How does a diversity climate shape the relationship between demographic diversity and organizational social capital in the U.S. federal government?

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk-Kyoung Moon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Realizing the Performance Benefits of Workforce Diversity in the U.S. Federal Government: The Moderating Role of Diversity Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk-Kyoung Moon ◽  
Robert K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Conventional wisdom in diversity research holds that biodemographic diversity is harmful to performance, whereas job-related diversity is beneficial to performance. Empirical evidence in this area, however, remains mixed and inconclusive. Due to this inconsistency, scholars have recently called for a search for moderators of the relationship between diversity and performance to expand the theoretical perspectives on organizational diversity. In this context, we examine how biodemographic (gender, race, and age) and job-related (function and tenure) diversity influence organizational performance and how diversity climate as a potential moderator shapes the relationships between the two dimensions of diversity and performance. Using panel data from the U.S. federal government, we find that racial and tenure diversity have positive relationships with organizational performance, whereas functional diversity has a negative relationship. Further analysis reveals that a diversity climate positively moderates the relationship between racial diversity, functional diversity, tenure diversity, and organizational performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Neighborhood Firearm Victimization Rates and Social Capital Over Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Victimization Rates

Distribution of firearm victimization is not equal within cities. Victimization can persistently concentrate in a small number of neighborhoods, while others experience very little violence. Theorists have pointed to one possible explanation as the ability of groups to control violence using social capital. Researchers have shown this association at the U.S. county, state, and national levels. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between neighborhood social capital and violence over time. This study uses longitudinal data to ask whether neighborhood social capital both predicts and is influenced by firearm victimization over 3 years in Philadelphia. The results of several regression analyses suggest that trusting others and firearm victimization are inversely related over time. Implications for neighborhood policy planning and social capital as a theoretical framework are discussed.

The relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion in clinicians: A study in four German hospitals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Driller ◽  
Oliver Ommen ◽  
Christoph Kowalski ◽  
Nicole Ernstmann ◽  
Holger Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
The Relationship

Background: About 30% of doctors working in inpatient and outpatient departments suffer from burnout, characterized, for example, by emotional exhaustion. The prevention of burnout constitutes a great challenge for those responsible for the healthcare system. Aims: Research into the relationship between social capital in hospitals and the occurrence of emotional exhaustion in clinicians is still at an early stage. The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of social capital in the workplace on the emotional exhaustion of clinicians. Method: A questionnaire was posted to 2,644 employees working in four German hospitals, and 1,645 responded. Responses from the 277 clinicians (61%) are analyzed here. The questionnaire looked at symptoms of emotional exhaustion and levels of organizational social capital. Results: Logistic regression identified two significant predictors of emotional exhaustion in clinicians: low self-efficacy and subjectively perceived lower levels of social capital in the hospitals where they worked. The model accounted for 26 % of Nagelkerke’s R2. Conclusion: Efforts to create a good working atmosphere, with the readiness to provide mutual support and the pursuit of joint values and objectives within a hospital, may reduce the development of, or even prevent, emotional exhaustion in clinicians.

Interplay between P-O fit, transformational leadership and organizational social capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Raja ◽  
Dave Bouckenooghe ◽  
Fauzia Syed ◽  
Saima Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeUsing social identity theory, the authors hypothesize that transformational leadership (TL) leads to better person-organization fit (P-O fit), which in turn contributes to the emergence of organizational social capital (i.e. OSC). Furthermore, the authors suggest that the relationship between P-O fit and OSC is contingent upon the level of TL. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachField study data were used to test the hypotheses. In total, 336 employees from eight different service sector organizations in Pakistan participated in this study. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsIn support of the hypotheses, the authors found that TL was positively related to both P-O fit and OSC. Also, P-O fit mediated the TL-OSC relationship. Finally, TL moderated the relationship between P-O fit and OSC.Research limitations/implicationsCross-sectional data were collected through self-reports, which raises concerns of reporting bias.Practical implicationsManagers can benefit from the study by focusing on TL as a vehicle for not only achieving change, but also for creating an environment that facilitates better P-O fit and enhanced OSC.Social implicationsThis study provided a rare opportunity to examine the proposed relationships in a developing country. This enhances our insight into the efficacy of theories that have been mainly developed and tested in developed countries.Originality/valuePrevious research hypothesized P-O fit as a mediator between leadership and performance, yet failed to receive support. The current study is unique by demonstrating that TL, as a relational leadership style, contributes to building an important resource (OSC) through the mediating effect of P-O fit.

Does a socially well integrated university have anything to do with faculty retention? A study on Kerman University of Medical Sciences-2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili ◽  
Farzaneh Zolala ◽  
Atefeh Esfandiari ◽  
Reza Dehnavieh ◽  
Mahmood Nekoueimoghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Officials

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the relationship between organizational social capital and retention of faculty members in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Design/methodology/approach – Using a stratified multistage sampling, 120 faculty members were recruited to fill the questionnaire. Findings – There were a direct and positive bilateral (r=0.65) relationship between social capital and retention of faculty members. Originality/value – The university officials and policy makers need to pay closer attention to some issues such as providing welfare facilities, salary and wages, benefits, interests and appreciation for faculty members.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Social Capital and Service Quality in Teaching Hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Farzianpour ◽  
Abass R. Fouroshani ◽  
Reza G. Vahidi ◽  
Mohamad Arab ◽  
Amjad Mohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

Contextualizing the Policy and Pragmatics of Reintegrating Sex Offenders

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

As sanctions for those convicted of sex offenses have increased over recent years, the risk for reoffense presented by social isolation increases. Because most jurisdictions struggle with how best to manage and reintegrate sex offenders, this study analyzes bureaucratic and contextual issues with arranging community-based reintegration programs. Specifically, this qualitative, process-oriented study examines and compares Circles of Support & Accountability (CoSA) programs from the United States (specifically, Vermont) and New Zealand. CoSAs provide support for medium- to high-risk sex offenders as they are released to communities. The programs are compared with regard to their structures, the relationship to Corrections, the role of communities, and core members’ reentry challenges. The implications of each configuration are explored. As most of the existing research on CoSAs is focused on recidivism, and as the U.S. federal government is expanding the use of CoSA, this article fills a void in our understanding of the role that communities can play in reintegrating sexual offenders and how program structures shape reentry.

Inter-organizational social capital as an antecedent of a firm’s knowledge identification capability and external knowledge acquisition

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ortiz ◽  
Mario J. Donate ◽  
Fátima Guadamillas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Organizational Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Identification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Social Capital ◽  
External Knowledge Acquisition

Purpose This paper concentrates on the antecedents of external knowledge acquisition of companies based on their inter-organizational relationships. Specifically, it considers social capital (i.e., the result of a firm’s inter-organizational relationships) as an essential precursor of knowledge identification capabilities and deliberated knowledge acquisition strategies. This study aims to propose that cognitive and relational dimensions of a firm’s inter-organizational social capital are mediating factors of the relationship between structural social capital and knowledge identification capabilities and the relationship between structural social capital and the deliberated acquisition of external knowledge, respectively. The relationship between knowledge identification capability and external knowledge acquisition is also analyzed. Design/methodology/approach This is a cross-sectional quantitative study with a sample of 87 firms from Spanish biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. From an extensive literature review, we developed three hypotheses that were tested using the partial least squares technique and structural equations model. Findings The results only support a mediating effect of cognitive social capital in the relationship between structural social capital and knowledge identification capability and a partial mediation effect of relational social capital in the relationship between structural social capital and knowledge acquisition. In addition, the findings show that firms with more advanced abilities to identify and assess the value of external knowledge will be likely to develop optimal deliberated strategies to acquire effectively such knowledge from its network partners. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study are small sample size and the cross-sectional nature of the study. The study also focuses on only two specific and innovative industries. Practical implications Managers should understand that “good” management of inter-organizational social capital allows the firm to develop dynamic capabilities for the identification and acquisition of valuable knowledge. The results of the study show that managers should concentrate on building knowledge identification capabilities and should also be aware of the possibilities that social capital can provide to a firm to formulate and implement effective strategies for external knowledge acquisition. Originality/value To date, there are relatively few studies focussing on knowledge identification capability and its relationships with the dimensions of a company’s social capital as enablers of external knowledge acquisition. For managers, the identification of valuable knowledge by using inter-organizational relationships and networks is an essential issue, especially in innovative industries characterized by continuous change. Theoretically, this research highlights that social capital contributes to the development of dynamic capabilities, allowing the firm to sense and seize business opportunities based on external knowledge acquisition to achieve competitive advantages.

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