the main waste management trends in Ukraine based on data on waste generation and waste management and to calculate the strategic potential of agricultural waste as a feedstock for biofuels production. The resource potential of crop, livestock and processing waste has been considered and the necessity of its use for energy purposes has been substantiated. It has been determined that the greatest potential of agricultural waste that can be used for biogas production in Ukraine is concentrated in crop production. The livestock industry and processing enterprises also have a powerful feedstock base for biogas production. It has been determined that the agroindustrial sector of Ukraine produces significant amount of waste. As a result of the study, it has been found that the potential volume of biogas production from agricultural waste can replace 36.1% of natural gas consumption in Ukraine.


2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CLAUS ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
B. WIENFORTH ◽  
N. SVOBODA ◽  
K. SIELING ◽  
...  

SUMMARYA considerable expansion of biogas production in Germany, paralleled by a strong increase in maize acreage, has caused growing concern that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during crop substrate production might counteract the GHG emission saving potential. Based on a 2-year field trial, a GHG balance was conducted to evaluate the mitigation potential of regionally adapted cropping systems (continuous maize, maize-wheat-Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass ley), depending on nitrogen (N) level and N type. Considering the whole production chain, all cropping systems investigated contributed to the mitigation of GHG emissions (6·7–13·3 t CO2 eq/ha), with continuous maize revealing a carbon dioxide (CO2) saving potential of 55–61% compared with a fossil energy mix reference system. The current sustainability thresholds in terms of CO2 savings set by the EU Renewable Energy Directive could be met by all cropping systems (48–76%). Emissions from crop production had the largest impact on the mitigation effect (⩾50%) unless the biogas residue storage was not covered. The comparison of N fertilizer types showed less pronounced differences in GHG mitigation potential, whereas considerable site effects were observed.


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