scholarly journals A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR MALNUTRITION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN A SEMI URBAN AREA ADJOINING INDORE (MADHYA PRADESH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Bhide ◽  
Rajat Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Control Study

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem. The prevalence of malnutrition among children in developing countries is very high. An increase in household income is not sufficient to reduce childhood malnutrition if children are deprived of food security, education, access to water, sanitation and health services. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of malnourished children between 3 to six years of age and to ascertain the risk factors of childhood malnutrition in a semi urban adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Objective: The objective of this case control study was to determine the risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in a semi urban area adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh). Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out among preschool children, aged between three to six years, attending the Anganwadi centres and their mothers in a semi urban area of Tehsil & district Indore of Madhya Pradesh, India from 1 st April to 30th June 2019. Case was a child with moderate to severe malnutrition with z-scores < −2SD from the median of WHO reference. Control was a child without malnutrition with z-scores between -2SD and +2SD and the age matched with case’s. Face to face interviews with the respective child’s mother and measurements of the respective child’s weight and height were carried out. Information on socio-economic characteristics, household food security status, child’s dietary intake, caregiver’s practices and resources were enquired. A total of 1140 children (380 cases and 760 controls) were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. A semi-structured risk factors questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for malnutrition among children. Results: The majorities (45.8 and 45.5%) of the children in the study were in the age group of 3.0 to 4.0 years in case and control groups respectively. There was a slight preponderance of illiterate parents among cases in comparison to the controls. Largely, 87.4% of the children belonged to poor socio-economic status in the case groups compared to 82.4% in the control group. After adjusting for the confounders, underweight status was significantly associated with socio- economic status of the parents (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.96), birth weight < 2000 g (aOR: 25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.59), recurrent diarrhoea (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.83), recurrent cold and cough (aOR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.96, 7.67), worm infestation (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.38) and pre-lacteal feed given (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.86). Conclusion: Parental education, childhood illness, short birth interval, open defaecation, type of weaning and complimentary food given to children were some of the significant determinants of underweight that were found in the study. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns alleviating food habits and taboos and promoting birth spacing is the need of the hour for preventing the occurrence of malnutrition among preschool children. Keywords: Malnutrition, Anganwadi centres, preschool children, pre-lacteal feed, socio-economic characteristics, Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

scholarly journals Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Mpairwe ◽  
Milly Namutebi ◽  
Gyaviira Nkurunungi ◽  
Pius Tumwesige ◽  
Irene Nambuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Control Study

Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.

scholarly journals A National Case-Control Study Identifies Human Socio-Economic Status and Activities as Risk Factors for Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Stefanoff ◽  
Magdalena Rosinska ◽  
Steven Samuels ◽  
Dennis J. White ◽  
Dale L. Morse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals A case control study in BMC Sagar to identify the risk factors for heart failure in patients with recently diagnosed myocardial infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Ramesh Pandey ◽  
Shikha Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Background: This study was conducted to identify the risk factors for heart failure (HF) in recently diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: In this hospital-based, case-control study, the participants were all new myocardial infarction patients hospitalized from April 2016 to March 2017 in Bundelkhand Medical College (BMC) and associated hospital Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. There were 1,691 new cases with heart failure and 6,764 patients without heart failure as controls. Controls were selected randomly as per incidence density sampling. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to identify potential risk factors, using conditional logistic regression models.Results: The mortality rate was 18.2% in the cases and (12.1%) in the controls (p<0.05). Important risk factors for heart failure were: stroke (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.89), and right bundle branch block (RBBB) (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.95 to 4.19). The factors significantly associated with heart failure Diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and age. Incidence (p<0.05). Significant factor in women was diabetes (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.88) while in men age, hypertension, and RBBB are important.Conclusions: This study might help to identify and monitor the predictive risk factors for heart failure in myocardial infarction patients. The type of risk factors was different in men and women.  

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS IN AN URBAN AREA OF AURANGABAD, MAHARASHTRA- A COMMUNITY BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740
Author(s):  
Purushottam Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Tulshiram Ankushe ◽  
Mohan Kondiba Doibale ◽  
Abhay Srivastava ◽  
Kanchan Bapurao Gawande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Control Study

Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease in an Urban Area of Japan: A Case-Control Study in AMHTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohno ◽  
M. Tamura ◽  
K. Kawakubo ◽  
A. Gunji ◽  
H. Kashihara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectives: In Japan controversy exists as to whether or not the risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the same as in western countries. We conducted a case-control study on IHD to clarify the risk factors in males in an urban area of Japan using our automated multiphasic health testing and services (AMHTS) system. Method: Cases were the clients who took the health check-up between January 1987 and July 1994 and had onset of IHD after the check-up. For each case five clients were selected as controls by conditional matching. The check-up data were compared between cases and controls 11 years, 6 years and just before the onset of the heart diseases. Results: The statistically significant items were as follows: (1) Eleven years before the onset: Total cholesterol (T-Chol) for myocardial infarction (MI), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) for angina pectoris (AP). (2) Six years before the onset: T-Chol, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the complaint of palpitation or breathlessness for MI, and FBS and palpitation or breathlessness for AP. (3) Just before the onset: T-Chol, the complaint of chest pain, FBS, smoking index and hypertensive status for MI and palpitation or breathlessness, ECG findings, chest pain, systolic blood pressure and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 60 minutes for AP. In conclusion, the risk factors for MI in males in an urban area of Japan are the same as in western countries. The most significant risk factor for AP in males in an urban area of Japan is fasting blood sugar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document