The Effect of Halal Products and Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions with Purchase Interest as Mediating Variables

This study aims to know and clarify the influence of halal products and brand image on purchasing decisions with purchase intentions as mediating variables. Respondent – 98 employees (purposive sampling). Data collection is conducted through interviews and questionnaires. The data in the analysis uses path analysis (software SmartPls 3.0). The results of the study showed that: (1) Halal Products have a significant positive effect on Purchase Intentions. (2) Brand Image has a significant positive effect on Purchase Intention. (3) Purchase Intention as a mediator in this study has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision. (4) Halal products have a significant positive effect on Purchasing Decisions. (5) Brand Image has a significant positive effect on Purchasing Decisions. (6) Purchase Intention mediates Halal Products to Purchase Decisions and (7) Purchase Intention do not mediate Brand Image against Purchasing Decisions.

The Relation Between Television Viewing Time and Reading Achievement in Elementary School Children: A Test of Substitution and Inhibition Hypotheses

Research has focused on the relations between television (TV) viewing time and children’s reading achievement. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relation. The substitution hypothesis proposes that TV viewing distracts students from activities that are important for their learning. The inhibition hypothesis proposes that watching television inhibits important affective/cognitive skills. In this study, we test both hypotheses by estimating the relation between TV viewing time and reading achievement. We use the frequency of students’ leisure reading and the frequency of interactions between students and their parents as potential mediators to test the substitution hypothesis, whereas for the inhibition one, we use students’ intrinsic motivation to read and their level of inattention. Data come from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Designed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec, QLSCD covers a wide range of themes. The QLSCD is representative of children in Québec and contains 2223 participants who were followed from 0 to 21 years old. The four structural models tested are built as follows: the TV viewing time at 6 years old predicts the four mediating variables at 8 years old, which in turn predicts reading achievement at 10 years old. In addition, we have tested models’ gender invariance. Results indicate that TV viewing time is not directly or indirectly associated with reading achievement. Specifically, it is not associated with the mediating variables of child-parent interactions, intrinsic motivation, and inattention. However, the frequency of leisure reading is negatively associated with the time spent watching TV. This association is very small (−0.07) and has no indirect effect on reading achievement. Finally, results do not vary according to the gender of the participants. Our results are in line with those of previous studies in the field and cast some doubts on the potential negative effects of TV viewing time on reading achievement.

Hong Kong secondary students’ perspectives on selecting test difficulty level and learner washback: Effects of a graded approach to assessment

This sequential mixed-methods study investigates washback on learning in a high-stakes school exit examination by examining learner perceptions and reported behaviours in relation to learners’ beliefs and language learning experience, the role of other stakeholders in the washback mechanism, and socio-educational forces. The focus is the graded approach of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education English Language Examination (HKDSE-English), incorporated in 2012, that allows test-takers to choose between easier and more difficult sections for reading and listening-integrated skills papers. Inductive coding of focus groups involving 12 secondary students fed into the development of the Washback on Students’ Learning questionnaire, which was administered to another 150 learners. Exploratory factor analyses of identified washback effects revealed four major types straddling different settings (classrooms, tutorial schools, learners’ personal environment), and seven categories of mediating variables pertaining to learners themselves, other stakeholders, and societal influences. Simultaneous multiple regressions identified influential clusters of mediating variables and showed the strongest predictors for each macro-level washback type varied. At least one intrinsic and one extrinsic factor category significantly contributed to all types, reaffirming learner washback as a socially situated, negotiated construct. Implications related to the consequences, use, and fairness of the graded approach are discussed.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance Through Work Climate and Organizational Commitment

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance with work climate and organizational commitment as mediating variables. The research is conducted in the Ministry of Education of Timor-Leste. The population of this study was 765 employees in the Ministry of Education. The hypothesis testing is conducted using Smart-PLS 3.0. The results showed that transformational leadership had no effect on employee performance. The results showed that the work climate and organizational commitment play a full role in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance. This research is based on the inconsistency result of the previous studies on the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance. The inconsistency of the results of previous studies is a gap in this study. This research will integrate the work climate and organizational commitment as a mediating role in the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance.

The Mediating Effect of Money Growth And General Public Consumption In The Fiscal Deficit-Inflation-Growth Nexus of The West African Monetary Zone: A Multilevel Structural Model Approach

The effect of fiscal deficit on inflation and growth, has been a highly contested issue in economics. Studies on the issue generally have sought to ascertain whether deficit in the fiscal balance has positive or negative effect on inflation and/or growth, neglecting the question of mediating variables in the process. In this study, we consider the consequences of selected mediating variables, money growth and general public consumption, in the context of the relationship among fiscal deficit, inflation and growth in the case of the West African Monetary Zone. The study is based on Multilevel Structural Model (1, 1, 1) within the framework of dynamic structural equation model. We found that when the relationship between inflation and fiscal deficit is mediated by growth of money, it does not show any statistical credibility, thus, member-countries are not prone to finance deficits by expanding growth of money. On the other hand, general public consumption is a statistically credible mediator between fiscal deficit and growth, but its effect is negative on growth. This implies that increased general public consumption occasioned by increased fiscal deficit is counter-productive to growth outcomes in the sub-region.

strength of internal service quality on employee’s turnover intention and job satisfaction to organizational commitment

The purpose of this research is to examine the direct and indirect effects of internal service quality (ISQ) on turnover intention through job satisfaction and organizational commitment as mediating variables. There were 208 employees of Banks in Ternate, Indonesia, participating as the subjects of this research. In this research, Staying or Leaving Index, Job Descriptive Index, Organizational Commitment Scale and SERVQUAL are used to measure employee’s turnover intention, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and ISQ, respectively. In the data analysis, a Path Process Micro Analysis was employed. The result of data analysis showed that ISQ has a direct effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Indirectly, ISQ also has an effect on turnover intention through job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Directly, the effect of ISQ on turnover intention is higher than indirect effect through mediating variables. The implication of this research results will be specially presented in the discussion.

How Does Organizational Compassion Motivate Employee Innovative Behavior: A Cross-Level Mediation Model

This study aims to explore the mediating mechanisms between organizational compassion and employee innovative behavior by introducing perceived insider status and felt responsibility for constructive change (FRCC) as mediating variables. Drawing on cognitive-affective personality system theory, a cross-level mediation model was established. Data were collected via the online-based questionnaire from 420 employees of 12 enterprises in China. Multilevel path modeling was leveraged to examine hypotheses proposed in this study. The results indicate that FRCC mediates the relationship between organizational compassion and employee innovative behavior. Moreover, perceived insider status and FRCC serially mediate the relationship between organizational compassion and employee innovative behavior. This study has significant theoretical and practical implications as it is the first study to investigate the value of organizational compassion to employee innovative behavior at the workplace.

Moderating Multiple Mediation Model of the Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Employee Innovative Behavior

Leadership is an important antecedent variable of employee innovative behavior. In previous studies, the influence of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior mainly focus on one mediating variable, which may lead to a deviation in parameter estimation due to the omission of other mediating variables. According to the social cognitive theory and motivation theory and from the perspective of cognitive–motivation integration, this study establishes a moderating multi-mediation model to understand the impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior. Psychological safety and creative self-efficacy are used as mediating variables, and innovation rewards are used as moderating variables. The data are collected from 418 employees of the manufacturing industry in China. The results show that, at first, inclusive leadership has a positive effect on employee innovative behavior. Secondly, both psychological safety and creative self-efficacy play partial mediating effects between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior, with the effect of the former being significantly smaller than that of the latter. Thirdly, innovation rewards positively moderate the relationships of “psychological safety—employee innovative behavior” and of “creative self-efficacy—employee innovative behavior.” Fourthly, innovation rewards positively moderate the indirect effect of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior through psychological safety and creative self-efficacy. These findings are not only helpful to expand how inclusive leadership influences the innovative behavior of employees but also provides some suggestions for enterprise innovation development.