scholarly journals Shoulder muscles coordination during eccentric actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S421-S423
Author(s):  
N. A. Turpin ◽  
R. Martinez ◽  
M. Begon
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Eccentric Actions

scholarly journals Identifying and Evaluating Vocation-Related Neuro-Musculoskeletal Deficiencies in Professional Musicians: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Joseph Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

A combination of factors exposes musicians to neuro-musculoskeletal disorders, which lead to pain and damage. These involve overuse due to long playing hours, containing repetitive movements under stressful conditions, usually performed in an unnatural posture. Although the evoked disorders are usually non-traumatic, they may often lead to prolonged or even permanent damage. For instance, in upper string players, these include bursitis and tendinopathies of the shoulder muscles, tendonitis of the rotator cuff, injury at the tendon sheaths, medial or lateral epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow), myofascial pain, and wrist tendonitis (also known as carpal tunnel syndrome, or De Quervein’s syndrome). In cases of intensive performance, a traumatic injury may result, requiring drastic means of intervention such as surgery. It should be pointed out that the upper body and upper extremities are the most commonly affected sites of playing musicians. This review provides a description of the playing-related motor disorders in performing musicians, and of the methodologies used to identify and evaluate these disorders, particularly for violinists and other upper string players.

scholarly journals Electromyographic activity of the shoulder muscles during rehabilitation exercises in subjects with and without subacromial pain syndrome: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Kinsella ◽  
Tania Pizzari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Subacromial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Lower Amplitude

Background Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) is a common cause of shoulder pain and muscle activity deficits are postulated to contribute to the development and progression of the disorder. The purpose of this systematic review was to definitively determine whether evidence exists of differences in electromyography (EMG) characteristics between subjects with and without SPS. Methods Six key databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, PEDro and The Cochrane Library (inception to May 2016). The search yielded 1414 records using terms relating to shoulder impingement, EMG, scapular and rotator cuff muscles. Twenty-two papers remained once duplicates were removed and selection criteria applied. Data extraction, quality assessment and data synthesis were performed. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results There was limited evidence that serratus anterior has lower amplitude, delayed activation and earlier termination in SPS participants. For the majority of muscles, regardless of task, load or arm position, significant differences were not demonstrated or results were contradictory. Conclusions The understanding of SPS is changing and EMG appears unable to capture the complexities associated with this condition. Addressing aberrant movement patterns and facilitating balanced activation of all shoulder muscles may be a more appropriate treatment direction for the future.

Electromyographic analysis of shoulder muscles of men with low-level paraplegia during a weight relief raise

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Reyes ◽  
Joanne K. Gronley ◽  
Craig J. Newsam ◽  
Sara J. Mulroy ◽  
Jacquelin Perry
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

scholarly journals Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4033
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salem ◽  
Amr Hassan ◽  
Markus Tilp ◽  
Abdel-Rahman Akl
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Integrated Emg ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Electrical Muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activation and co-activation of selected muscles during the kettlebell single arm swing exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the muscle co-activation of a kettlebell single arm swing exercise. Nine volunteers participated in the present study (age: 22.6 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 80.4 ± 9.2 kg; height: 175.6 ± 7.5 cm). The electrical muscle activity of eight right agonist/antagonist muscles (AD/PD, ESL/RA, ESI/EO, and GM/RF) were recorded using a surface EMG system (Myon m320RX; Myon, Switzerland) and processed using the integrated EMG to calculate a co-activation index (CoI) for the ascending and descending phases. A significant effect of the ascending and descending phases on the muscles’ CoI was observed. Post hoc analyses showed that the co-activation was significantly higher in the descending phase compared to that in the ascending phase of AD/PD CoI (34.25 ± 18.03% and 24.75 ± 13.03%, p < 0.001), ESL/RA CoI (34.97 ± 17.86% and 24.19 ± 10.32%, p < 0.001), ESI/EO CoI (41.14 ± 10.72% and 30.87 ± 11.26%, p < 0.001), and GM/RF CoI (27.49 ± 12.97% and 34.98 ± 14.97%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the co-activation of the shoulder muscles varies within the kettlebell single arm swing. The highest level of co-activation was observed in the descending phase of AD/PD and GM/RF CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the descending phase, ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI. In addition, the highest level of co-activation was observed in the ascending phase of ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the ascending phase, AD/PD and GM/RF CoI. The co-activation index could be a useful method for the interpretation of the shoulder and core muscles’ co-activity during a kettlebell single arm swing.

PENGARUH SENAM JANTUNG SEHAT SERI-I TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG-PARU, KEKUATAN OTOT DAN KADAR TNF-? PLASMA PADA LANJUT USIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ajeng Fitria ◽  
Leonardo Lubis ◽  
Ambrosius Purba
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Back Muscle Strength ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

The increasing number of elderly and elderly life expectancy is a challenge for health workers. Decreased cardiac endurance, muscle strength and increased incidence of inflammation will occur in the elderly as we get older. health cardio exercises series-I is an aerobic exercise that has moderate intensity and is carried out for 30 minutes, research is needed to analyze the effect on cardiac endurance, muscle strength and decrease plasma TNF-? levels in the elderly. Research design with experimental method, pre-test and post-test design approach. The study was conducted for 4 weeks on 25 samples which were divided into 3 groups of frequency of health cardio exercises series-I to measure endurance of the heart. A 6-minute road test and muscle strength were used for hand grip strength dynamometer, test back and leg dynamometer. Measurement of plasma TNF-? levels is carried out using the Elisa method. The data was then analyzed using paired t-test to see differences before and after health cardio exercises series-I. The results showed health cardio exercises series-I performed 3x / mg can increase the heart's endurance compared to the frequency of 4x / mg and 5x / mg (-16.11 vs 15.62 vs -47.62 meters). health cardio exercises series-I frequency of 3x / mg and 4x / mg can increase back muscle strength (p-value = 0.019, p <0.05) and the frequency of 5x / mg can increase the strength of attractive shoulder muscles. (p-value = 0.033, p <0.05). Health cardio exercises series-I performed 3x / mg, 4x / mg and 5x / mg did not have a significant effect on plasma TNF-? protein expression in the elderly (0.506 vs 0.856 vs. 0.382, p <0.05). It is suggested that the elderly can do I-1 series heart exercise with a frequency of 3x / mg to increase the heart's lung endurance and back muscle strength, a health cardio exercises series-I 4x / mg series to increase muscle strength of the back back, a series of health cardio exercises series-I frequency of 5x / mg to increase attractive shoulder muscle strength.

scholarly journals Compensation for Interaction Torques During Single- and Multijoint Limb Movement

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2310-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Gribble ◽  
David J. Ostry
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Interaction Torque ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Multijoint Movements ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics ◽  
Interaction Torques ◽  
Elbow Motion

During multijoint limb movements such as reaching, rotational forces arise at one joint due to the motions of limb segments about other joints. We report the results of three experiments in which we assessed the extent to which control signals to muscles are adjusted to counteract these “interaction torques.” Human subjects performed single- and multijoint pointing movements involving shoulder and elbow motion, and movement parameters related to the magnitude and direction of interaction torques were manipulated systematically. We examined electromyographic (EMG) activity of shoulder and elbow muscles and, specifically, the relationship between EMG activity and joint interaction torque. A first set of experiments examined single-joint movements. During both single-joint elbow ( experiment 1) and shoulder ( experiment 2) movements, phasic EMG activity was observed in muscles spanning the stationary joint (shoulder muscles in experiment 1 and elbow muscles in experiment 2). This muscle activity preceded movement and varied in amplitude with the magnitude of upcoming interaction torque (the load resulting from motion of the nonstationary limb segment). In a third experiment, subjects performed multijoint movements involving simultaneous motion at the shoulder and elbow. Movement amplitude and velocity at one joint were held constant, while the direction of movement about the other joint was varied. When the direction of elbow motion was varied (flexion vs. extension) and shoulder kinematics were held constant, EMG activity in shoulder muscles varied depending on the direction of elbow motion (and hence the sign of the interaction torque arising at the shoulder). Similarly, EMG activity in elbow muscles varied depending on the direction of shoulder motion for movements in which elbow kinematics were held constant. The results from all three experiments support the idea that central control signals to muscles are adjusted, in a predictive manner, to compensate for interaction torques—loads arising at one joint that depend on motion about other joints.

scholarly journals Kinematics of Shoulder Injuries in Throwing Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Hongqiong Deng ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hong Xie ◽  
Shiwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Know How ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Classical Mechanism

Muscle injury mechanism should be studied to know how to prevent the muscle injuries. The purpose of this article is to construct a protecting model of shoulder injuries based on classical mechanism and kinematics in throwing sports like baseball pitching, badminton smash, volleyball smash, javelin throwing process etc, and then introduce the products design. Firstly, the biomechanics of muscle were analyzed based on Newton's classical mechanics; then a finite element analysis was used to simulate the shoulder muscles protection. Protective parameters were got to make the protective clothes; finally, the protective performance and the comfortableness has been evaluated by ten healthy participants with the mean age, height, body mass were 23.5 years (SD, 1.5), 1.75m (SD, 0.07), 60.5 kg (SD, 9.1), respectively. The throwing test including the baseball pitching, the badminton smash, the process of volleyball smash, and the javelin throwing process. Three protective clothes have been produced and all of them have a protective effect on the muscle while participants were doing the baseball pitching motion, the badminton smashes motion and the volleyball smash. And it has also met the requirement of the human body. But protecting effect each style given was different in different sports motions.

Effect of voluntary vs. artificial activation on the relationship of muscle torque to speed

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2215-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Dudley ◽  
R. T. Harris ◽  
M. R. Duvoisin ◽  
B. M. Hather ◽  
P. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Artificial Activation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eccentric Actions

The speed-torque relationship of the right knee extensor muscle group was investigated in eight untrained subjects (28 +/- 2 yr old). Torque was measured at a specific knee angle during isokinetic concentric or eccentric actions at nine angular velocities (0.17-3.66 rad/s) and during isometric actions. Activation was by "maximal" voluntary effort or by transcutaneous tetanic electrical stimulation that induced an isometric torque equal to 60% (STIM 1) or 45% (STIM 2) of the voluntary isometric value. Torque increased (P less than 0.05) to 1.4 times isometric as the speed of eccentric actions increased to 1.57 rad/s for STIM 1 and STIM 2. Thereafter, increases in eccentric speed did not further increase torque. Torque did not increase (P greater than 0.05) above isometric for voluntary eccentric actions. As the speed of concentric actions increased from 0.00 to 3.66 rad/s, torque decreased (P less than 0.05) more (P less than 0.05) for both STIM 1 and STIM 2 (two-thirds) than for voluntary activation (one-half). As a result of these responses, torque changed three times as much (P less than 0.05) across speeds of concentric and eccentric actions with artificial (3.4-fold) than voluntary (1.1-fold) activation. The results indicate that with artificial activation the normalized speed-torque relationship of the knee extensors in situ is remarkably similar to that of isolated muscle. The relationship for voluntary activation, in contrast, suggests that the ability of the central nervous system to activate the knee extensors during maximal efforts depends on the speed and type of muscle action performed.

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