scholarly journals Opposition party organizational features, ideological orientations, and elite co-optation in electoral autocracies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Berker Kavasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Opposition Party ◽  
Organizational Features

Important Terms And Conditions Of Marriage Agreement In Islamic Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Nigora Yusupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Religious Literacy ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Today, a comprehensive study of social aspects, cultural and spiritual, as well as socio-economic, legal, educational and organizational features of family relations is one of the questions of the hour. The relevance of the issue is that, first of all, at the present stage of development of our society, it is socially necessary to conduct a scientific analysis of the Islamic doctrine regarding family relations in the process of increasing the spirituality of the Uzbek people, including religious literacy. Secondly, when analyzing and studying the basic principles of Sharia norms, it is necessary to correctly use this knowledge in the search for solutions to issues, reasons, and the nature of growing family divorces, which is very relevant today. In this regard, this article highlights the essence and characteristics, as well as the socio-economic, spiritual and cultural foundations of the conditions and obstacles to marriage, in Islamic teachings, which were considered in the region as traditions. The article also examines and comparatively analyzes the religious, spiritual, legal, economic and educational factors of the conditions of marriage: free mutual consent to marriage, participation of witnesses in marriage, equality, makhr; circumstances that prevent marriage: a ban on marriage between relatives, issues of marriageable age under Islamic law with the norms of family law.

TV Debates in Media Contexts: How and When Do TV Debates Have an Effect on Learning Processes?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Wagner ◽  
Elena Werner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The Media ◽  
Panel Survey Data

This chapter examines the effect of TV debates on political knowledge conditioned by the media context. We argue that TV debates take place in a wider media context and the extent of citizens’ learning processes about issue positions depends also on the informational context in general. We test four hypotheses: while the first three hypotheses concern the conditional impact of media issue coverage and debate content, the last hypothesis addresses the differences between incumbent and challenger. Using media content analyses and panel survey data, our results confirm the hypotheses that (1) when an issue is addressed in a TV debate, viewers tend to develop a perception of the parties’ positions on this issue, but (2) only if this issue has not been addressed extensively in the media beforehand. This learning effect about parties’ positions is bigger for the opposition party.

Outlawing Opposition, Imposing Rule of Law: Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Benjamin LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Empirical Fact

Abstract Cambodia's Constitution, promulgated in September 1993, was to be the foundation of a transition to liberal, multiparty democracy. Yet, despite the document's seeming commitment to those very principles, constitutional provisions are frequently used to undermine liberal rule of law and to impose restrictions on political processes, freedoms, and rights. Focusing on the events of 2016–2017, including the jailing of opposition politicians, controversial legal reforms, and the dissolution of the country's foremost opposition party, this article demonstrates how authoritarian practices in Cambodia are framed in terms of adherence – even fidelity – to the Constitution. Further, it explores how ideas of ‘stability’ and ‘law and order’ often elide with those of rule of law in discourses and practices that simultaneously exalt and hollow out the normative power of the Constitution. This article posits that a socio-legal approach that pays particular attention to discourse can shed new light on the empirical fact of authoritarian constitutionalism, but also the processes of meaning-making that accompany, facilitate, and legitimize its practice. Far from merely a sham, then, Cambodia's Constitution – like many others – is imbricated in a complex web of contestation and legitimation that extends far beyond the walls of any courtroom.

scholarly journals Promiscuous molecules for smarter file operations in DNA-based data storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Tomek ◽  
Kevin Volkel ◽  
Elaine W. Indermaur ◽  
James M. Tuck ◽  
Albert J. Keung
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Biomolecular Structure ◽  
Jpeg Images ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Background Database ◽  
Organizational Features

AbstractDNA holds significant promise as a data storage medium due to its density, longevity, and resource and energy conservation. These advantages arise from the inherent biomolecular structure of DNA which differentiates it from conventional storage media. The unique molecular architecture of DNA storage also prompts important discussions on how data should be organized, accessed, and manipulated and what practical functionalities may be possible. Here we leverage thermodynamic tuning of biomolecular interactions to implement useful data access and organizational features. Specific sets of environmental conditions including distinct DNA concentrations and temperatures were screened for their ability to switchably access either all DNA strands encoding full image files from a GB-sized background database or subsets of those strands encoding low resolution, File Preview, versions. We demonstrate File Preview with four JPEG images and provide an argument for the substantial and practical economic benefit of this generalizable strategy to organize data.

scholarly journals Constructing an Urban Drug Ecology in 1970s Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Greg Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The City

In 1970, youthful researchers carried out participant-observer studies of the drug scene in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax. This ethnographic research, prepared for the federal Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs (the LeDain Commission), was part of the commission’s extensive series of unpublished studies. The commission, which released an initial report in 1970, one on cannabis in 1972 and a final report in 1973, adopted a broad approach to the issue of drugs and society. This article examines the unpublished studies as examples of social science “intelligence gathering” on urban social problems. The reports discussed the local market in illegal drugs, its geographic patterns and organizational features, the demographic characteristics of drug sellers and consumers, the culture of the drug scene, and the attitudes of users. Unlike earlier sociological and anthropological studies that focused on prisoners and lower-class “junkies” or more recent studies that examine marginalized inner-city populations, the city studies reflected the era’s fixation on middle-class youth culture and the addiction-treatment sphere’s growing concern with amphetamine abuse.

scholarly journals Model of pedagogical education of the modern university

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Khoruzha ◽  
Maria Bratco
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Leadership Potential ◽  
Pedagogical Training ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Organizational Features

The article actualizes the problem of pedagogical education in accordance with the new conceptual principles of its development; there is an attempt to describe a model of educational and scientific complex for higher pedagogical education on the example of the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. The activity of the complex corresponds to the principles of integrity, continuity, regularity, openness, variability of professional training forms. Management of such a complex has an adaptive character and is determined by the purposefulness, consistency, resource availability, the interaction of control and controlled subsystems. The authors identify varieties of continuous pedagogical education; characterize the main organizational features of training specialists at different stages of pedagogical education, taking into account its varieties; varied forms of continuous pedagogical education are distinguished at the appropriate stages (pre-professional, adaptive-professional, system-professional, acme-professional). Each of the stages has its own content, which corresponds to modern educational trends: the introduction of competence, person-oriented, and activity approaches; development of innovative thinking and leadership potential; creating conditions for inclusive education, etc. This way provides favorable conditions for the professional-personal formation of a pedagogue at all stages of this process: from the defining of professional intentions to improving pedagogical skills. The article focuses on the advantages of introducing the proposed model, which are seen in the diversification of pedagogical training, expanding the competence field of pedagogical knowledge and skills usage; in creating a dynamic educational environment, and in motivating higher education graduates to self-organization in the process of building their own professional development trajectory.

scholarly journals Hungary: Orban’s atypical programme of solving the crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-319
Author(s):  
Misa Djurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the political and economic situation in Hungary in the last several years. The author firstly points to the causes of decline of influence of the previous socialist government and the heavy defeat of the socialists in the 2010 elections and the success of the right party Fidesz. After winning the elections, the Viktor Orban government started, at an accelerated rate, to implement the pre-election programme of Fidesz that had been prepared for a long time while it was an opposition party. The author is of the opinion that this programme is atypical, very radical and unique by many characteristics in the Europe of today. He points out that only a year after Fidesz victory the government and the parliament adopted quite a number of laws, a new Constitution and a set of risky measures of recovery that should lead to a substantial economic reform. The author particularly underlines the fact that the government decided to break of negotiation with IMF, reject its recommendations and try to overcome over-indebtedness by carrying out its own ideas.

scholarly journals ME-VAE: Multi-Encoder Variational AutoEncoder for Controlling Multiple Transformational Features in Single Cell Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Ternes ◽  
Mark Dane ◽  
Marilyne Labrie ◽  
Gordon Mills ◽  
Joe Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Cell Image ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Cell Image Analysis ◽  
Organizational Features

AbstractImage-based cell phenotyping relies on quantitative measurements as encoded representations of cells; however, defining suitable representations that capture complex imaging features is challenging since there are many obstacles, including segmentation and identifying subcellular compartments for feature extraction. Variational autoencoder (VAE) approaches produce encouraging results by mapping from an image to a representative descriptor, and outperform classical hand-crafted features for morphology, intensity, and texture at differentiating data. Although VAEs show promising results for capturing morphological and organizational features in tissue, single cell image analyses based on VAEs often fail to identify biologically informative features due to the intrinsic amount of uninformative variability. Herein, we propose a multi-encoder VAE (ME-VAE) in single cell image analysis using transformed images as a self-supervised signal to extract transform-invariant biologically meaningful features. We show that the proposed architecture improves analysis by making distinct populations more separable compared to traditional VAEs and intensity measurements by enhancing phenotypic differences between cells and by improving correlations to other modalities.

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