The Continuous Visual Memory Test: Update and extension on the operating characteristics as an embedded measure of cognitive performance validity

The 15-item Visual Memory Test was proposed by Rey in 1964 as a measure of malingering of visual memory. Among psychiatric patients the task has a significant cognitive component, with IQ accounting for 37% of the variance in scores ( r = .60). Any interpretation of scores on this task should be ability-based. Such ability-based norms are provided in this study of psychiatric patients ( N = 300). Use of a single cut-off score to indicate malingering or any other interpretation is inappropriate given the psychometric properties of the task. In the assessment of immediate visual memory the task has some utility, which is greatly enhanced with the use of ability-based norms.

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Flipping the Script: Measuring Both Performance Validity and Cognitive Ability with the Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the RCFT

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211019704 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110197

Author(s):

Kaitlyn Abeare ◽

Kristoffer Romero ◽

Laura Cutler ◽

Christina D. Sirianni ◽

Laszlo A. Erdodi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Large Scale ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Control Group ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Two Samples

In this study we attempted to replicate the classification accuracy of the newly introduced Forced Choice Recognition trial (FCR) of the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in a clinical sample. We administered the RCFT FCR and the earlier Yes/No Recognition trial from the RCFT to 52 clinically referred patients as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and incentivized a separate control group of 83 university students to perform well on these measures. We then computed the classification accuracies of both measures against criterion performance validity tests (PVTs) and compared results between the two samples. At previously published validity cutoffs (≤16 & ≤17), the RCFT FCR remained specific (.84–1.00) to psychometrically defined non-credible responding. Simultaneously, the RCFT FCR was more sensitive to examinees’ natural variability in visual-perceptual and verbal memory skills than the Yes/No Recognition trial. Even after being reduced to a seven-point scale (18-24) by the validity cutoffs, both RCFT recognition scores continued to provide clinically useful information on visual memory. This is the first study to validate the RCFT FCR as a PVT in a clinical sample. Our data also support its use for measuring cognitive ability. Replication studies with more diverse samples and different criterion measures are still needed before large-scale clinical application of this scale.

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A Computer-Assisted Administration of the Continuous Visual Memory Test

The Clinical Neuropsychologist ◽

10.1076/clin.15.4.551.1880 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 551-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. James Baños ◽

Andrew L. Dickson ◽

Tammy Greer

Keyword(s):

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Test ◽

Computer Assisted

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Effects of the Amount and Frequency of Fluid Intake on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8813

Author(s):

Hairong He ◽

Jianfen Zhang ◽

Na Zhang ◽

Songming Du ◽

Shufang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Memory Test ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Time Point

Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18–23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF group at two time points (p < 0.05). At time point 1, the scores in the portrait memory test and vigor were statistically different (F = 20.45, p < 0.001; F = 5.46, p = 0.006). It was found that the scores for the portrait memory test in the RB group were lower than those in the HA group and the HF group (p = 0.007; p < 0.001), while the scores of the HF group were higher than those of the HA group (p < 0.001). The scores for vigor in the RB group were significantly higher than those of the HA group (p = 0.006), and they were also significantly higher than those of the HF group (p = 0.004). At time point 2, only the scores for vigor were statistically different (F = 3.80, p = 0.026). It was found that the scores for vigor in the RB group were higher than those in the HA group and HF group (p = 0.018; p = 0.019). Both the amount and frequency of fluid intake may affect urine osmolality and vigor, but these factors have limited impacts on cognitive performance. Rational fluid intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.

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A-92 Assessing Perceived Workload on the Brief Visual Memory Test in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1139

Author(s):

Kristina E Smith ◽

Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽

Alexis Bueno ◽

Rachel A Rugh-Fraser ◽

Bethany A Nordberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Test ◽

Short Delay ◽

Subjective Workload ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Nasa Tlx

Abstract Objective We examined perceived workload as it is related to Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) short-delay and long-delay performance in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Method The sample consisted of 39 TBI participants and 54 HC participants. Demographically corrected BVMT-R scores were used to evaluate short-delay and long-delay performances. The perceived workload was measured using the NASA-TLX. Results ANOVA revealed that the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BVMT-R short-delay and long-delay score, p < 05, η p 2 = 0.05. ANCOVAs controlling for age were used to evaluate NASA-TLX group differences. In regards to the NASA-TLX, TBI participants reported higher levels of physical demand, effort, frustration and overall subjective workload on the BVMT-R short-delay compared to HC participants, p < 05, η p 2 = 0.01–0.09. Furthermore, on the long-delay of the BVMT-R, the NASA-TLX revealed that the TBI group reported higher levels of temporal demand, effort, frustration and overall subjective workload compared to the HC group, p < 0.05, η p 2 = 0.05–0.14. Conclusions Results revealed that TBI participants demonstrated worse BVMT-R performances than HC participants. However, TBI survivors reported higher perceived workload demands compared to the HC group in both short-delay and long-delay of the BVMT-R. Our findings suggest that TBI impacts non-verbal memory performance in both BVMT-R short-delay and long-delay. Also, brain injury may be impacting TBI survivors’ awareness of their non-verbal memory performance. Further work is required to determine what drives the impaired perception of non-verbal memory performance among TBI survivors.

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Validation of grooved pegboard cutoffs as an additional embedded measure of performance validity

The Clinical Neuropsychologist ◽

10.1080/13854046.2021.1942556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jared S. Link ◽

Lisa H. Lu ◽

Patrick Armistead-Jehle ◽

Robert A. Seegmiller

Keyword(s):

Performance Validity ◽

Measure Of Performance ◽

Embedded Measure

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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Cognitive Performance

American Journal of Critical Care ◽

10.4037/ajcc2006.15.5.471 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 471-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gilles Dupuis ◽

Elaine Kennedy ◽

Ruth Lindquist ◽

Franca B. Barton ◽

Michael L. Terrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Graft ◽

Artery Bypass Graft ◽

Before And After

• Background Some studies have indicated a decline in patients’ cognitive performance after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. • Objective To evaluate cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. • Methods Patients’ cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was evaluated in a prospective observational multicenter study in 5 academic medical centers. A total of 242 men and 123 women were evaluated before surgery; 333 men and 216 women, 5 to 11 months after surgery (197 men and 99 women were evaluated both before and after surgery). Verbal ability, attention/concentration, logical/verbal and visual memory, and facial recognition were measured. Data on demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics also were collected. • ResultsAfter surgery, patients’ overall performance improved (P < .001) for attention/concentration, verbal fluency, and logical/verbal memory. Patients with more education (high school or greater) performed better on each test (P < .001) than did patients with less education. No strong effects of sex or age on cognitive performance were observed before or after surgery, and no important differences in sex, age, or education were associated with changes in scores from before to after surgery. • Conclusion On average, cognitive performance improved rather than declined after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The improvements were consistent across sex, age, and education.

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