scholarly journals A-20 Metabolic Syndrome and Executive Functioning in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-879
Author(s):  
T Slonim ◽  
L Haase-Alasantro ◽  
C Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased rates of mortality and increased risk for developing dementia. Changes in brain structure and executive functioning have been reported within the literature. However, research examining cognitive performance in individuals with metabolic syndrome focuses primarily on older cohorts. As such, the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive functioning earlier in the lifespan is unclear. This research examined neuropsychological test performance and self-report measures in young, middle-aged, and older adults with and without MetS. Method Participants (n = 128) were categorized by age and metabolic status as follows: Young: n = 42, 52.4% Metabolic; Middle-Age: n = 41, 56.1% Metabolic; Older: n = 45, 51.1% Metabolic. Participants were administered the following cognitive assessments as part of a larger study: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the relationship between age group, metabolic status, and cognitive performance. Results As expected, older adults performed more poorly than young and middle-aged adults across neurocognitive assessments (p < .05). MetS adults performed more slowly on Color-Word Interference: Inhibition [F(1,114) = 5.26, p = .024, η2 = .05]; however, there were no additional significant differences between groups on cognitive tests in this sample size. Conclusions These findings suggest that aspects of inhibition might be impaired in MetS adults. Future studies aimed at investigating relationships between metabolic risk factors and inhibition may provide insight into effective intervention targets to delay or prevent metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals A-19 Inhibition in Metabolic Syndrome and its Relationship to Orbitofrontal Cortex Activation During Sucrose Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-878
Author(s):  
T Slonim ◽  
A Jacobson ◽  
L Haase-Alasantro ◽  
M Marvin ◽  
C Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disinhibited Eating ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is associated with disinhibited eating,executive dysfunction,and increased risk of dementia. The orbitofrontal cortex(OFC) has been implicated in literature as an area involved with decision making and reward. Decreased OFC volume has been linked to disinhibited eating and poorer executive functioning skills.However,research examining executive functioning in individuals with MetS fails to address the role of inhibition as it pertains to consumption and risk of developing MetS. We examined the relationship between neuropsychological performance and OFC activation after receiving and rating a sucrose stimulus to determine if OFC activation is associated with executive functioning deficits that may lead to developing MetS. Method Participants were categorized by MetS status(n = 46) and Control(n = 34) with mean age of 49.13±20.29years. During an fMRI session, the Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent(BOLD) response of OFC was recorded while participants rated the pleasantness of an aqueous sucrose solution. Participants were administered the Color-Word Interference Test outside the scanner. Partial Correlation analyses controlling for age examined the relationship between OFC activation during hedonic ratings of sucrose and cognitive performance. Results There was a significant negative relationship between left OFC activity and Color-Word Interference:Inhibition performance for Controls(r(42) = -.365, p = .015) as compared to MetS(r(30) = .141,p > .05). Conclusions Less activity in the OFC during sucrose hedonic rating was associated with better performance on the Inhibition condition for Controls. We speculate that decreased activation in the OFC after sucrose consumption reflects intact executive functioning and perhaps even a preventative factor to developing MetS. Alternatively, it could indicate that Controls are actively inhibiting hedonic responses to sucrose which improves their ability on a test of inhibition.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Executive Control Assessed with a Robotic Object Hit and Avoid Test of Rapid Motor Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 881-882
Author(s):  
Alexandra Watral ◽  
Kevin Trewartha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Abstract Motor decision-making processes are required for many standard neuropsychological tasks, including the Trail Making Test (TMT), that aim to assess cognitive functioning in older adults. However, in their standard formats, it is difficult to isolate the relative contributions of sensorimotor and cognitive processes to performance on these neuropsychological tasks. Recently developed clinical tasks use a robotic manipulandum to assess both motor and cognitive aspects of rapid motor decision making in an object hit (OH) and object hit and avoid (OHA) task. We administered the OH and OHA tasks to 77 healthy younger adults and 59 healthy older adults to assess age differences in the motor and cognitive measures of performance. We administered the TMT parts A and B to assess the extent to which OHA performance is associated with executive functioning in particular. The results indicate that after controlling for hand speed, older adults performed worse on the OH and OHA tasks than younger adults, performance declines were far greater in the OHA task, and the global performance measures, which have been associated with cognitive status, were more sensitive to age differences than motor measures of performance. Those global measures of performance were also associated with measures of executive functioning on the TMT task. These findings provide evidence that rapid motor decision making tasks are sensitive to declines in executive control in aging. They also provide a way to isolate cognitive declines from declines in sensorimotor processes that are likely a contributing factor to age differences in neuropsychological test performance.

scholarly journals Online social networking and cognitive performance in older adults: A Greek-Canadian study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hatzifilalithis ◽  
Elisavet Chrysochoou ◽  
George Pavlidis ◽  
Ana B. Vivas
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relation between cognitive performance and social networking in older adults from Canada and Greece. The two groups were matched on age, gender, education level, and MMSE scores. Participants reported the amount of both off-line and online networking, as well as the social support received in these contexts. Immediate and delayed recall, speed of processing, and executive functioning were also assessed. Online networking was associated with executive functioning. Interestingly, country context didn’t moderate the relationship, despite differences observed between Greeks and Canadians in executive functioning and online networking. Our findings suggest that online social participation could serve both as a source of social support and as cognitive training, benefiting older adults’ cognitive vitality. The findings are discussed in relation to the characteristics of the specific countries, stressing the need to explore the effects of online social networking and participation on cognitive function in the aging population.

Abstract T P139: Rising Rates of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Stroke Survivors in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McManus ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Natalie Valle ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele ◽  
Amytis Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering together, affects >47 million US adults and has been independently linked to primary and recurrent stroke risk. Prevalence and trends in MetS among stroke survivors in the United States are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate recent temporal trends in age and sex-specific MetS prevalence among adults with/without stroke in the US. METHODS: Prevalence of MetS was assessed among fasting adults ≥35 years who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2010 (n=9,343). Prevalence estimates were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates (n=430,371,669). MetS was defined by the 2009 harmonized definition. Stroke was determined by self-report. RESULTS: In all groups except men 35-64 years, MetS prevalence was similar among adults with and without stroke in 1999-2002 (Table). MetS prevalence rates were flat from 1999 to 2010 among those without stroke, but increased among stroke survivors, such that up to 80% of men and 86% of women with stroke had MetS, with the greatest rise among the middle-aged. Stroke survivors aged 35-64 years were ~3 times more likely to have MetS than their counterparts without stroke (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60-6.55 for men and OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.45-4.50 for women). DISCUSSION: Due to a differential rise in MetS in stroke survivors over the last 10 years, as many as 9 out of 10 stroke survivors now have MetS, suggesting that Mets may increasingly be placing people at risk for stroke. Intensified efforts aimed at identifying and treating MetS, especially among middle-aged individuals, may be warranted to avert stroke risk.

scholarly journals Association between Total Sugar Intake and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men and Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Seo ◽  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

There is increasing evidence emerging that suggests high sugar intake may adversely increase the incidence of chronic diseases. However, there are only a few related studies in Korea. Based on the current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, this study examined whether total sugar intake above 20% of the total energy was a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 7005 adults (3751 men and 3254 women) aged 40–69 years, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), a large community-based cohort study. Daily total sugar intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. About 9% and 16% of the men and women, respectively, derived >20% of energy intake from total sugar. The males in this category had a significantly higher odds of obesity defined as having a BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.162–1.914), low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.038–1.660), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.332, 95% CI = 1.038–1.709) than those who received a lower proportion of energy intake from total sugar. These results suggest that high (>20%) energy intake from total sugar may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean men.

Normative Data for the ELSA-Brasil Neuropsychological Assessment and Operationalized Criterion for Cognitive Impairment for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laiss Bertola ◽  
Isabela M. Benseñor ◽  
Alessandra C. Goulart ◽  
Andre R. Brunoni ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Abstract Objectives: Normative data should consider sociodemographic diversity for the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment. This study aims to provide normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery and present diagnostic criteria for cognitive impairment that could be used in primary care settings. Methods: We selected 9618 Brazilian middle-aged and older adults after detailed exclusion criteria to avoid subtle cognitive impairment. We analyzed age, sex, and education influence on cognitive performance. To verify the evidence of criterion validity, we compared the cognitive performance of subjects with and without a depressive episode. Additionally, we verified the percentage of spurious scores under three different cutoffs. Results: Age and education had the greatest impact on cognition. Normative scores were provided according to age and education groups. Participants with a depressive episode performed poorer than control subjects. The clinical cutoff of at least two scores below the 7th percentile revealed the adequate percentage of spurious and possible clinical performance. Conclusions: The Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) provided normative data based on a unique selected set of cognitively normal subjects. Normative groups were selected based on age and education, and the battery was sensitive to the presence of a depressive episode. We suggested clinical cutoffs for the tests in this battery that could be used in primary care settings to improve the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Anthropometric indices predict physical function and mobility in older Australians: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Bannerman ◽  
Michelle D Miller ◽  
Lynne A Daniels ◽  
Lynne Cobiac ◽  
Lynne C Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate, in terms of function and mobility, the predictive value of commonly adopted anthropometric ‘definitions’ used in the nutritional assessment of older adults, in a cohort of older Australians.Design:Prospective cohort study – Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA).Setting:Adelaide, South Australia (1992–1994).Subjects:Data were analysed from 1272 non-institutionalised (685 males, 587 females) older adults ≥70 years old in South Australia. Seven ‘definitions’ commonly used in the anthropometric assessment of both under- and overnutrition (including four using body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and percentage weight change) were evaluated at baseline, for their ability to predict functional and mobility limitation assessed (by self-report questionnaire) at two years follow-up. All questionnaires were administered and anthropometry performed by trained investigators. The associations between the definitions and decline in mobility and physical function were evaluated over two years using multiple logistic regression.Results:A BMI >85th percentile or >30 kgm−2 or a waist circumference of >102 cm in males and >88 cm in females increased risk of functional and mobility limitations. Over two years, a loss of 10% body weight significantly increased the risk of functional and mobility limitations.Conclusion:Maintaining weight within older adults, irrespective of initial body weight, may be important in preventing functional and mobility limitations. Excessive weight is associated with an increased risk of limitation in function and mobility, both key components of health-related quality of life.

scholarly journals Cognitive performance after postoperative pituitary radiotherapy: a dosimetric study of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Brummelman ◽  
Margriet G A Sattler ◽  
Linda C Meiners ◽  
Martin F Elderson ◽  
Robin P F Dullaart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

ObjectiveThe hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important for memory and executive functioning and are known to be sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). Radiation dosimetry relates radiation exposure to specific brain areas. The effects of various pituitary RT techniques were studied by relating detailed dosimetry of the hippocampus and PFC to cognitive performance.MethodsIn this cross-sectional design, 75 non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFA) patients (61±10 years) participated and were divided into irradiated (RT+, n=30) and non-irradiated (RT−, n=45) groups. The RT+ group (who all received 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy; total dose: 45 Gy) consisted of three RT technique groups: three-field technique, n=10; four-field technique, n=15; and five-field technique, n=5. Memory and executive functioning were assessed by standardized neuropsychological tests. A reconstruction of the dose distributions for the three RT techniques was made. The RT doses on 30, 50, and 70% of the volume of the left and right hippocampus and PFC were calculated.ResultsCognitive test performance was not different between the four groups, despite differences in radiation doses applied to the hippocampi and PFC. Age at RT, time since RT, and the use of thyroid hormone varied significantly between the groups; however, they were not related to cognitive performance.ConclusionThis study showed that there were no significant differences on cognitive performance between the three-, four-, and five-field RT groups and the non-irradiated patient group. A dose–response relationship could not be established, even with a radiation dose that was higher on most of the volume of the hippocampus and PFC in case of a four-field RT technique compared with the three- and five-field RT techniques.

P1-375: Socioecomic, Emotional and Physical Predictors of Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P575-P575
Author(s):  
Onesimo Juncos-Rabadan ◽  
Mari Feli Gonzalez ◽  
David Facal ◽  
Javier Yanguas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Middle Aged
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