Commelina benghalensis harbors Corynespora cassiicola, the tomato target spot pathogen

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Deborah Anne Dimayacyac ◽  
Mark Angelo Balendres
Keyword(s):  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Target Spot

A Review of Corynespora cassiicola and Its Increasing Relevance to Tomato in Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keevan J. MacKenzie ◽  
Leilani G. Sumabat ◽  
Katia V. Xavier ◽  
Gary E. Vallad
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Insight Into

Corynespora cassiicola is a highly diverse fungal pathogen that can infect more than 500 species of plants, including many economically important crops such as cotton, soybean, tomato, and cucumber. In Florida, the number one vegetable crop by market value are fresh-market tomatoes, which generate nearly half a billion dollars annually. Florida’s subtropical to tropical climate is conducive to infection and development of the target spot pathogen on tomato caused by C. cassiicola. There is no varietal resistance available for target spot of tomato, and preventative fungicide treatments are the primary method for control. In the last decade, C. cassiicola has been more frequently reported by Florida tomato growers, appearing not only more aggressive but also increasingly insensitive to various fungicides. This review brings together the most recent C. cassiicola literature, providing a history and understanding of the immense pathogen diversity and its relevance to tomato. It also provides insight into fungicide resistance development and pathogen survivability, which are important factors in providing effective control recommendations and in understanding the epidemiology of this disease, respectively.

scholarly journals Widespread QoI Fungicide Resistance Revealed Among Corynespora cassiicola Tomato Isolates in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keevan J. MacKenzie ◽  
Katia V. Xavier ◽  
Aimin Wen ◽  
Sujan Timilsina ◽  
Heather M. Adkison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Silent Mutation ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Qoi Resistance

Target spot of tomato caused by Corynespora cassiicola is one of the most economically destructive diseases of tomato in Florida. A collection of 123 isolates from eight counties in Florida were evaluated for sensitivity to azoxystrobin and fenamidone based on mycelial growth inhibition (MGI), spore germination (SG), detached leaflet assays (DLAs), and sequence-based analysis of the cytochrome b gene (cytb). Cleavage of cytb by restriction enzyme (Fnu4HI) revealed the presence of a mutation conferring a glycine (G) to alanine (A) mutation at amino acid position 143 (G143A) in approximately 90% of the population, correlating with quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) resistance based on MGI (<40% at 5 μg/ml), SG (<50% at 1 and 10 μg/ml), and DLA (<10% severity reduction). The mutation conferring a phenylalanine (F) to leucine (L) substitution at position 129 (F129L) was confirmed in moderately resistant isolates (#9, #19, and #74) based on MGI (40 to 50% at 5 μg/ml), SG (<50% at 1 μg/ml and >50% at 10 μg/ml), and DLA (>10% and <43% severity reduction) for both QoI fungicides, whereas sensitive isolates (#1, #4, #7, #28, #29, #46, #61, #74, #75, #76, #91, #95, and #118) based on MGI (>50% at 5 μg/ml), SG (>50% at 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml), and DLA (>50% severity reduction) correlated to non-mutation-containing isolates or those with a silent mutation. This study indicates that QoI resistance among C. cassiicola isolates from tomato is widespread in Florida and validates rapid screening methods using MGI or molecular assays to identify resistant isolates in future studies.

AN OVERVIEW OF TARGET SPOT OF TOMATO CAUSED BY CORYNESPORA CASSIICOLA

2009 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Schlub ◽  
L.J. Smith ◽  
L.E. Datnoff ◽  
K. Pernezny
Keyword(s):  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Target Spot

scholarly journals Inheritance of soybean resistance to Corynespora cassiicola

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreira Soares ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arrabal Arias
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Soybean Diseases

ABSTRACT The incidence of target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, has gained increasing importance among the main soybean diseases in Brazil, and using susceptible cultivars can cause yield losses. Different susceptibility/resistance levels have been observed among cultivars in commercial crops but the genetics of the resistance to this pathogen is still unknown. To study the inheritance of soybean resistance to C. cassiicola, crosses were developed between cultivars including one cultivar resistant to target spot, BRS 316RR, one moderately resistant cultivar, BRS 184, and one susceptible cultivar BMX Potência RR. Parental generations, as well as F2 and F2:3 derived from their crosses, were evaluated as to severity and lesion size after inoculation with the pathogen. Quantitative analysis was applied to the data, and genetic models were adjusted for means and variances. Predominance of additive genetic effects controlling soybean resistance to C. cassiicola is suggested for the different crosses. The genetic models adjusted for the means detected an additive genetic effect more frequently. The additive variance D was detected only for the trait lesion size and had low heritability, indicating high environmental effect influencing the reaction. Based on mean and variance genetic models, further genetic gains are expected in the cross BRS 316RR x BMX Potência RR. The effect of genetic dominance was not important. The presence of significant epistasis in crosses between susceptible cultivars indicates the existence of at least two genes affecting resistance and that are interacting. The normal continuous distribution of the frequency of the number of individuals in different classes of resistance indicates that the resistance to C. cassiicola is quantitatively inherited and there is predominance of an additive genetic effect and low heritability.

Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis of Corynespora cassiicola from cucumber

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigang Gao ◽  
Rong Zeng ◽  
Yujuan Suo ◽  
Lihui Xu ◽  
Zhiwei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Genetic Information Processing

Abstract Corynespora cassiicola as a necrotrophic plant pathogenic ascomycetes fungus can infect hundreds of species of plants, and also rarely cause human disease. The pathogen infects cucumber and causes cucumber target spot, which has given rise to great yield loss of cucumber in China recently. Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola .Results Firstly, we reported the draft genome sequences of a cucumber-sampled C. cassiicola isolate HGCC with high virulence. Although being conspecific, HGCC had distinct difference with a rubber-sampled isolate (CCP) and a human-sampled isolate (UM591) in genome sequences. The proportion of secreted proteins was 7.4% in HGCC. 28.6% of HGCC predicted genes were highly homologous to experimentally proven virulence-associated genes, which was close to that in CCP, UM591 and some plant fungal pathogens, but far more than 21.9% in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and 19.6% in Botrytis cinerea . Thousands of putative virulence-associated genes in various pathways or families were identified in HGCC. Secondly, a global view of the transcriptome of C. cassiicola spores during germination was evaluated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 3,288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The majority of KEGG annotated DEGs were involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, organismal system, human diseases and environmental information processing.Conclusions These results not only facilitated the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola to cucumber and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination, but also laid the foundation for the disease control.

Developing a greenhouse protocol for evaluating resistance to Corynespora cassiicola in cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Moore ◽  
Nancy Sharma ◽  
Kira L. Bowen ◽  
Jenny Koebernick
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Cotton Genotypes

Target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, has re-emerged as a disease of economic importance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the southeastern U.S. While this pathogen affects other economically important crops, relatively little is known about C. cassiicola on cotton, especially with regard to conditions conducive for disease development and sources of genetic resistance. Therefore, in order to more efficiently screen cotton genotypes for resistance, a greenhouse protocol is needed. Optimum temperature and conducive leaf wetness duration were determined in growth chamber trials. Temperature range for disease onset as well as greatest lesion counts occurred between 20 and 28°C. Generally, with ≥ 24 h leaf wetness at these temperatures, disease onset was noted as rapidly as 1 day after inoculation on a cultivar that was previously determined to be susceptible to target spot. A mist irrigation system was used to maintain prolonged periods of leaf wetness in the greenhouse. In greenhouse trials, inoculation of cotyledons with 4 × 104 conidia/ml allowed differentiation of five selected genotypes with disease reactions that reflected their field rankings. The current protocol will be useful for evaluating cotton breeding lines for resistance to target spot.

Corynespora cassiicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Target Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Corynespora cassiicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially abundant in the tropics. Ellis (36: 666) gives 57 hosts and later records include: Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis melo, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Eucalyptus grandis, Gossypium spp., Hydrangea macrophylla, Lupinus spp., Musa sp., Piper betle, Rhododendron obtusum, Ricinus communis and Solanum melongena. DISEASE: Target spot; usually on the leaves but also on stems roots and flowers. The necrotic lesions becoming darker, are usually irregular, often with a wavy border and frequently zonate, up to 2 cm diam., shot-holing sometimes occurs and defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Austria, Brazil, British Solomon Islands, Bolivia, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cameroon, Cambodia, Canada, Ceylon, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dahomey, Denmark, England, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Hebrides, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rumania, Samoa (W.), Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad, Uganda, USA, US Virgin Islands, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Conidia air-dispersed (43, 2801) and a diurnal periodicity with a forenoon peak is reported from India (46, 745). The fungus is seed-borne (28: 155; 39: 710; 44, 200) and survives on host debris for up to 2 yr (37: 199; 40: 754; 43, 2171).

scholarly journals Patogenicidade de Corynespora cassiicola a diferentes espécies de plantas

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia A. Cutrim ◽  
Gilson S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Vernonia Cinerea

Avaliou-se, em condições de casa de vegetação, a patogenicidade de dois isolados de Corynespora cassiicola, obtidos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), a abóbora (Cucurbita pepo), aceroleira (Malpighia glabra), caupi (Vigna unguiculata), mamoeiro (Carica papaya), maxixe (Cucumis anguria), pimentão (Capsicum annum), quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus), soja (Glycines max), tomateiro e vinagreira (Hibiscus sabdariffa) com o objetivo de selecionar plantas que possam ser utilizadas em sistemas de rotação de culturas, nas áreas produtoras de tomate. Duas plantas daninhas, trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis) e assa peixe (Vernonia cinerea), comuns em tomatais, foram incluídas nos testes para se avaliar sua importância como fontes de inóculo. As plantas reagiram diferentemente ao patógeno, sendo a maioria suscetível aos dois isolados do fungo. Sugere-se que o tomateiro não deva ser cultivado consorciado ou muito próximo a plantios de abóbora, maxixe, pimentão, quiabeiro e vinagreira. O controle das invasoras como C.benghalensis e V. cinerea é de fundamental importância para a redução do inóculo no campo.

scholarly journals Conventional PCR for detection of Corynespora cassiicola in soybean seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Viana de Sousa ◽  
Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽  
José da Cruz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Abstract The fungus Corynespora cassiicola, causal agent of target spot in soybeans, can be transmitted by soybean seeds and as of that point cause severe damage. This disease may be diagnosed at an early stage by seed testing, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. Because of that and increased attack by the disease in soybean areas in Brazil, further studies are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of conventional PCR in detecting C. cassiicola in soybean seeds. The GA4-F/GA4-R primers described in the literature were tested for their specificity and sensitivity for detection of C. cassiicola in pure culture and in soybean seeds. Uninoculated and inoculated seed samples were used with different incidence levels - 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0% of preestablished inoculum potentials, P0, P1, P2, and P3. Detection of C. cassiicola in P1 inoculum potential was observed in samples with incidence levels of 10% to 100%. In the P3 potential, detection of the pathogen was successful in samples at the low level of 0.25%.

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