scholarly journals The Effect of Linguistic Cohesion on Prose Comprehension

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Westpbal Irwin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Comprehension Process ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between the number of cohesive ties in a passage, as defined by Halliday and Hasan (1976), and free and prompted recall scores. Two versions of a passage on gibbons were developed, with one version containing about twice as many ties as the other. Sixty college students participated; each read one of the passage-versions and then, either immediately or after 20 minutes, recorded his/her free recall and answered the prompted-recall questions. Though there were no differences between the treatment groups in terms of the numbers of micro-level propositions recalled, there were significant differences between these groups in terms of the theoretical reading time/100-propositions-recalled ratios, the numbers of reported macro-level statements, and the numbers of prompted-recall questions answered correctly in the delayed condition. These results support theories stressing the importance of coherent links in the comprehension process and suggest a new “readability” variable.

Oppression

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Garcia ◽  
Dorothy Van Soest
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power Arrangements

A firm grasp of the nature of oppression, with its dynamics of power and its systemic character, is required so that social workers can avoid unintended collusion with pervasive oppressive systems if they are to be successful in promoting social and economic justice. Recognizing the relationship between macro-level and micro-level dynamics and their implications for practice is an substantive part of social work practice. This perspective includes attention to the ubiquitousness of privilege and oppression and the potential consequences of ignoring this reality as complicity in and normalizing exclusionary and marginalizing behaviors. This article discusses the concept of oppression, its dynamics and common elements, and anti-oppressive practices that can expose and dismantle oppressive relationships and systemic power arrangements.

Gendered Paths to Enlightenment: The Intersection of Gender and Religion in Buddhist Temples in Mainland China and the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 232949652096818
Author(s):  
Di Di
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple

This study explores how religious adherents construct their ideas regarding gender in Buddhist faith communities. Two temples, one in China and the other in the United States, both affiliated with the same international Buddhist headquarters, are situated in national contexts that endorse different macro-level gender norms. While leaders of both temples teach similar religious gender norms—specifically, that gender is unimportant for spiritual advancement—adherents do articulate gender differences in other respects. Buddhists at the temple in China believe that men and women differ but should be treated equally, with neither holding dominance over the other; meanwhile, U.S. practitioners also believe that everyone should be treated equally irrespective of gender, but they view men and women as essentially the same. A close analysis reveals that Buddhists at both temples recognize the distinctions between their religious and societal macro-level gender norms and navigate between these norms when constructing their own understandings of gender. This study highlights the influence of national context on the relationship between gender and religion, thereby contributing to and deepening our understanding of the subject.

Racial Prejudice among Christian and Non-Christian College Students

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Boivin ◽  
Harold W. Darling ◽  
Terry W. Darling
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian College ◽  
Racial Attitude ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Christian Conservatism ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Christianity and racial prejudice was evaluated by means of a questionnaire which included the Shepherd Scale, the Christian Conservatism Scale, and the Multifactor Racial Attitude Inventory. The instrument was administered to two groups of college psychology students, one predominantly Christian and the other predominatly non-Christian (low scorers on the Christian scales). Although the Christian group scored significantly higher on the Shepherd and Christian Conservatism Scales, no significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to racial prejudice. Furthermore, the dimension of Christianity and the dimension of racial prejudice were independent of one another with respect to correlational measures and a principal components factor analysis.

Bridging Levels of Public Administration: How Macro Shapes Meso and Micro

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
American History ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars in public administration now recognize three levels of analysis: macro, meso, and micro. But there is uncertainty about the relationship between levels and concern about a “schism” in research. However, linkages between levels can be demonstrated easily. At the macro-level, leaders develop an overall strategy for pursuing national priorities, which determines the broad architecture of the state. Institutions must be built, renovated, or managed to give effect to these strategies: This is the meso-level of public administration. Overall, strategies also shape the micro-level relationship between people who rule and people who are ruled. This is done by categorizing people—as subjects or citizens, for example—and by redefining categories. Macro-level strategies evolve, with consequences for the agenda at the meso- and micro-levels. Experience at lower levels also shapes strategy at the macro-level. The interaction among levels is illustrated by comparison of three eras in modern American history.

Late Scholastic Analyses of Inductive Reasoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-66
Author(s):  
Miroslav Hanke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

The late scholastic era was, among others, contemporary to the “emergence of probability”, the German academic philosophy from Leibniz to Kant, and the introduction of Newtonian physics. Within this era, two branches of the late-scholastic analysis of induction can be identified, one which can be thought of as a continual development of earlier scholastic approaches, while the other one absorbed influences of early modern philosophy, mathematics, and physics. Both branches of scholastic philosophy share the terminology of modalities, probability, and forms of (inductive) arguments. Furthermore, induction was commonly considered valid as a result of being a covert syllogism. Last but not least, there appears to be a difference in emphasis between the two traditions’ analyses of induction: while Tolomei discussed the theological presuppositions of induction, Amort’s “leges contingentium” exemplify the principles of induction by aleatory phenomena and Boscovich’s rules for inductive arguments are predominately concerned with the generalisation of macro-level observations to the micro-level.

scholarly journals So You Want to Be a Rock'n'Roll Scholar — Well You Need to Get an MBA

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Rob Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Rock And Roll ◽  
Record Industry ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stax Records

Stax Records was a record label based in Memphis, Tennessee from the late 1950s through December 1975, when it was forced into involuntary bankruptcy. "So You Want to Be a Rock and Roll Scholar — Well You Need to Get an MBA" uses Stax Records as a case study to problematize what has often been a tendency within popular music scholarship to attempt to understand the political economy of the record industry primarily via the mechanical application of Marxist theory on a macro level. In looking in detail at the relationship between CBS Records and Stax from 1972 through 1975, the author concludes that to fully understand the nature of the distribution agreement between the two companies, its ramifications, and the consequent subsequent actions of the various principals involved, all of which eventually led to Stax's bankruptcy, one needs to take into account on a micro level the different modi operandi of independent and major labels, differences in the retail world of black and white America, and individual agency. Finally, all of the above needs to be considered very specifically within a temporal framework. The final conclusions prove to be significantly different from what would have resulted from solely from a Marxist analysis on a macro level.

Entrepreneurs' Social Skills and New Venture Performance: Mediating Mechanisms and Cultural Generality

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Baron ◽  
Jintong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Venture Performance ◽  
Mediating Variables ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Venture Performance

This research seeks to extend previous findings concerning the relationship between entrepreneurs' social skills and new venture performance. Two potential mediators of such effects (entrepreneurs' success in obtaining information and essential resources) were investigated, and data were collected in a culture not included in previous studies (China). Results indicate that several social skills (e.g., social perception, expressiveness) are significantly related to measures of new venture performance and that these effects are indeed mediated by the two proposed mediating variables. Implications of these findings for efforts to understand how micro-level variables influence macro-level measures of new venture performance are discussed.

Shyness and Loneliness: Relationship to the Exercise Frequency of College Students

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Page ◽  
Jon Hammermeister
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the relationship between exercise frequency and measures of shyness and loneliness in a sample of 882 college students. Analysis provided evidence that higher shyness and loneliness scores were associated with not exercising and infrequent exercising. Also, subjects who exercise 7 times a week scored significantly lower than the other exercise-frequency groups. Analysis of covariance, controlling for possible confounding variables, gives further support.

The Initiation of Long-Term Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia: Dosage and Side Effect Comparisons Between Oral and Depot Fluphenazine*

1976 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina R. Schooler ◽  
J. Levine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis report focuses on two comparisons between oral and depot fluphenazine specifically FPZ decanoate: 1) can equivalent dosages for the two drugs be established and do these equivalencies change over six months of treatment; 2) what are the side effects seen with the two drugs during the early weeks of administration.Patients in the study receive either oral or depot FPZ as the active treatment but in order to preserve double blind conditions, they are also given the other treatment in placebo form. No dosage equivalence is established by the protocol, however, if dosage is adjusted, both forms must be changed and in the same direction. During the first weeks of treatment there is a linear relationship between the two dosage forms but a range of relatively low dosages of the oral compound (5-20 mg) is associated with a single dose (25 mg/q 3 weeks) of FPZ decanoate. At higher dosages of the oral drug the relationship is linear. Side effects of some kind are noted in over 60 percent of patients in both treatment groups after four weeks of treatment, while symptoms of at least moderate severity occur in almost 40 percent. Only symptoms involving the extrapyramidal system and sleep disturbance are observed in more than 20 percent of the patients. Benztropine was prescribed only if needed and was administered to 65 percent of patients. In general, those receiving benztropine had more side effects than those who did not. These differences reached significance for extrapyramidal symptoms and depression.Based on these data, we conclude that at the dosages used in this study there are no side effect differences between these two forms of fluphenazine in the early weeks of administration. Dosage equivalence between the two drugs can be set within the range of 5- 60 mg/day oral and 12.5-100 mg/three weeks depot.

Life Regrets and Death Attitudes in College Students

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Tomer ◽  
Grafton Eliason
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Life Regrets ◽  
Death Acceptance

The relationship between death attitudes and life regret was examined in college students. Two types of regret, past-related regret and future-related regret, were defined and measured. The results confirmed the hypothesis, based on a comprehensive model of death anxiety, that both types of regret independently predict fear and avoidance of death. Other background and self variables may affect death anxiety, usually indirectly, by influencing the two types of regret. Death acceptance, on the other hand, was found to be influenced directly by intrinsic religious motivation and indirectly by other background and self variables.

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