How Views on Death and Time Perspectives Relate to Palliative Care Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Terminal Care?

This study’s purpose was to explore how palliative care nurses’ views on death and time perspectives are related to their terminal care attitudes. A questionnaire survey—consisting of the Death Attitude Inventory, Experiential Time Perspective Scale, and the Japanese version of the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale—was administered to 300 individuals. Cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the way nurses perceive death, which revealed four types: Avoidant, middle, accepting, and indifferent. As a result of the analysis of variance on the terminal care attitudes, based on the types of views on death and time attitudes, it was found that the middle and accepting types, as well as the adaptive formation of time attitudes, were related to positive terminal care attitudes. In conclusion, more effective improvements in attitudes toward terminal care can be expected by incorporating time perspective, in addition to the conventional approaches focusing on death.

Scientific Attitude of Young Children through Literature and Project-Based Learning Organization

Young children’s scientific attitude is a basic norm of human kind to cultivated actual learning which has been an expected to be a curious, motivated, generous and responsible person. The study aims to investigate scientific attitude of young children through literature-based and project-based learning organization (LPBL). Participants were 25 of young children, age 5-6 years from Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Elementary), Thailand. The duration of experiment was 8 weeks, 4 days a week and 90 minutes per day that was 32 times. The research instruments were 32 LPBL learning plans, learning behavior observation forms, scientific attitude inventory, and debriefing focuses group interviews. The statistics used in the study were average and standard deviation. The results showed that young children have scientific attitudes was at high level by means of LPBL learning organization. The qualitative data supported that they express scientific attitude accordance with nature of learning.

Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory for Hospital Staff

Background: The life attitude of health care workers can deeply influence the quality of care. Examining the performance of the Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory (SF-LAI), this study analyzes the factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the revised SF-LAI across genders and professions among the staff of a teaching medical center.Methods: The SF-LAI was developed for university students in Taiwan. From January to February 2019, we administered a cross-sectional survey of life attitudes by distributing the SF-LAI to all staff members of a medical center in Taiwan. The construct validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Model fit was assessed in terms of the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. We also performed the CFA invariance analysis for the SF-LAI-R across genders and professions (physician, nurse and other hospital staff). Results: Of 884 (24.62%) responses, 835 were valid. The participants had a mean age of 47.8 years, and 20.12% were male. In a comparison of multiple CFAs, a second-order model with six factors outperformed other models. The goodness of fit indices revealed the CFI was 0.955, TFI was 0.952, RMSEA was 0.071, and SRMR was 0.038. The Cronbach’s alphas for composite reliability and internal consistency were all greater than 0.8. The first and second-order model had metric and scalar invariance across genders and professions.Conclusions: As health care demands evolve, humanities are becoming more important in medical education. Life attitude of hospital care worker is a crucial indicator of whether one embodies the ideals of a humanistic education. The revised SF-LAI has acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, and invariance across genders and professions among staff members of a teaching medical center.

Effects of Adherence to Pharmacological Treatment on the Recovery of Patients with Schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adherence to antipsychotic treatment on the recovery of patients with schizophrenia in northern Chile. One hundred and fifty-one patients diagnosed with schizophrenia completed the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS), Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS-24), sociodemographic information, and clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with schizophrenia. Multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression was then performed to identify variables that were potentially associated with the recovery assessment (variable criterion). A significant association was found between adherence to antipsychotic medication and the Willing to Ask for Help dimension of Recovery (β = 0.239, p = 0.005). Association of clinical and socio-demographic variables with recovery were identified: negative symptoms with Personal Confidence and Hope (β = −0.341, p = 0.001) and Goal and Success Orientation (β = −0.266, p = 0.014); cognitive symptoms with Willing to Ask for Help (β = −0.305, p = 0.018) and no domination by symptoms (β = −0.351, p = 0.005); marital status with reliance on others (β = −0.181, p = 0.045); age with Personal Confidence and Hope (β = −0.217, p = 0.021), Goal and Success Orientation (β = −0.296, p = 0.003), and no domination by symptoms (β = 0.214, p = 0.025). Adherence has a positive relationship with personal recovery in this sample of Chilean patients with schizophrenia.

Attitudes of education and rehabilitation students towards individuals with intellectual disabilities

The attitudes of education and rehabilitation students towards people with intellectual disabilities are very important, because they aim to be future professionals who will provide educational and rehabilitation treatment to these people, as well as advocates for their rights and needs. This study aimed to analyse the attitudes of students towards people with intellectual disabilities and to determine whether their attitudes differed based on self assessments and sources of knowledge about intellectual disabilities, ways of getting to know a person with intellectual disabilities, and number of years of education. The study involved 100 students undergoing their first cycle of studies at the Faculty for Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla. The Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory-Revised (MRAI-R) and a general questionnaire were used in this study. The results show that students express positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities, they are positive about educational integration of these people, and respect their rights. They do not express to need to socially distance from them and do not attribute unfavourable characteristics to these people. There were no differences in attitudes based on self-assessments of knowledge and the sources of knowledge about intellectual disabilities, or the way in which they got to know a person with intellectual disabilities. There was a significant difference in attitudes based on the number of years of education: fourth-year students were observed to express the highest degree of positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities globally and towards the integration of these people in society, and they expressed the lowest level of social distance. Given the small sample of research subjects, as well as the fact that the study involved students of one education and rehabilitation faculty. in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the results obtained and the conclusions derived from them should be considered with caution. Future research should include a larger sample of education and rehabilitation students to verify the results obtained in this study.

Authenticity and Self-realization of Personality in Early Adulthood

In the process of personality establishment the individual's self-realization and ability to be oneself (i.e authentic path of development) are of paramount importance. This article deals with an empirical examination of the relationship between one's authenticity and self-realization. We suggested that personality authenticity has something to do with certain aspects of self-realization in early adulthood, which came as the hypothesis of the research. 81 respondents (37 males, 44 females) aged 22-37 took part in it. The following research methodologies were used: Authenticity Scale (adapted by S.K. Nartova-Bochaver et al), ‘The Purpose-in-Life orientations’ test, "Self-attitude" inventory (SAMOAL). The respondents were surveyed online using Google Forms. It has been revealed in the study that between parameters of authenticity on the one hand and parameters of self-attitude, self-actualization, meaning, awareness on the other there are statistically significant correlations which suggest certain interrelated personality tendencies in the manifestations of authenticity and self-realization.

The importance of moral framing in pro-environmental behaviour – a field study

Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) amongst the general public is recognised as an important part of solutions to long-term human sustainability, but describing and predicting it is complex and further experimental evidence is required to do so reliably. This research takes one model, the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (CADM), and tested it for predictive validity in a field experiment by linking covertly observed, anonymous data on domestic thermostat usage to values, attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intentions. An experimental manipulation was employed in order to demonstrate causality of predictor variables on behaviour.The well established ‘attitude-behaviour gap’ is observed as expected, but results provide support for the CADM in terms of predicting actual behaviour. Within this, the moralising of an issue (or not) showed the greatest correlation with actual behaviour ie. those who regard thermostat setting as a moral issue are more likely to show the pro-environmental behaviour above all other predictor variables, including intention. The experimental manipulation did not show a significant effect, demonstrating the difficulties of producing real-world behaviour change. Other key findings suggest that, contrary to other studies, in this case self-control does not increase pro-environmental behaviour. In addition, despite criticism of the New Environmental Paradigm as a scale to measure general environmental attitudes this study shows that it performs very similarly to its main alternative, the Environmental Attitude Inventory. Implications and future research are considered, in particular the need to further understand the mechanisms by which certain issues become moralised whilst other do not.

Integrated CARE: Adaptation of Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE) Model for Use in Integrated Behavioral Pediatric Care

The authors adapted the established Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE) interaction model for use in integrated behavioral health clinics. CARE was modified for delivery in the examination room, during routine primary care visits. Adopting a real-world implementation approach, clinical social workers were trained in the new model—IntegratedCARE—and provided the brief, 3-session treatment to 30 different parent-child dyads. Measurements included the Parental Stress Index–4 Short Form (PSI 4-SF), the Eyberg Childhood Behavior Inventory (ECBI), and the Therapy Attitude Inventory (TAI). There was a statistically significant mean score decrease on the both subscales of the ECBI at pre- and posttreatment. Scores on the TAI indicated that participants were satisfied with the treatment. Attrition rates were somewhat lower than similar studies. Findings indicate the IntegratedCARE model is feasible for sustainable delivery by trained behavioral health professionals in primary care.

A Study of Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Attitude of B.Ed. Students

Emotional intelligence plays an active role in the formation of an individual's personality, interest, and attitude. This study has been conducted on 120 B.Ed. students to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and teaching attitude. Mangal's Emotional Intelligence Scale and Teacher Attitude Inventory are used as tools. The product-moment correlation is used for analysis. A positive and significant correlation is found between teaching attitude and emotional intelligence. It indicates that the students who have better emotional intelligence, have a positive attitude towards teaching.