Historical Perspectives Air Pollution: U.S. Public Health Service Pioneering Studies; Genesis of the Environmental Protection Agency

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
George D. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Historical Perspectives

Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dan Wood
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
Clean Air

A principal-agent perspective has been employed in recent studies to rediscover the importance of democratic hierarchies in shaping public bureaucratic outputs. I test the robustness of the hierarchy model for explaining outputs from an agency that has often been cast in the image of bureaucratic independence, the Environmental Protection Agency. Examining the effect of the Reagan presidency on EPA outputs for clean air, Box-Tiao models are constructed to explain shifts in the vigor of air pollution enforcements between 1977 and 1985. The analysis shows that the influence of elected institutions is limited when an agency has substantial bureaucratic resources and a zeal for their use. Moreover, under these conditions, bureaucracy can even move outputs in directions completely opposite from what a model of hierarchy would predict. The implication is that for some agencies it is necessary to give greater consideration to the agent in explaining implementation outcomes through time.

scholarly journals Sampling and analyses of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) emissions in South Africa: A practitioner’s guide

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
D.L. Posthumus ◽  
G.B. Woollatt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Draft Report ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Impact

Dioxins and furans are toxic chemicals. A draft report released for public comment in September 1994 by the US Environmental Protection Agency clearly describes dioxin as a serious public health threat. The public health impact of dioxins may rival the impact that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) had on public health in the 1960’s. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) report, not only does there appear to be no “safe” level of exposure to dioxin, but levels of dioxin and dioxin-like chemicals have been found in the general US population that are “at or near levels associated with adverse health effects.”  With this in mind the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current dioxin and furan emissions from industry in South Africa, in terms of compliance with the relevant emission limit values (ELVs) and the current challenges faced with the monitoring and analysis thereof.

THE EVOLUTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE COUNTY OF MARAMURE. BETWEEN 2006 AND 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maria Filip ◽  
◽  
Valeria Mirela Brezoczki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
County Level ◽  
Protection Agency

Global warming and climate change represent the most important problems of society. These are manly caused by air pollution and the increase of greenhouse gases. This paper presents a synthetic analysis of the evolution of greenhouse gases in the county of Maramureş over a period of 10 years, between 2006 and 2015, based on the data taken from the Environmental Protection Agency Maramureş, regarding the main greenhouse gases at county level, as well as the emission sources and their effects.

scholarly journals Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 2558-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Blundell ◽  
Gautam Gowrisankaran ◽  
Ashley Langer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
The Us

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a dynamic approach to enforcing air pollution regulations, with repeat offenders subject to high fines and designation as high priority violators (HPV). We estimate the value of dynamic enforcement by developing and estimating a dynamic model of a plant and regulator, where plants decide when to invest in pollution abatement technologies. We use a fixed grid approach to estimate random coefficient specifications. Investment, fines, and HPV designation are costly to most plants. Eliminating dynamic enforcement would raise pollution damages by 164 percent with constant fines or raise fines by 519 percent with constant pollution damages. (JEL Q52, Q53, Q58)

scholarly journals Florida's Pesticidal Substances Exempt from the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA-Section 25(b))

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
University Of Florida

Effective in 1996, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) exempted products containing 31 pesticidal active ingredients and 160 inert ingredients from FIFRA regulation. The EPA concluded that the exemption of these products would not pose unreasonable risks to public health or the environment. This document is PI-55, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 2005. PI-55/PI092: Florida's Pesticidal Substances Exempt from the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA-Section 25(b)) (ufl.edu)

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