Does Older Age Confer an Increased Risk of Incident Neurocognitive Disorders Among Persons Living with HIV Disease?

AbstractThe ability to accurately perceive the passage of time relies on several neurocognitive abilities, including attention, memory, and executive functions, which are domains commonly affected in persons living with HIV disease. The current study examined time estimation and production and their neurocognitive correlates in a sample of 53 HIV+ individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), 120 HIV+ individuals without HAND, and 113 HIV− individuals. Results revealed a moderate main effect of HAND on time estimation and a trend-level effect on time production, but no interaction between HAND and time interval duration. Correlational analyses revealed that time estimation in the HIV+ group was associated with attention, episodic memory and time-based prospective memory. Findings indicate that individuals with HAND evidence deficits in time interval judgment suggestive of failures in basic attentional and memory processes. (JINS, 2015, 21, 175–181)

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Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Persons Living With HIV by Enrollment Status in Washington, DC: Evaluation of a Large Longitudinal HIV Cohort Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16061 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jenevieve Opoku ◽

Rupali K Doshi ◽

Amanda D Castel ◽

Ian Sorensen ◽

Michael Horberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Disease Stage ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND HIV cohort studies have been used to assess health outcomes and inform the care and treatment of people living with HIV disease. However, there may be similarities and differences between cohort participants and the general population from which they are drawn. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to compare people living with HIV who have and have not been enrolled in the DC Cohort study and assess whether participants are a representative citywide sample of people living with HIV in the District of Columbia (DC). METHODS Data from the DC Health (DCDOH) HIV surveillance system and the DC Cohort study were matched to identify people living with HIV who were DC residents and had consented for the study by the end of 2016. Analysis was performed to identify differences between DC Cohort and noncohort participants by demographics and comorbid conditions. HIV disease stage, receipt of care, and viral suppression were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression assessed correlates of health outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS There were 12,964 known people living with HIV in DC at the end of 2016, of which 40.1% were DC Cohort participants. Compared with nonparticipants, participants were less likely to be male (68.0% vs 74.9%, P<.001) but more likely to be black (82.3% vs 69.5%, P<.001) and have a heterosexual contact HIV transmission risk (30.3% vs 25.9%, P<.001). DC Cohort participants were also more likely to have ever been diagnosed with stage 3 HIV disease (59.6% vs 47.0%, P<.001), have a CD4 <200 cells/µL in 2017 (6.2% vs 4.6%, P<.001), be retained in any HIV care in 2017 (72.9% vs 59.4%, P<.001), and be virally suppressed in 2017. After adjusting for demographics, DC Cohort participants were significantly more likely to have received care in 2017 (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.70-2.00) and to have ever been virally suppressed (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications when assessing the representativeness of patients enrolled in clinic-based cohorts compared with the DC-area general HIV population. As participants continue to enroll in the DC Cohort study, ongoing assessment of representativeness will be required.

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Prevention of sudden cardiac death in persons living with HIV infection

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x19666210922154011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Jacques Monsuez ◽

Marilucy Lopez-Sublet

Keyword(s):

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Qt Interval Prolongation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Optimized Treatment ◽

Living With Hiv

: Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) have been recognized to have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of this risk should theoretically be included in their long-term management. However, only a few approaches have been proposed to optimize such interventions. Targeting detection of the commonly associated conditions such as coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias is the first step of this prevention. However, although detection of the risk of SCD is a suitable challenge in PLWH, it remains uncertain whether optimized treatment of the identified risks would unequivocally translate into a decrease in SCD rates.

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Biographies of Persons Living with HIV Disease

Women, Families and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511570988.011 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 193-198

Keyword(s):

Hiv Disease ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Burden of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Semiurban Uganda

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2016/3015468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Brian Leslie Mishara ◽

Eugene Kinyanda

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

Hiv Care ◽

State Anger ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

Although the impact of HIV/AIDS has changed globally, it still causes considerable morbidity and mortality, including suicidality, in countries like Uganda. This paper describes the burden and risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempt among 543 HIV-positive attending two HIV specialized clinics in Mbarara municipality, Uganda. The rate of suicidal ideation was 8.8% (n=48; 95% CI: 6.70–11.50) and suicidal attempt was 3.1% (17, 95% CI 2.00–5.00). The factors associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts were state anger (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09;p=0.001); trait anger (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16,p=0.002); depression (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.20,p=0.001); hopelessness (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,p=0.024); anxiety (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09); low social support (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); inability to provide for others (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); and stigma (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.11–5.54,p=0.027). At multivariate analysis, only state anger remained statistically significant. HIV/AIDS is associated with several clinical, psychological, and social factors which increase vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Making suicide risk assessment and management an integral part of HIV care is warranted.

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High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Persons Living With HIV Disease in Small Towns and Rural Areas

Journal of Sex Education and Therapy ◽

10.1080/01614576.1999.11074280 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 (1-2) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Timothy G. Heckman ◽

Jeffrey A. Kelly ◽

Anton M. Somlai ◽

Seth C. Kalichman ◽

Bernadette Davantes Heckman

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

High Risk ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Small Towns ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

High Risk Sexual Behavior ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Risk Sexual Behavior

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Emotional Distress in Nonmetropolitan Persons Living With HIV Disease Enrolled in a Telephone-Delivered, Coping Improvement Group Intervention.

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/0278-6133.23.1.94 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 94-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Timothy G. Heckman ◽

Eileen S. Anderson ◽

Kathleen J. Sikkema ◽

Arlene Kochman ◽

Seth C. Kalichman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Cardiovascular Disease

Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019 ◽

10.1093/med/9780190942496.003.0042 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 453-468

Author(s):

David A. Wohl ◽

Jeffrey T. Kirchner

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Chronic Hiv Infection

Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to • To gain a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of CVD and myocardial infarction in persons living with HIV infection. • To understand the link of chronic HIV infection as it relates to increased risk of CVD and myocardial infarction....

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2228 The association of gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension in persons living with HIV on HAART

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2018.305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (S1) ◽

pp. 88-88

Author(s):

Kierra R. Butler ◽

Faye Harrell ◽

Wendy A. Henderson

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽

Highly Active ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Reported Data ◽

Living With Hiv

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatments (HAART) has allowed HIV-positive individuals to live longer in recent years. This has resulted in a higher incidence of mortalities occurring in these individuals due to cardiovascular pathologies, as opposed to deaths due to HIV. Even with long-term HAART, persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) still exhibit inflammation, which is associated with deleterious cardiovascular outcomes. PLWHIV on HAART have a higher prevalence of hypertension, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Moreover, chronic inflammation has been shown to be related to the translocation of microbes and endotoxins across the gastrointestinal tract. Such microbial translocation (MT) is increased in individuals with digestive disorders and their associated symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea). This study aims to explore the pathologies common to both MT-induced inflammation and cardiovascular symptoms by examining the associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension in PLWHIV on HAART. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The sample included 351 PLWHIV on HAART. Pre-existing de-identified data were analyzed. Sample demographics included 56.98 % African Americans, 41.31% Caucasians, ages 20–66 years (mean age=43.65years), 21% female, 89% male, HIV viral load, CD4 counts. Self-reported data from the Symptom Co-Morbidity Questionnaire and Socio-demographic questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS v.24. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 86 PLWHIV (24.50%) stated that they have hypertension; 39 subjects (45.3%) reported having diarrhea, 30 subjects (34.8%) reported nausea, and 12 (13.9%) reported constipation and vomiting. Among ethnicities with hypertension and gastrointestinal symptoms, African Americans compared with Caucasians had a higher percentage of diarrhea (28% vs. 17%), nausea (21% vs. 11%), constipation (11% vs. 2%), and vomiting (8% vs. 5%). Women compared with men reported a higher percentage of nausea (28% vs. 24%) and constipation (8% vs. 6%). Men compared with women reported a higher percentage of diarrhea (38% vs. 7%) and vomiting (8% vs. 5%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These data support the need for targeted screening to include both blood pressure and associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Further studies supporting these results may assist practitioners to target treatments that may prevent cardiovascular comorbidities.

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