Wholistic and Analytic Stimulus Processing: The Development of Selective Perceptual Strategies

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben (C) Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Iconic Representation ◽  
Current Stimulus ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Selective Processing ◽  
A Current

This experiment reports an investigation of the development of selective processing strategies as subjects become increasingly more practised at a serial self-paced RT task. It demonstrates the effect a preceding stimulus can have on the analysis of a current signal and the development of active analytic strategies in favour of passive wholistic processing, with practice. The stimuli used were letters with irrelevant visual noise dot patterns superimposed on them. The letter, or the dot pattern, or both, could be repeated on successive trials. Early in practice repetition of both stimulus components simultaneously produced short reponse latencies relative to repetition of the letter alone. The number of noise dots markedly affected RT. Late in practice, however, letter repetition RTs were small, irrespective of whether or not the noise dot pattern was repeated. Furthermore, the number of noise dots no longer had an effect on the RT to these stimulus transitions. The results suggest that subjects appear to be able to select relevant information to process as they become progressively more practised, even though there is evidence that they compare the current stimulus with an iconic representation of the immediately preceding one.

I Know What You Need: Investigating Document Retrieval Effectiveness with Partial Session Contexts

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Procheta Sen ◽  
Debasis Ganguly ◽  
Gareth J. F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Document Retrieval ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Search System ◽  
Query Log ◽  
Sequence Modeling ◽  
Joint Embedding ◽  
One Step ◽  
A Current

Reducing user effort in finding relevant information is one of the key objectives of search systems. Existing approaches have been shown to effectively exploit the context from the current search session of users for automatically suggesting queries to reduce their search efforts. However, these approaches do not accomplish the end goal of a search system—that of retrieving a set of potentially relevant documents for the evolving information need during a search session. This article takes the problem of query prediction one step further by investigating the problem of contextual recommendation within a search session. More specifically, given the partial context information of a session in the form of a small number of queries, we investigate how a search system can effectively predict the documents that a user would have been presented with had he continued the search session by submitting subsequent queries. To address the problem, we propose a model of contextual recommendation that seeks to capture the underlying semantics of information need transitions of a current user’s search context. This model leverages information from a number of past interactions of other users with similar interactions from an existing search log. To identify similar interactions, as a novel contribution, we propose an embedding approach that jointly learns representations of both individual query terms and also those of queries (in their entirety) from a search log data by leveraging session-level containment relationships. Our experiments conducted on a large query log, namely the AOL, demonstrate that using a joint embedding of queries and their terms within our proposed framework of document retrieval outperforms a number of text-only and sequence modeling based baselines.

Noise-Limited Detection in Young and Old Observers

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Speranza ◽  
Giampaolo Moraglia ◽  
Bruce A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Additive Noise ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
A Current ◽  
Two Age Groups

11 young ( M age = 24.3 yr.) and 11 old ( M age = 67.4 yr.) observers attempted to detect signals of limited bandwidth in visual noise. The older observers did not perform as well as the young ones. We considered whether, as suggested by a current hypothesis, these differences could be attributed to higher internal additive noise in the elderly observers. The results suggested that internal noise did not differ across the two age groups and that the lower performance of the older observers stemmed instead from reduced processing efficiency.

The Influence of Olfactory Contexts on the Sequential Rating of Odor Pleasantness

Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori Nakano ◽  
Saho Ayabe-Kanamura
Keyword(s):  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Stimulus Context ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Current Stimulus ◽  
Hedonic Contrast ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
A Current

When we sequentially evaluate the characteristics of sensory stimuli, our evaluation of a current stimulus is influenced by those preceding it. One such effect is called hedonic contrast, whereby stimuli are rated more negatively (negative contrast) or positively (positive contrast) if they are preceded by more or less pleasant stimuli. The present study investigated the characteristics of hedonic contrast for olfaction and compared these characteristics with those of a more oft-studied modality, vision. The results from two experiments indicated that both positive and negative contrasts occurred in the sequential rating of picture pleasantness, whereas only negative contrast occurred for olfactory ratings. Notably, overrating of hedonically negative odors following a positive olfactory context was observed even when participants had already rated these same negative odors beforehand; conversely, this did not occur for positive contrast for either sense. These findings indicate that negative odors are more strongly influenced than positive ones, and the rating of positive stimuli may be adjusted to the preceding rating independent of stimulus context. The findings of this study revealed the unique characteristics of hedonic contrast for the olfactory senses.

An elusive ritual or a weave of adverse environmental conditions? From a research on the issue of a small number of sepulchral objects in the Trzciniec culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Adamik-Proksa ◽  
Jadwiga Stanek-Tarkowska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

Abstract Over the past dozen years or so, there has been a significant increase in the pace of research on the phenomenon of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This is due to a snowballing increase of the source base, which was obtained as part of modern excavations, currently being conducted in a wide spatial scope (research on routes of planned motorways). A number of synthesis publications have also appeared. Coherent periodizations of development of this cultural circle has been worked out for many regions. It should be noted, however, that these are mainly systematics created on the basis of materials originating from settlements. The number of sepulchral discoveries that have been made so far is incomparably smaller than those of settlement-type objects. The problem of the scale of occurrence of cemeteries seems to be very clear, because in some thoroughly researched areas, no single confirmed grave has yet been discovered. The areas of the San, Vistula and Wisłoka river interfluves, the central Warta region and the sandy areas of the Nida Basin can, among others, be considered as such regions. This article is an attempt to address this problem more broadly. It is also a search for possible explanations the indicated irregularity of an absence of grave sites. The work analyses three aspects of this issue: the degree of excavation reconnaisance of the Trzciniec ecumen, environmental conditions and cultural factors. For the purposes of the analyses, a current list of sepulchral sites of the Trzciniec culture in Poland has been created and all relevant information has been collected. Selected aspects have been illustrated with various types of mapping, specific examples from selected Trzciniec culture sites or groups remote territorially or remote in time, chemical analyses of soil for phosphorus content and radiocarbon facts.

Context specificity of conflict frequency-dependent control

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Vietze ◽  
Mike Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Context Specificity ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Conflict Frequency ◽  
A Current ◽  
Processing Selectivity

Interference in the Eriksen flanker task has been shown to be reduced when the (relative) frequency of conflicting stimuli is increased, a modulation thought to reflect a higher degree of processing selectivity under conditions of frequent conflict (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001). Previous studies suggest that stimulus location acts as a contextual cue, resulting in location-specific adjustment of processing selectivity when different locations are associated with differential conflict frequencies (Corballis & Gratton, 2003; Wendt, Kluwe, & Vietze, 2008). In the current study we extend these findings by showing that not only stimulus location but also stimulus colour can be used for context-specific adjustments. These findings suggest that processing selectivity is adjusted in parallel with current stimulus processing, potentially serving to resolve a current conflict rather than to prepare for an upcoming new conflict.

A Current Harmonic Detection Method via Input Observer

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Li ◽  
Di Bin Huang ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Harmonic Detection ◽  
Current Harmonic ◽  
Active Power Filters ◽  
Power Filters ◽  
Error System ◽  
A Current

The current harmonic detection method is an important part in the control of active power filters used in power systems, since inaccuracy in harmonic detection yields to incorrect compensation. In this paper, an input observer for current harmonic detection is proposed. Firstly, a integral unit of the measured current signal is introduced to establish an augment function,then based on the augment system an observer is deduced. By constructing a Lyapunov function, the stabilization of the error system between the augment system and its observer is proved, which means the observed current harmonic approaches their real values. Finally, the proposed method is validated by Matlab simulation.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive subprocesses of working memory performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Lenartowicz ◽  
Holly Truong ◽  
Kristen D. Enriquez ◽  
Julia Webster ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pochon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Goal Maintenance ◽  
Frequency Coupling ◽  
Cross Frequency Coupling

AbstractWorking memory (WM) has been defined as the active maintenance and flexible updating of goal-relevant information in a form that has limited capacity and resists interference. Complex measures of WM recruit multiple subprocesses, making it difficult to isolate specific contributions of putatively independent subsystems. The present study was designed to determine whether neurophysiological indicators of proposed subprocesses of WM predict WM performance. We recruited 200 individuals defined by care-seeking status and measured neural responses using electroencephalography (EEG), while participants performed four WM tasks. We extracted spectral and time-domain EEG features from each task to quantify each of the hypothesized WM subprocesses: maintenance (storage of content), goal maintenance, and updating. We then used EEG measures of each subprocess as predictors of task performance to evaluate their contribution to WM. Significant predictors of WM capacity included contralateral delay activity and frontal theta, features typically associated with maintenance (storage of content) processes. In contrast, significant predictors of reaction time and its variability included contingent negative variation and the P3b, features typically associated with goal maintenance and updating. Broadly, these results suggest two principal dimensions that contribute to WM performance, tonic processes during maintenance contributing to capacity, and phasic processes during stimulus processing that contribute to response speed and variability. The analyses additionally highlight that reliability of features across tasks was greater (and comparable to that of WM performance) for features associated with stimulus processing (P3b and alpha), than with maintenance (gamma, theta and cross-frequency coupling).

Low-Cost and Convenient Microchannel Resistance Biosensing Platform by Directly Translating Biorecognition into a Current Signal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyu He ◽  
Rongbin Nie ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Xuewen Peng ◽  
Xiaohan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
A Current
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