Atypical performance patterns on Delis–Kaplan Executive Functioning System Color–Word Interference Test: Cognitive switching and learning ability in older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody-Lynn Berg ◽  
Natasha M. Swan ◽  
Sarah J. Banks ◽  
Justin B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Cognitive Switching

scholarly journals A-20 Metabolic Syndrome and Executive Functioning in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-879
Author(s):  
T Slonim ◽  
L Haase-Alasantro ◽  
C Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased rates of mortality and increased risk for developing dementia. Changes in brain structure and executive functioning have been reported within the literature. However, research examining cognitive performance in individuals with metabolic syndrome focuses primarily on older cohorts. As such, the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive functioning earlier in the lifespan is unclear. This research examined neuropsychological test performance and self-report measures in young, middle-aged, and older adults with and without MetS. Method Participants (n = 128) were categorized by age and metabolic status as follows: Young: n = 42, 52.4% Metabolic; Middle-Age: n = 41, 56.1% Metabolic; Older: n = 45, 51.1% Metabolic. Participants were administered the following cognitive assessments as part of a larger study: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the relationship between age group, metabolic status, and cognitive performance. Results As expected, older adults performed more poorly than young and middle-aged adults across neurocognitive assessments (p < .05). MetS adults performed more slowly on Color-Word Interference: Inhibition [F(1,114) = 5.26, p = .024, η2 = .05]; however, there were no additional significant differences between groups on cognitive tests in this sample size. Conclusions These findings suggest that aspects of inhibition might be impaired in MetS adults. Future studies aimed at investigating relationships between metabolic risk factors and inhibition may provide insight into effective intervention targets to delay or prevent metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Executive Functioning, Emotion Regulation, and Negative Emotion in Suicidal Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 712-712
Author(s):  
Rachel Waldman ◽  
Brian Liles ◽  
Dimitris Kiosses ◽  
Richard Zweig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Older Inpatients ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Deficits in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and negative emotion have all been linked to suicidality. Yet, the complex interactions between these three factors and their relationships to suicidal behavior in older adults remain unclear. Participants (N = 39) were depressed middle and older adult (M = 62.0, SD = 9.41) inpatients with recent suicidal attempt or ideation, without psychotic depression or moderate or greater cognitive impairment (DRS&gt;90). Participants were administered measures of executive functioning (Stroop and COWAT), emotion regulation (ERQ Suppression and Reappraisal; RRS-Brooding; UPPS- Premediation Scale), and negative emotion (PANAS-X), in addition to measures of depression (MADRS) and suicidality (C-SSRS). Results indicated that executive functioning was not significantly related to emotion regulation or negative affect, but measures of emotion regulation were related to negative emotion and frequency of suicidal ideation in bivariate analyses. Lower ERQ reappraisal tended to be associated with negative emotion (ß = -.392, p = .067) in multivariate analyses. Although comparisons were non-significant, effect sizes revealed that those who experienced daily suicidal ideation (C-SSRS) had lower reappraisal and higher brooding scores (Cohen’s d = 1.014 - 1.456), as well as higher executive functioning (Stroop Color-Word trial) and overall cognition (DRS) scores (Cohen’s d = 0.625 – 0.792) than less frequent ideators. Findings suggest that older inpatients with frequent suicidal ideation have poorer emotion regulation but may have more intact cognition and executive functioning than those with less frequent suicidal ideation.

Branching Condition of the Color-Word Interference Test Enhances Prediction of Meta-Tasking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Natalie E. Kurniadi ◽  
Yana Suchy ◽  
Madison Amelia Niermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Switching Condition ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
General Cognitive Status

Abstract Objectives: Meta-tasking (MT) is an aspect of executive functioning (EF) that involves the ability to branch (i.e., to apply “if-then” rules) and to effectively interleave sub-goals of one task with sub-goals of another task. As such, MT is crucial for successful planning, coordination, and execution of multiple complex tasks in daily life. Traditional tests of EF fail to adequately measure MT. This study examined whether Condition 4 of the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT-4; the inhibition/switching condition that requires branching) predicted MT beyond Condition 3 (CWIT-3; inhibition-only condition) and beyond other subtests from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) that have a switching condition. Method: Ninety-eight non-Hispanic white community-dwelling older adults completed the first four subtests of the D-KEFS and an ecologically valid measure of MT. Results: Time to completion and total errors on CWIT-4 accounted for variance in MT above and beyond CWIT-3 and beyond the switching conditions of other D-KEFS subtests. Results remained virtually unchanged when controlling for demographics and general cognitive status. Conclusions: Among older adults, CWIT-4 is more strongly associated with MT than other D-KFES tasks. Future research should examine whether CWIT-4 relates to lapses in instrumental activities of daily living among older adults above and beyond other EF tests.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Eye Blinks Predict Executive Functioning in Seniors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessika I. V. Buitenweg ◽  
Jaap M. J. Murre ◽  
K. Richard Ridderinkhof
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Memory Updating ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Working Memory Updating

AbstractAs the world’s population is aging rapidly, cognitive training is an extensively used approach to attempt improvement of age-related cognitive functioning. With increasing numbers of older adults required to remain in the workforce, it is important to be able to reliably predict future functional decline, as well as the individual advantages of cognitive training. Given the correlation between age-related decline and striatal dopaminergic function, we investigated whether eye blink rate (EBR), a non-invasive, indirect indicator of dopaminergic activity, could predict executive functioning (response inhibition, switching and working memory updating) as well as trainability of executive functioning in older adults. EBR was collected before and after a cognitive flexibility training, cognitive training without flexibility, or a mock training. EBR predicted working memory updating performance on two measures of updating, as well as trainability of working memory updating, whereas performance and trainability in inhibition and switching tasks could not be predicted by EBR. Our findings tentatively indicate that EBR permits prediction of working memory performance in older adults. To fully interpret the relationship with executive functioning, we suggest future research should assess both EBR and dopamine receptor availability among seniors.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Executive Control Assessed with a Robotic Object Hit and Avoid Test of Rapid Motor Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 881-882
Author(s):  
Alexandra Watral ◽  
Kevin Trewartha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Abstract Motor decision-making processes are required for many standard neuropsychological tasks, including the Trail Making Test (TMT), that aim to assess cognitive functioning in older adults. However, in their standard formats, it is difficult to isolate the relative contributions of sensorimotor and cognitive processes to performance on these neuropsychological tasks. Recently developed clinical tasks use a robotic manipulandum to assess both motor and cognitive aspects of rapid motor decision making in an object hit (OH) and object hit and avoid (OHA) task. We administered the OH and OHA tasks to 77 healthy younger adults and 59 healthy older adults to assess age differences in the motor and cognitive measures of performance. We administered the TMT parts A and B to assess the extent to which OHA performance is associated with executive functioning in particular. The results indicate that after controlling for hand speed, older adults performed worse on the OH and OHA tasks than younger adults, performance declines were far greater in the OHA task, and the global performance measures, which have been associated with cognitive status, were more sensitive to age differences than motor measures of performance. Those global measures of performance were also associated with measures of executive functioning on the TMT task. These findings provide evidence that rapid motor decision making tasks are sensitive to declines in executive control in aging. They also provide a way to isolate cognitive declines from declines in sensorimotor processes that are likely a contributing factor to age differences in neuropsychological test performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document