Neighborhood Firearm Victimization Rates and Social Capital Over Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Victimization Rates

Distribution of firearm victimization is not equal within cities. Victimization can persistently concentrate in a small number of neighborhoods, while others experience very little violence. Theorists have pointed to one possible explanation as the ability of groups to control violence using social capital. Researchers have shown this association at the U.S. county, state, and national levels. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between neighborhood social capital and violence over time. This study uses longitudinal data to ask whether neighborhood social capital both predicts and is influenced by firearm victimization over 3 years in Philadelphia. The results of several regression analyses suggest that trusting others and firearm victimization are inversely related over time. Implications for neighborhood policy planning and social capital as a theoretical framework are discussed.

scholarly journals Perceived personal deadlines for late-life preparation across adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Fiona S. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Throughout adulthood, individuals follow personal timetables of deadlines that shape the course of aging. We examine 6-year-longitudinal data of perceived personal deadlines for starting with late-life preparation across adulthood. Findings are based on a sample of 518 adults between 18 and 88 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore changes in personal deadlines for preparation in five domains (i.e., finances, end of life, housing, social connectedness, caregiving) in relation to calendar age, self-rated health, subjective position in life, and sociodemographic variables. Findings suggest that personal deadlines for starting preparatory activities differ depending on calendar age and domain of late-life preparation. Older adults as compared to younger adults are likely to report narrower deadlines for beginning with late-life preparation. Perceived deadlines for late-life preparation were furthermore found to be preponed and slightly dilated over time. Findings suggest that depending on age-graded opportunity structures, individuals flexibly adjust their personal deadlines for late-life preparation.

scholarly journals Social capital, economic growth and well-being

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Sarracino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In the long run economic growth does not improve people's well-being. Traditional theories – adaptation and social comparisons – explain this evidence, but they don't explain what shapes the trend of subjective well-being and its differences across countries. Recent research identified in social capital a plausible candidate to explain the trends of well-being. This dissertation adopts various econometric techniques to explore the relationship over time among social capital, economic growth and subjective well-being. The main conclusion is that social capital is a good predictor of the trend of subjective well-being, both within and across countries. Hence, policies for well-being should aim at preserving and enhancing social capital for the quality of the social environment matters.

scholarly journals Early Development Of The Speech And Gesture System: The Relationship Between Rhythmic Arm Activity And Reduplicated Babble

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chastine Lamoureux
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Simultaneous Process ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The development of the speech-gesture system was examined by evaluating the relationship between rhythmic arm activity (RAA) and reduplicated babble (RB). Using a novel longitudinal observational design, infants were observed in-home weekly, for twelve weeks playing with a rattle (22 to 34 weeks old). Video and audio-recordings were submitted by caregivers via a secure file-sharing service. The design was an effective alternative for longitudinal data collection in infant studies. RAA and RB were positively correlated, and infants exhibited greater amounts of tightly synchronized vocal-manual coordination (VMC) over time. Infant threshold was not a significant predictor of RB or VMC, and babble onset did not significantly predict the frequency or the type of VMC. Trajectory analyses revealed synchronous change across RAA, RB, and VMC. Findings suggest the linkage between RB and RAA is not sequential; but is a simultaneous process representing a moment of re-organization to the maturing speech-gesture system.

scholarly journals The Role of Intergenerational Networks in Students’ School Performance in Two Differentiated Educational Systems: A Comparison of Between- and Within-Individual Estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
Sara Geven ◽  
Herman G. van de Werfhorst
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Student Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In this article, we study the relationship between intergenerational networks in classrooms (i.e., relationships among parents in classrooms, and between parents and their children’s classmates) and students’ grades. Using panel data on complete classroom networks of approximately 3,000 adolescents and their parents in approximately 200 classes in both Germany and the Netherlands, we compare estimates based on between-student differences in intergenerational networks (i.e., between-individual estimates) to estimates based on changes students experience in their intergenerational networks over time (i.e., within-individual estimates). We also examine how the relationship between intergenerational networks and grades is contingent on students’ location in the educational system (i.e., their ability track). When considering between-individual estimates, we find some support for a positive relationship between intergenerational networks and grades. However, we find no robust support when considering within-individual estimates. The findings suggest that between-individual estimates, which most previous research has relied on, may be confounded by unobserved differences across individuals. We find little support for variations in these estimates across ability tracks. We discuss the implications for Coleman’s social capital theory on intergenerational closure.

scholarly journals Research–Policy Dialogues on Migrant Integration in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Han Entzinger ◽  
Peter Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter analyses the relationship between research and policy-making on integration. Drawing on a large, cross-country, empirical research project conducted during 2011–2014 (the DIAMINT project), the chapter considers how research and policy-making in the field of migrant integration have developed over time, and how their relationship functions under the present conditions of strong politicization of the issue in Europe. The authors propose a theoretical framework that distinguishes between three aspects of research–policy dialogues in the domain of immigrant integration: dialogue structures—including the formal and informal arrangements created for the exchange and communication of knowledge and research; knowledge utilization—the cultures and practices of knowledge utilization in policy processes; and taking the perspective of researchers, knowledge production. The chapter considers—first theoretically and then empirically—how the increasing politicization of the issue of integration in Europe can affect the various dimensions of research–policy dialogues in different countries.

scholarly journals FRANCHISOR-FRANCHISEE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY: TIME OF RELATIONSHIP AND PERFORMANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS FERNANDO VAROTTO ◽  
JURACY GOMES PARENTE
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Relationship Duration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Franchise literature disputes how the relationship between franchisors and franchisees develops over time. Traditional lifecycle theory views relationships following an ascendant curve, in which relationship quality and performance strengthen over time. Another perspective better reflects the peculiarities of the franchisor-franchisee relationship, indicating that relationship quality in franchise systems follows a U-shaped curve. There is also limited research on the moderating effect of time on the relationship between relational variables and outcomes. This study sheds light on the influence of relationship duration on relationship quality and financial performance in the franchisee-franchisor relationship. Using a self-report survey from a sample of 342 franchisees, mean and regression analyses are conducted to test relationships. Results confirm the time effect on franchisor-franchisee relationship quality and performance, but the hypothesized shape of relationship phases is only partially confirmed. Moreover, time has a positive moderating effect on the impact of relationship quality on financial performance.

scholarly journals Tax Treatment Of U. S. Companies Participating In The Maquiladora Industry: Recent Developments Involving The Intergovernmental Agreement On Transfer Pricing And Other Issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Isley ◽  
Art Cassill ◽  
Nancy L. Cassill
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The relationship between U.S. companies and Mexican maquiladoras has been evolving for more than thirty years. The original advantages of lower taxes, cheaper labor, quick delivery and special tariff treatments enabled U.S. companies to increase cost-effectiveness and remain competitive worldwide. The arrangement also brought employment opportunities and prosperity to the border region of Mexico. Over time, however, many of the original advantages for both the United States and Mexico have either eroded or disappeared completely. As political and economic changes have occurred, so have changes within the maquiladora industry. In addition, the maquiladoras now face increasing competition from other foreign countries for U.S. business once reserved for the maquiladoras. This paper will examine these issues and the implications of recent changes for both the maquiladora industry and for the U.S. companies who use their services.

scholarly journals Early Development Of The Speech And Gesture System: The Relationship Between Rhythmic Arm Activity And Reduplicated Babble

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chastine Lamoureux
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Simultaneous Process ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The development of the speech-gesture system was examined by evaluating the relationship between rhythmic arm activity (RAA) and reduplicated babble (RB). Using a novel longitudinal observational design, infants were observed in-home weekly, for twelve weeks playing with a rattle (22 to 34 weeks old). Video and audio-recordings were submitted by caregivers via a secure file-sharing service. The design was an effective alternative for longitudinal data collection in infant studies. RAA and RB were positively correlated, and infants exhibited greater amounts of tightly synchronized vocal-manual coordination (VMC) over time. Infant threshold was not a significant predictor of RB or VMC, and babble onset did not significantly predict the frequency or the type of VMC. Trajectory analyses revealed synchronous change across RAA, RB, and VMC. Findings suggest the linkage between RB and RAA is not sequential; but is a simultaneous process representing a moment of re-organization to the maturing speech-gesture system.

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