Individual differences in emotion lateralisation and the processing of emotional information arising from social interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Bourne ◽  
Dawn Watling
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Information

scholarly journals High emotional contagion and empathy are associated with enhanced detection of emotional authenticity in laughter

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2355-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Neves ◽  
Carolina Cordeiro ◽  
Sophie K Scott ◽  
São Luís Castro ◽  
César F Lima
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Communicative Act

Nonverbal vocalisations such as laughter pervade social interactions, and the ability to accurately interpret them is an important skill. Previous research has probed the general mechanisms supporting vocal emotional processing, but the factors that determine individual differences in this ability remain poorly understood. Here, we ask whether the propensity to resonate with others’ emotions—as measured by trait levels of emotional contagion and empathy—relates to the ability to perceive different types of laughter. We focus on emotional authenticity detection in spontaneous and voluntary laughs: spontaneous laughs reflect a less controlled and genuinely felt emotion, and voluntary laughs reflect a more deliberate communicative act (e.g., polite agreement). In total, 119 participants evaluated the authenticity and contagiousness of spontaneous and voluntary laughs and completed two self-report measures of resonance with others’ emotions: the Emotional Contagion Scale and the Empathic Concern scale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. We found that higher scores on these measures predict enhanced ability to detect laughter authenticity. We further observed that perceived contagion responses during listening to laughter significantly relate to authenticity detection. These findings suggest that resonating with others’ emotions provides a mechanism for processing complex aspects of vocal emotional information.

The Structure Among Measures of Personality, Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study that employed measures of personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms that have been the focus of recent research in individual differences. These measures were given to a sample of participants (N = 1,255) who were enrolled at 25 US colleges and universities. Factor analysis of the correlation matrix produced four factors. Three of these factors corresponded to the domains of Personality/Amoral Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms; one factor, Conservatism, cut across the domains. Cognitive ability showed negative correlation with conservatism and amoral social attitudes. The study also examined gender and ethnic group differences on factor scores. The overall interpretation of the findings is consistent with the inside-out view of human social interactions.

The Science of Emotional Intelligence

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Salovey ◽  
Daisy Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Branch Model

This article provides an overview of current research on emotional intelligence. Although it has been defined in many ways, we focus on the four-branch model by Mayer and Salovey (1997) , which characterizes emotional intelligence as a set of four related abilities: perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions. The theory provides a useful framework for studying individual differences in abilities related to processing emotional information. Despite measurement obstacles, the evidence in favor of emotional intelligence is accumulating. Emotional intelligence predicts success in important domains, among them personal and work relationships.

Teaching Nonhandicapped Students about Individual Differences: A Pilot Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stainback ◽  
Susan Stainback ◽  
Catherine Hatcher ◽  
Marlene Strathe ◽  
Harriet Healy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
The Social

The lack of social acceptance of handicapped students by their nonhandicapped peers has been cited as a major deterrent to the success of mainstreaming (Strain, 1982). While this problem has been recognized, there has been little empirical investigation of ways to deal with the social acceptance issue beyond direct training of the handicapped in appropriate social behavior development (Gresham 1981). The primary purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of training nonhandicapped students about individual differences on their social interactions with rejected handicapped students. The results of the investigation provide initial evidence that training nonhandicapped students about individual differences influences their social interactions with their rejected handicapped peers in a small group setting.

Problem-solving performance in wild Steller’s jays using a string-pulling task

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Derek P. Harvey ◽  
Jeffrey M. Black
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
String Pulling ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Animals that exploit resources from human-modified environments may encounter unique problems when searching for food. Pulling a string tied to a food reward (string-pulling task) is one of the most widespread methods of testing a species’ problem-solving performance in non-human animals. Performance in problem-solving tasks may be influenced by an individual’s characteristics and social interactions, especially in its natural habitat. We examined problem solving by free-ranging Steller’s jays (Cyanocitta stelleri) when extracting food from a string-pulling task presented in their natural habitat. During the study, seven of 50 jays successfully solved the task on their first to eighteenth experimental opportunity; solvers differed from nonsolvers by showing higher levels of persistence by pulling the string in more trials. Of the successful jays, five birds solved without observing others, while two birds were present during successful trials and subsequently completed the task. All seven jays demonstrated improvement in the task by using less string pulls over additional successful trials. Nineteen other jays in the population interacted with the apparatus and pulled the string, but not enough to acquire the food. These 19 jays were significantly bolder (shorter latencies to approach), more explorative (contacted more parts of the apparatus), and had observed solvers more than the 24 individuals that did not pull the string. These results indicate a broad spectrum of individual differences in propensity for solving novel tasks in our population of Steller’s jays.

scholarly journals Individual learning phenotypes drive collective behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17949-17956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea N. Cook ◽  
Natalie J. Lemanski ◽  
Thiago Mosqueiro ◽  
Cahit Ozturk ◽  
Jürgen Gadau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
Familiar Stimuli ◽  
Bee Colonies

Individual differences in learning can influence how animals respond to and communicate about their environment, which may nonlinearly shape how a social group accomplishes a collective task. There are few empirical examples of how differences in collective dynamics emerge from variation among individuals in cognition. Here, we use a naturally variable and heritable learning behavior called latent inhibition (LI) to show that interactions among individuals that differ in this cognitive ability drive collective foraging behavior in honey bee colonies. We artificially selected two distinct phenotypes: high-LI bees that ignore previously familiar stimuli in favor of novel ones and low-LI bees that learn familiar and novel stimuli equally well. We then provided colonies differentially composed of different ratios of these phenotypes with a choice between familiar and novel feeders. Colonies of predominantly high-LI individuals preferred to visit familiar food locations, while low-LI colonies visited novel and familiar food locations equally. Interestingly, in colonies of mixed learning phenotypes, the low-LI individuals showed a preference to visiting familiar feeders, which contrasts with their behavior when in a uniform low-LI group. We show that the shift in feeder preference of low-LI bees is driven by foragers of the high-LI phenotype dancing more intensely and attracting more followers. Our results reveal that cognitive abilities of individuals and their social interactions, which we argue relate to differences in attention, drive emergent collective outcomes.

scholarly journals Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wilson ◽  
Kelci Harris ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Friendship Satisfaction

Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Social Interaction Processes and Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
The Way

Social interactions are one of the most relevant contexts of our lives and they are intimately connected to the conceptualization, dynamics, development, and consequences of personality. In this chapter, I will first analyze the way social interactions unfold via interaction states of all interaction partners and describe how people differ in social interaction processes. Following the PERSOC model, I will argue that these individual differences are a key window to understanding the nature of some of the most popular personality traits (e.g., extraversion, dominance, shyness, agreeableness, narcissism), as well as their effects on and development in social relationships. Empirical research on individual differences in interaction state levels, contingencies, and fluctuations is summarized. In closing, I describe a couple of current limitations, and outline perspectives for understanding and assessing personality traits as dynamic social interaction systems.

scholarly journals Neural bases of audio-visual integration of socially meaningful information in macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilda Froesel ◽  
Maëva Gacoin ◽  
Simon Clavagnier ◽  
Marc Hauser ◽  
Quentin Goudard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Visual Integration ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Communicative Signals ◽  
Meaning Representation

Abstract Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. In primates, both audition and vision serve the interpretation of communicative signals. Autistic individuals present deficits in both social communication and audio-visual integration. At present, the neural mechanisms subserving the interpretation of complex audio-visual social events are unknown. Based on heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that macaque monkeys associate affiliative facial expressions or social scenes with corresponding affiliative vocalizations, aggressive expressions or scenes with corresponding aggressive vocalizations and escape visual scenes with scream vocalizations, while suppressing vocalizations that are incongruent with the visual context. This process is subserved by two distinct functional networks, homologous to the human emotional and attentional networks activated during the processing of visual social information. These networks are thus critical for the construction of social meaning representation, and provide grounds for the audio-visual deficits observed in autism.One-sentence summary Macaques extract social meaning from visual and auditory input recruiting face and voice patches and a broader emotional and attentional network.

scholarly journals Stress physiology and memory for emotional information: Moderation by individual differences in pubertal hormones.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1606-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi A. Quas ◽  
Amy Castro ◽  
Crystal I. Bryce ◽  
Douglas A. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Emotional Information
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