A Case - Control Study on Risk Factors of Mental Retardation from an Urban Area of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
S. Krishnasubha ◽  
V. Lakshmikalpana ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
G. Sudhakar
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740
Author(s):  
Purushottam Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Tulshiram Ankushe ◽  
Mohan Kondiba Doibale ◽  
Abhay Srivastava ◽  
Kanchan Bapurao Gawande ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohno ◽  
M. Tamura ◽  
K. Kawakubo ◽  
A. Gunji ◽  
H. Kashihara

AbstractObjectives: In Japan controversy exists as to whether or not the risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the same as in western countries. We conducted a case-control study on IHD to clarify the risk factors in males in an urban area of Japan using our automated multiphasic health testing and services (AMHTS) system. Method: Cases were the clients who took the health check-up between January 1987 and July 1994 and had onset of IHD after the check-up. For each case five clients were selected as controls by conditional matching. The check-up data were compared between cases and controls 11 years, 6 years and just before the onset of the heart diseases. Results: The statistically significant items were as follows: (1) Eleven years before the onset: Total cholesterol (T-Chol) for myocardial infarction (MI), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) for angina pectoris (AP). (2) Six years before the onset: T-Chol, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the complaint of palpitation or breathlessness for MI, and FBS and palpitation or breathlessness for AP. (3) Just before the onset: T-Chol, the complaint of chest pain, FBS, smoking index and hypertensive status for MI and palpitation or breathlessness, ECG findings, chest pain, systolic blood pressure and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 60 minutes for AP. In conclusion, the risk factors for MI in males in an urban area of Japan are the same as in western countries. The most significant risk factor for AP in males in an urban area of Japan is fasting blood sugar.


Author(s):  
GD Bhide ◽  
Rajat Srivastava

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem. The prevalence of malnutrition among children in developing countries is very high. An increase in household income is not sufficient to reduce childhood malnutrition if children are deprived of food security, education, access to water, sanitation and health services. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of malnourished children between 3 to six years of age and to ascertain the risk factors of childhood malnutrition in a semi urban adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Objective: The objective of this case control study was to determine the risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in a semi urban area adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh). Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out among preschool children, aged between three to six years, attending the Anganwadi centres and their mothers in a semi urban area of Tehsil & district Indore of Madhya Pradesh, India from 1 st April to 30th June 2019. Case was a child with moderate to severe malnutrition with z-scores < −2SD from the median of WHO reference. Control was a child without malnutrition with z-scores between -2SD and +2SD and the age matched with case’s. Face to face interviews with the respective child’s mother and measurements of the respective child’s weight and height were carried out. Information on socio-economic characteristics, household food security status, child’s dietary intake, caregiver’s practices and resources were enquired. A total of 1140 children (380 cases and 760 controls) were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. A semi-structured risk factors questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for malnutrition among children. Results: The majorities (45.8 and 45.5%) of the children in the study were in the age group of 3.0 to 4.0 years in case and control groups respectively. There was a slight preponderance of illiterate parents among cases in comparison to the controls. Largely, 87.4% of the children belonged to poor socio-economic status in the case groups compared to 82.4% in the control group. After adjusting for the confounders, underweight status was significantly associated with socio- economic status of the parents (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.96), birth weight < 2000 g (aOR: 25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.59), recurrent diarrhoea (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.83), recurrent cold and cough (aOR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.96, 7.67), worm infestation (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.38) and pre-lacteal feed given (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.86). Conclusion: Parental education, childhood illness, short birth interval, open defaecation, type of weaning and complimentary food given to children were some of the significant determinants of underweight that were found in the study. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns alleviating food habits and taboos and promoting birth spacing is the need of the hour for preventing the occurrence of malnutrition among preschool children. Keywords: Malnutrition, Anganwadi centres, preschool children, pre-lacteal feed, socio-economic characteristics, Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).


Author(s):  
Shahin Yarahmadi ◽  
Nasrin Azhang ◽  
Mahmood Salesi ◽  
Khaled Rahmani

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), as one of the most common endocrine disorders, is a preventable cause of mental retardation. Objective: This study aimed to identify familial-related risk factors for CH in Iranian newborns. Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed on the National Registry System of patients with CH in Iran. In this study, 906 controls and 454 cases were studied for one year. Familial related factors were investigated using logistic regression models. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was also calculated for each significant risk factor. Results: Using multivariate analysis, an increased risk for CH was observed in patients with congenital anomalies (odds ratio (OR): 5.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37 - 14.01), history of mental retardation in family (OR:2.10, 95% CI: 1.15-3.83), mother’s hypothyroidism during pregnancy (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.33 - 3.03), intra-family marriage (OR:1.49, 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.89), gestational diabetes (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.63), having a hypothyroid child in the family (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.39 - 4.42), and twins or more (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.31 - 5.21). The highest PAF among familial-related risk factors for CH is related to the intra-family marriage (14.9%). Conclusions: This study revealed that familial-related risk factors and consanguine marriages play an essential role in the high incidence of CH in Iran. About 15% of CH in Iran could be attributed to intra-family marriage alone.


Author(s):  
Srinivas Govindarajulu ◽  
Thirumugam Muthuvel ◽  
Vivek Lal ◽  
Subha Manivannan ◽  
Karthikeyan Pandiyambakkam Rajendran ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
B AVIDAN ◽  
A SONNENBERG ◽  
T SCHNELL ◽  
G CHEJFEC ◽  
A METZ ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vaz ◽  
B Chodirker ◽  
J Seabrook ◽  
C Prasad ◽  
A Chudley ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document