Between emigration, de-Islamization and the nation-state: Muslim communities in the Balkans today

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Öktem
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Muslim Communities

scholarly journals Mapping Shia Muslim Communities in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafa Shanneik ◽  
Chris Heinhold ◽  
Zahra Ali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the special issue onMapping Shia Muslim Communities in Europe.1 With six empirically rich case studies on Shia Muslim communities in various European countries, this issue intends: first, to illustrate the historical developments and emergence of the Shia presence in Europe; second, to highlight the local particularities of the various Shia communities within each nation state and demonstrate their transnational links; and third, to provide for the first time an empirical comparative study on the increasingly visible presence of Shia communities in Europe that fills an important gap in research on Muslims in Europe.

Islamophobia and the Challenges of Muslims in Contemporary Eropean Union Countries: Case Studies from Austria, Belgium, and Germany

Afkaruna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wildan ◽  
Fatimah Husein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
European Union Member States

In the last two decades, the Muslim population in Western Europe has grown in unprecedented ways. At the broader regional level, there are approximately 25 million Muslims living in European Union member states as of 2016, which is estimated to increase to 35 million by 2050. The arrival of Muslims from various countries in the Middle East, Africa, and the Balkans has brought about significant changes and issues socially, economically, as well as politically. Undeniably, some phenomena of discrimination and Islamophobia arise in almost all EU countries in various aspects of public life such as hijâb clothing, building mosques, and housing. Using a qualitative approach and field research, this article explores not only the historical accounts of the presence of Islam in several EU countries, but also the relations between Islam and the state. This research presents several cases of discrimination and Islamophobia and the internal dynamics within the Muslim communities as to the challenges of living in completely different atmosphere. Three countries, namely Austria, Belgium, and Germany are chosen to represent European Union countries. This study contributes to the discourse on the integration of Muslims in European culture and to the way EU countries could involve Muslims in constructing European Islam.

Patriotic and Pious Muslim Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century China: The Case of Ma Jian

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Haiyun Ma
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Chinese Muslims ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Muslim Communities

The fall of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and the founding of the modern Chinese nation-state brought both opportunities and challenges to Chinese Muslims. No longer having to deal with emperorship and its foundational ideology, Confucianism, they were soon confronted with new state ideological impositions, namely, Han nationalism and socialism, imposed by the Republican and Communist regimes. These new challenges were both threatening and promising, for although the new ideologies were fundamentally antithetic to Islam, the new regimes promised an equal status to Chinese Muslims and saw how they could aid national diplomacy and international relations with Muslim countries. Within this context, China’s Muslim intellectuals tried to reorient and reposition Muslims and Islam by minimizing differences and maximizing commonalities during both the Republican and the Communist regimes. By studying Ma Jian (1906-78), one of modern China’s most influential and representative Muslim intellectuals, as well as his juxtaposition of Islam and China, I look at the way of being a modern Chinese Muslim intellectual in China’s post-1949 internal and international contexts. The Turkic Muslim communities in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China are excluded from this study.

Der Wiener Studentenverein Bar Giora und sein Einfluss auf die Entstehungsgeschichte des Zionismus im kroatischen und südosteuropäischen Raum des Habsburgerreiches

Aschkenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-395
Author(s):  
Martina Bitunjac
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The University ◽  
Student Association

Abstract The establishment of the Bar Giora Zionist student association at the University of Vienna in 1904 was an important factor in the development of Zionism in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. The Verein jüdischer Akademiker aus den südslavischen Ländern (Association of Jewish Alumni from the South Slavic Countries) and its committed members had great influence on the transfer of the idea of a Jewish nation-state to the South Slavic region by creating multicultural supra-regional networks, organising conferences and publishing nationally oriented journals. The young Zionists from the Balkans also faced strong criticism from assimilated Jews. This paper explores the origins of Bar Giora, its self-understanding and its impact, as well as the assimilationist challenges faced by the Zionists.

The Muslim Experience in the Balkan States, 1919–19911

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Minority Populations ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
New States ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Balkan States

During the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire retreated from the Balkans, and underwent a steady decline culminating in its final demise in the early part of the twentieth century. Sizeable communities of Muslims, derived both from those who had arrived with the Ottomans and from indigenous inhabitants who had converted to Islam, remained in the new successor states of southeast Europe. With the exception of Albania, where the Muslims formed the majority of the population, these communities became established as minorities within the new states. Upheld as ethno-national states each based on one dominant nation, the new states suffered from irredentism on the one hand, and internal tension between majority and minority populations on the other. Tension was particularly evident in the relations between the new Orthodox Christian rulers and their Muslim minority populations, which were seen as undesirable relics from the Ottoman past. In spite of such attitudes and the continuing waves of emigration, however, these Muslim communities remain an integral part of the present-day Balkans.

State-Dialogue with Muslim Communities in Italy and Germany - The Political Context and the Legal Frameworks for Dialogue with Islamic Faith Communities in Both Countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christian Jasch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
West Bank And Gaza ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Islamic Faith

Estimates of the number of Muslims in EU Member States vary widely, depending on the methodology and definitions used and the geographical limits imposed. Excluding Turkey and the Balkan-regions, researchers estimate that as many as 13 to 20 million Muslims live in the EU: That is about 3.5 - 4% of the total EU population. Muslims are the largest religious minority in Europe, and Islam is the continent's fastest growing religion. Substantial Muslim populations exist especially in Western European countries, including France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and the Scandinavian Countries. Europe's Muslim populations are ethnically diverse and Muslim immigrants in Europe hail from a variety of Middle Eastern, African, and Asian countries, as well as Turkey. Most Muslim communities have their roots in Western Europe's colonial heritage and immigration policies of the 1950s and 1960s used to counter labor shortages during the period of reconstruction after World War II. These policies attracted large numbers of North Africans, Turks, and Pakistanis. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been influxes of Muslim migrants and political refugees from other regions and countries, including the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

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