Failure of hypothesis evaluation as a factor in delusional belief

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Max Coltheart ◽  
Martin Davies
AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110285
Author(s):  
Tom Rosman ◽  
Samuel Merk

We investigate in-service teachers’ reasons for trust and distrust in educational research compared to research in general. Building on previous research on a so-called “smart but evil” stereotype regarding educational researchers, three sets of confirmatory hypotheses were preregistered. First, we expected that teachers would emphasize expertise—as compared with benevolence and integrity—as a stronger reason for trust in educational researchers. Moreover, we expected that this pattern would not only apply to educational researchers, but that it would generalize to researchers in general. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the pattern could also be found in the general population. Following a pilot study aiming to establish the validity of our measures (German general population sample; N = 504), hypotheses were tested in an online study with N = 414 randomly sampled German in-service teachers. Using the Bayesian informative hypothesis evaluation framework, we found empirical support for five of our six preregistered hypotheses.


2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Srivastava ◽  
Arnold Wright ◽  
Theodore J. Mock

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Fishbain ◽  
Steve Barsky ◽  
Myron Goldberg

The authors describe a forty-one-year-old female with possible monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (MHP): a delusional belief that she had contracted rabies. This is the first report of this type of delusion in MHP. The patient failed to respond to multiple somatic therapies and finally made a serious suicide attempt. The authors discuss the reasons for the failed treatment and suggest a sequential protocol for treatment of MHP based on the current literature.


1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1091-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Langford ◽  
Robert Hunting

480 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 29 years participated in an experiment in which they were asked to evaluate hypotheses from quantified first-order predicate logic specifying that certain classes of event were necessarily, possibly, or certainly not included within a universe of discourse. Results were used to test a two-stage model of performance on hypothesis evaluation tasks that originated in work on the evaluation of conditionals. The two-stage model, unlike others available, successfully predicted the range of patterns of reply observed. In dealing with very simple hypotheses subjects in this age range tended not to make use of alternative hypotheses unless these were explicitly or implicitly suggested to them by the task. This tells against complexity of hypothesis as an explanation of the reluctance to use alternative hypotheses in evaluating standard conditionals.


1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Mcmillan ◽  
Joseph Noone ◽  
Tom Tombaugh

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has made a wide impact not limited to those persons who have or are likely to contact it. A case history of a man with a near-delusional belief he had AIDS is presented to exemplify the individual issues that concern about AIDS may raise. Thorough exploration of the dynamic interplay of biological, psychological and social factors is recommended in each case before reassurance may be effective. Psychiatric consultation should assist in developing optimal intervention in each individual case.


Author(s):  
Arthur Sinkman

Capgras is the delusional belief that people in the sufferer’s life are not who they seem to be, but are identical duplicates who have been substituted for the originals. The copy looks just like the original, although the patient may sometimes notice minor and imaginary differences between the original and the copy, differences that the patient cites as confirmatory evidence that the person is indeed an impostor. Although Capgras was initially thought to occur only during psychotic episodes, it has now been recognized to occur in patients suffering from certain brain conditions as well. Capgras is one of several misidentification syndromes. Other misidentification syndromes, such as the Fregoli delusion and delusion of intermetamorphosis, also are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2095297
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adil Shah Khoodoruth ◽  
Yasser Saeed Khan

There are very few existing reports in adolescents about the clinical presentation and treatment challenges associated with body dysmorphic disorder coexisting with suicidal behaviour. This case report describes a 13-year old male with body dysmorphic disorder, who was completely convinced that his belief related to the disorder is true (delusional belief) and therefore had no insight into his condition. His preoccupation with the shape of his nose progressed significantly over a 2-year period to the extent that he wore a surgical mask on a daily basis to camouflage the perceived defect. The distress due to the persistent preoccupation and intrusive thinking became so severe that he started to experience suicidal ideation and attempted suicide twice with no harm sustained. This case report focuses on three treatment challenges faced by the treating team: the need of continued treatment with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy following a cosmetic procedure, the impact of the mother’s preoccupation with her physical appearance on the recovery of the young person, and the management of suicidality. We have also highlighted the probable causative factors of the development of the illness in this patient which are consistent with the established aetiology of body dysmorphic disorder.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-605
Author(s):  
Maria-Angeliki Gkini ◽  
Joao Nogueira ◽  
Tanyo Tanev ◽  
Padma Mohandas ◽  
Ruth Taylor ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S412-S412
Author(s):  
V. Martí Garnica ◽  
M.D. Ortega Garcia ◽  
M.Á. Bernal López ◽  
J.R. Russo De león ◽  
S. García Marín

Chronic delusional disorder encompasses what classical termed as paranoia and paraphrenia. This disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more non-bizarre, permanent and systematized delusions. Cognitive functions of the patient not affected, judgment and reason are not affected if the subject is not addressed delirious. Delusional theme includes life-like experiences, including: persecution – persecutory type –, suffering from a disease – somatic type –, to be loved by someone famous – erotomaniac type –, the partner is unfaithful – jealous type – or having a special quality or gift – megalomaniac type –. Usually, patients lack awareness of mental illness and often prior to contact with mental health, made a pilgrimage by different specialists looking for an organic explanation.The description of a case report of a 47-year-old male who has a delusional belief body deformity secondary to manipulation by a physiotherapist suffering a muscular pain in the lumbar region is performed. Prior to psychiatric diagnosis, begins a long journey by different specialists.As a consequence, somatic-type delusional disorder is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment in the medical field because it is required a multidisciplinary approach for these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


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