Evidence against a Predictive Role for Rhythm in Speech Perception

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas H. Mens ◽  
Dirk-Jan Povel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Phoneme Monitoring

Some languages create the impression of being stress timed. Claims have been made that this timing of stressed syllables enables the listener to predict the future locations of informative parts later in a sentence. The fact that phoneme monitoring is delayed when targets in a spoken sentence are displaced has been taken as supporting this claim (Meltzer, Martin, Bergfeld Mills, Imhoff and Zohar, 1976). In the present study temporal displacement was induced without introducing phonetic discontinuities. In Dutch sentences a word just in advance of a target-bearing word was replaced by another one differing in length. Results show that the temporal displacement per se did not have any effect on phoneme-monitoring reaction times. Implications for a theory of speech processing are discussed.

scholarly journals Speech perception under the tent: A domain-general predictive role for the cerebellum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy I Skipper ◽  
Daniel R Lamett
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe role of the cerebellum in speech perception remains a mystery. Given its uniform architecture, we tested the hypothesis that it implements a domain-general predictive mechanism whose role in speech processing is determined by connectivity. We used standard and coactivation neuroimaging meta-analyses of speech perception studies without motor responses, with (n = 72) or without (n = 92) cerebellum activity. We compared these to speech production studies (n = 175). Results show multiple, distinct regions of perception- and production-related activity throughout the cerebellum with some overlap. Each task had distinct patterns of cortico-cerebellar connectivity. Perception regions/connections were associated with task-related terms mined from thousands of neuroimaging studies that were neither speech nor domain-specific but were prediction related. Finally, when the cerebellum was active, there was less cortical activity compared to when it was inactive, a marker of predictive processing. Results suggest that the cerebellum implements a domain-general mechanism related to prediction during passive speech perception.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of Caregiver Type, Dependency Level and Time Caring on the Impact of Caring for a Dependent Relative as a Stressor

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Teresa Lanzón Serra ◽  
Amelia Díaz Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

This work presents the evaluation of the stress symptoms associated to the task of caring for a dependent relative at home. The role played by variables such as type of caregiver (nurse/non-nurse), the relative dependency level, the number of hours per day dedicated to caring and the years the caregiver had been caring for the relative was studied. The sample was made up of 100 caregivers, and the variables associated to stress studied in the present work were intrusion, avoidance and activation. Results showed that non-nurse caregivers caring for a low dependency relative for a period of less than two years were those suffering a higher impact, with more symptoms associated to stress. Hours caring per day worked as a protective variable of stress, in that those caregivers dedicating a lower number of hours to caring had lower risk of suffering stress symptoms. These results clearly show the stressful impact of the first stages of dependency, even at the lowest level of dependency in a relative, on non-professional caregivers and highlight the need to provide strategies, similar to those shown by professional nurses looking after their own relatives, to reduce stress. This kind of intervention would prepare the caregiver for the future stages when the dependency level in the relatives and the effort caring for them would be higher.

Abnormal speech perception in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Young-Cho Chung ◽  
Jong-Chul Yang ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim ◽  
Kwang-Yoon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cpt I

Background:The neurobiological mechanism of auditory hallucination (AH) in schizophrenia remains elusive, but AH can be caused by the abnormality in the speech perception system based on the speech perception neural network model.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether schizophrenic patients with AH have the speech processing impairment as compared with schizophrenic patients without AH, and whether the speech perception ability could be improved after AH had subsided.Methods:Twenty-four schizophrenic patients with AH were compared with 25 schizophrenic patients without AH. Narrative speech perception was assessed using a masked speech tracking (MST) task with three levels of superimposed phonetic noise. Sentence repetition task (SRT) and auditory continuous performance task (CPT) were used to assess grammar-dependent verbal working memory and non-language attention, respectively. These tests were measured before and after treatment in both groups.Results:Before treatment, schizophrenic patients with AH showed significant impairments in MST compared with those without AH. There were no significant differences in SRT and CPT correct (CPT-C) rates between both groups, but CPT incorrect (CPT-I) rate showed a significant difference. The low-score CPI-I group showed a significant difference in MST performance between the two groups, while the high-score CPI-I group did not. After treatment (after AH subsided), the hallucinating schizophrenic patients still had significant impairment in MST performance compared with non-hallucinating schizophrenic patients.Conclusions:Our results support the claim that schizophrenic patients with AH are likely to have a disturbance of the speech perception system. Moreover, our data suggest that non-language attention might be a key factor influencing speech perception ability and that speech perception dysfunction might be a trait marker in schizophrenia with AH.

scholarly journals Speech Perception through Face Masks by Children and Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schwarz ◽  
Katrina (Kechun) Li ◽  
Jasper Hong Sim ◽  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth Buchanan-Worster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Visual Obstruction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Processing Language

Face masks can cause speech processing difficulties. However, it is unclear to what extent these difficulties are caused by the visual obstruction of the speaker’s mouth or by changes of the acoustic signal, and whether the effects can be found regardless of semantic context. In the present study, children and adults performed a cued shadowing task online, repeating the last word of English sentences. Target words were embedded in sentence-final position and manipulated visually, acoustically, and by semantic context (cloze probability). First results from 16 children and 16 adults suggest that processing language through face masks leads to slower responses in both groups, but visual, acoustic, and semantic cues all significantly reduce the mask effect. Although children were less proficient in predictive speech processing overall, they were still able to use semantic cues to compensate for face mask effects in a similar fashion to adults.

Implications of the Argument

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale C. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter summarizes the theoretical and practical implications of the trade expectations theory, including the relevance of its logic for the future of US–Chinese relations. It then considers the implications of this approach for international relations theory, focusing on its broader importance for thinking about liberal and realist theories that are not focused on economic interdependence per se. The chapter then turns to an examination of the contemporary US–China relationship. It contends that China's growing dependence on external raw materials and markets along with its expectations for the future are critical to predicting the likely shape of the relationship over the next two or three decades.

Neuromorphic Speech Processing

2010 ◽  
pp. 447-473
Author(s):  
Pedro Gómez-Vilda ◽  
José Manuel Ferrández-Vicente ◽  
Victoria Rodellar-Biarge ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Olalla ◽  
Víctor Nieto-Lluis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Semantic Gap ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Auditory Pathways ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Processing Architecture

Current trends in the search for improvements in well-established technologies imitating human abilities, as speech perception, try to find inspiration in the explanation of certain capabilities hidden in the natural system which are not yet well understood. A typical case is that of speech recognition, where the semantic gap going from spectral time-frequency representations to the symbolic translation into phonemes and words, and the construction of morpho-syntactic and semantic structures find many hidden phenomena not well understood yet. The present chapter is intended to explore some of these facts at a simplifying level under two points of view: that of top-down analysis provided from speech perception, and the symmetric from bottom-up synthesis provided by the biological architecture of auditory pathways. An application-driven design of a Neuromorphic Speech Processing Architecture is presented and its performance analyzed. Simulation details provided by a parallel implementation of the architecture in a supercomputer will be also shown and discussed.

Independent Effects of Error Magnification and Field of View on Compensatory Tracking Performance

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Russell L. Smith ◽  
David R. Garfinkle ◽  
John Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Visual Mode ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Independent Effects

This experiment evaluated the independent effects of error magnification and field of view on compensatory tracking performance. Both display and optical magnification were investigated. In general, the results demonstrated that: (1) the facilitative effect on performance of display magnification was primarily due to the concomitant field of view reduction and not magnification per se; (2) optical magnification facilitated performance but subsequent display gain increases had no further affect; (3) regardless of visual mode employed, optimum performance levels on a complex trajectory converged at approximately the same field of view. In was suggested that increasing the optical gain or decreasing the field of view resulted in subjects reducing their reaction times to target movements. No evidence was found which indicated that magnification facilitated visual perception.

Cortico – (thalamo) – cortical interactions, gamma resonance, and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Hoffman ◽  
Daniel H. Mathalon ◽  
Judith M. Ford ◽  
John H. Krystal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Verbal Thought

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, EEG, and behavioral studies by our group implicate spurious activation of speech perception neurocircuitry in the genesis of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. The neurobiological basis of these abnormalities remains uncertain, however. We review our ongoing studies, which suggest that altered cortical coupling underlies speech processing in schizophrenia and is expressed via disrupted gamma resonances and impaired corollary discharge function of self-generated verbal thought.

scholarly journals Perception of Rhythmic Speech Is Modulated by Focal Bilateral Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Zoefel ◽  
Isobella Allard ◽  
Megha Anil ◽  
Matthew H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Stream Segregation ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Neural Entrainment ◽  
Actual Speech

Several recent studies have used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to demonstrate a causal role of neural oscillatory activity in speech processing. In particular, it has been shown that the ability to understand speech in a multi-speaker scenario or background noise depends on the timing of speech presentation relative to simultaneously applied tACS. However, it is possible that tACS did not change actual speech perception but rather auditory stream segregation. In this study, we tested whether the phase relation between tACS and the rhythm of degraded words, presented in silence, modulates word report accuracy. We found strong evidence for a tACS-induced modulation of speech perception, but only if the stimulation was applied bilaterally using ring electrodes (not for unilateral left hemisphere stimulation with square electrodes). These results were only obtained when data were analyzed using a statistical approach that was identified as optimal in a previous simulation study. The effect was driven by a phasic disruption of word report scores. Our results suggest a causal role of neural entrainment for speech perception and emphasize the importance of optimizing stimulation protocols and statistical approaches for brain stimulation research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document