Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates inOctopus maya, loligo forbesiandLolliguncula brevis(Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Segawa ◽  
Roger T. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rates

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE BROWN MUSSEL Perna perna (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA) EXPOSED TO THE ANIONIC SURFACTANT LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATE (LAS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Freitas Stefanoni ◽  
Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate ◽  
Excretion Rates

The effects of the Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) were evaluated on the mussel Perna perna, using physiological and genotoxic biomarkers. The Micronuclei (MN) assay was used to estimate effects at nuclear level, whereas the physiological effects were evaluated by measuring the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates. Significant effects were observed for the MN assay and the ammonia excretion rate, even in low concentrations. The oxygen consumption was not affected in the tested concentrations. For MN and ammonia excretion, the animals exposed to intermediate concentrations were not affected, but responded to the higher concentrations, indicating the existence of compensatory mechanisms at physiological level. However, parallel to this study other authors indicate the presence of progressive effects at the cellular level, suggesting that the organisms are not capable to recover of such increasing effects. Additionally, the results show that the levels of LAS observed for Brazilian coastal waters may chronically affect the biota.

scholarly journals OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND AMMONIA EXCRETION OF THE ANTARCTIC AMPHIPOD Bovallia gigantea PFEFFER, 1888, AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND SALINITIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomes ◽  
Maria José de Arruda Campos Rocha Passos ◽  
Arthur José da Silva Rocha ◽  
Thais da Cruz Alves dos Santos ◽  
Fabio Matsu Hasue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Antarctic Amphipod ◽  
Excretion Rates

The energy budget of Antarctic stenothermic and/or stenohaline ectotherms is modulated by variations of temperature and salinity. The joint effects of these latter on polar organisms have been but little studied. Data on this subject are of great importance for an understanding of the energy demand of Antarctic animals such as amphipods, especially when considering their ecological importance and the possible impacts of global changes. Experiments were carried out at the Brazilian Antarctic Station "Comandante Ferraz" under controlled conditions. Specimens of Bovallia gigantea were collected in Admiralty Bay and acclimated to temperatures of 0ºC; 2.5ºC and 5ºC and to salinities of 35, 30 and 25. Thirty measurements were taken for each of the nine possible combinations of the three temperatures and the three salinities. Metabolic rates were assessed based on oxygen consumption and total ammonia nitrogenous excretion in sealed respirometers. At 0ºC and 2.5ºC, the metabolic rates of the animals that were acclimated to salinities of 30 or 35 were similar, indicating a possible mechanism of metabolic independence of temperature. However, the metabolic rates were always higher at 5.0ºC. The effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and on ammonia excretion rates were intensified by lower salinities. Individuals of B gigantea have a temperature-independent metabolic rate within a narrow temperature window that can be modified in accordance with salinity.

Oxygen consumption, nitrogenous excretion, and filtration rates of Dreissena polymorpha at acclimation temperatures between 20 and 32 °C

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Aldridge ◽  
Barry S. Payne ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Metabolic Expenditure ◽  
Excretion Rates

Mussels were acclimated to each of four experimental temperatures (20, 24, 28, and 32 °C) for 30 days. Mussels averaged 10.29 mg tissue dry weight. Oxygen consumption rates at 32 °C were 3.65 times larger than consumption rates at 20 °C (p < 0.01). Ammonia excretion rates at 32 °C were 4.9 times greater than those at 20 °C (p < 0.01). O:N ratios were >60 at 20 and 24 °C but declined (p < 0.01) at 28 and 32 °C to <40. Filtration rates, an estimate of feeding rates, were not significantly different at 20 and 24 °C (p > 0.50) but declined at 28 and 32 °C (p < 0.01). Filtration rates at 32 °C were only 27% of the rates at 20 °C. These results indicate that (i) the metabolic expenditure of Dreissena polymorpha rose 265% as the temperature rose from 20 to 32 °C, (ii) metabolism relied more heavily on lipids and carbohydrates at 20 and 24 °C while protein catabolism increased at 28 and 32 °C, and (iii) the potential feeding rates of D. polymorpha declined by 73% as temperature rose from 20 to 32 °C. Above 28 °C D. polymorpha was unable to match energy expenditures with concurrent food intake and forced to rely on stored fuels.

Juvenile sturgeon exhibit reduced physiological responses to exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4281-4289
Author(s):  
James D. Kieffer ◽  
Andrea M. Wakefield ◽  
Matthew K. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Excretion Rates

SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to determine the physiological responses to exercise of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) and shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum). We measured the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in both species and a variety of physiological parameters in both muscle (e.g. lactate, glycogen, pyruvate, glucose and phosphocreatine concentrations) and blood (e.g. osmolality and lactate concentration) in juvenile shortnose sturgeon following 5 min of exhaustive exercise.In both species, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates increased approximately twofold following exhaustive exercise. Post-exercise oxygen consumption rates decreased to control levels within 30 min in both sturgeon species, but post-exercise ammonia excretion rates remained high in Atlantic sturgeon throughout the 4 h experiment. Resting muscle energy metabolite levels in shortnose sturgeon were similar to those of other fish species, but the levels decreased only slightly following the exercise period and recovery occurred within an hour. Under resting conditions, muscle lactate levels were low (&lt;1 μmol g–1) but they increased to approximately 6 μmol g–1 after exercise, returning to control levels within 6 h. Unlike similarly stressed teleost fish, such as the rainbow trout, plasma lactate levels did not increase substantially and returned to resting levels within 2 h. Plasma osmolality was not significantly affected by exercise in shortnose sturgeon.Taken together, these results suggest that shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon do not exhibit the physiological responses to exhaustive exercise typical of other fish species. They may possess behavioural or endocrinological mechanisms that differ from those of other fishes and that lead to a reduced ability to respond physiologically to exhaustive exercise.

scholarly journals Metabolic response of Scapharca subcrenata to heat stress using GC/MS-based metabolomics

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8445
Author(s):  
Yazhou Jiang ◽  
Haifeng Jiao ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
Baojun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ark Shell ◽  
Scapharca Subcrenata ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Marine mollusks are commonly subjected to heat stress. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata, clams were exposed to different high temperatures (24, 28 and 32 °C) for 72 h. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were measured at 2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The results indicated that the metabolic rates of the ark shell significantly increased with increasing heat stress, accompanied by mortalities in response to prolonged exposure. A metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was further applied to assess the changes of metabolites in the mantle of the ark shell at 32 °C. Moreover, multivariate and pathway analyses were conducted for the different metabolites. The results showed that the heat stress caused changes in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, osmotic regulation, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism through different metabolic pathways. These results are consistent with the significant changes of oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate. The present study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of heat stress on intertidal bivalves and elucidates the relationship between individual-level responses and underlying molecular metabolic dynamics.

scholarly journals Metabolism of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two origins in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Uxío Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Mussel seed Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) was cultivated on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain), from seeding to thinning out, for 226 d (November 1995–July 1996) and two aspects of metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and ammonia excretion rate (VNH4-N) were studied in situ.The model derived from multiple analysis of oxygen consumption accounted for 91.9% of the variance, based on dry weight of the mussels and the environmental factors quality of food (organic content) and mainly chlorophyll-a. Seed origin also showed significant influence. The seasonal pattern of the oxygen consumption can be attributed mainly to the variation of chlorophyll-a, which showed a higher range of values in the spring months.Origin of seed did not show a homogeneous effect on oxygen consumption throughout the cultivation period. Collector rope mussels showed higher oxygen consumption values at the beginning of the cultivation period and after the first 15 d, but the rocky shore mussels showed a higher oxygen consumption between days 22 and 110. Energy-conserving patterns and lower condition index at the onset of the experiment for rocky shore mussels could explain these initial differences.Multiple analysis on the variation of ammonia excretion rate provided a model that accounted for 72.6% of the variance based on dry weight of mussels, seed origin and the environmental parameters chlorophyll-a and total particulate matter. The rocky shore mussels showed a significantly higher excretion values for most of the cultivation period, although there was no constant tendency throughout. High excretion values were recorded between January and March, whilst for the rest of the cultivation period values were low.The O:N index was higher in collector rope mussels for most of the cultivation period, which may suggest a more favourable energy metabolism and/or a more appropriate nutritional state for these specimens.

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