scholarly journals Experimental Characterisation of Photovoltaic Modules with Cells Connected in Different Configurations to Address Nonuniform Illumination Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damasen Ikwaba Paul
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Nonuniform Illumination ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Illumination Effect ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series ◽  
Total Maximum

Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. PV module 1 is the standard module consisting of 11 solar cells connected in series whereas PV module 2 is a proposed design with 11 cells in three groups and each group consists of different cells in series connections. PV module 3 is also a new design with 11 cells in two groups and each group consists of different cells connected in series. The new PV modules were designed in such a way that the effect of nonuniform illumination should affect a group of cells but not the entire PV module, leading to high power output. The PV modules were tested under three different intensities: uniform, low nonuniform, and high nonuniform illumination. When the PV modules were tested at uniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 1 was higher than that of PV module 2 and PV module 3 by about 7%. However, when the PV modules were tested at low nonuniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 2 was higher than that of PV module 1 and PV module 3 by about 4% and 7%, respectively. This difference increased to about 12% for PV module 3 and 17% for PV module 1 when the modules were tested at high nonuniform illumination. Therefore, the best PV module design in addressing nonuniform illumination effect in solar collectors is PV module 2. In practical situation this implies that manufacturers of PV modules should consider designing modules with groups of cells in series connection instead of all cells being connected in series.

scholarly journals Necessity to Design a Controller for PV Module

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1932-1937
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Power Point

Solar power is future of our planet due to the depletion of non-renewable sources of energy. We all are directly dependent on non-renewable source which will only last for 1 or 2 decades. The PV cell exhibit non linear I-V and P-V characteristics. In this paper it is discussed about the factors which will affect the PV module performance. Some factors will decrease the solar cell performance while some factors will improve the efficiency and increase its output power. The performance characteristics of PV module are modeled mathematically and simulated under different atmospheric conditions. The simulation model is obtained using MATLAB software and stimulated under different values of input parameters of PV module that include irradiance and temperature. The variations of these parameters were recorded under different atmospheric conditions. The input parameters of solar cell like solar irradiance and ambient temperature was evaluated. It observed that the maximum power produced fluctuates with both irradiance and temperature. Since the conversion efficiency of PV array is exceptionally low, it requires maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control techniques. The MPPT is the programmed controlled method used to guide the solar cell to achieve the maximum power output, during minute to minute variations of atmospheric changes like irradiance and temperature. The MPPT controller is used to provide maximum power output from PV module against changes in temperature and irradiance. Results obtain by simulation are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Power dissipation analysis of PV module under partial shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Byunggyu Yu ◽  
Seok-Cheol Ko
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Total Maximum

Photovoltaic (PV) generation has been growing dramatically over the last years and it ranges from small, rooftop-mounted or building integrated systems, to large utility scale power stations. Especially for rooftop-mounted PV system, PV modules are serially connected to match with PV inverter input voltage specification. For serially connected PV system, shading is a problem since the shaded PV module reduces the output whole string of PV modules. The excess power from the unshaded PV module is dissipated in the shaded PV module. In this paper, power dissipation of PV module under partial shading is analyzed with circuit analysis for series connected PV modules. The specific current and voltage operating point of the shaded PV module are analyzed under shading. PSIM simulation tool is used to verify the power dissipation analysis. When there is no bypass diode and three solar modules are connected in series, upto 39.1% of the total maximum PV power is dissipated in the shaded PV module. On the other hand, when the bypass is attached, 0.3% of the total maximum power is generated as a loss in the shaded PV module. The proposed analysis technique of shaded PV module could be used in PV system performance analysis, especially for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance.

A Study on Simulations of the Power Output and Practical Models for Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
H. X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv Modules

With the rapid increase in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems and the popularity of photovoltaic (PV) applications, a simple but accurate model to calculate the power output of PV modules is crucial for evaluating systems. In addition, in the analysis of energy payback, two factors, the power output (maximum power output) model of PV modules and the representative local weather data, affect calculations of the energy savings and the payback time of BIPV systems. Most studies take the efficiency of PV modules as constant when calculating the energy payback time of PV systems, and ignore the influence of solar radiation and temperature on the results of the calculation. This study tries to develop one simple, practical, yet more accurate model for describing the characteristics of the power output of PV modules. It develops a model for describing the I-V characteristics of PV modules according to the equivalent circuits of solar cells, by which an accurate but complicated model of the maximum power output (MPO) can be achieved. Taking this MPO model as a benchmark, two other application models from other studies are evaluated and examined. One simplified application model for describing the maximum power output of PV modules is then derived from the results of the simulation. Once the solar radiation on PV panels and the ambient temperature are known, the power output of BIPV systems or PV systems can be calculated accurately and easily.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Different Technical and Environmental Parameters on the Performance of Photovoltaic Modules

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Radwan H. Abdel Hamid ◽  
Youssef Elidrissi ◽  
Adel Elsamahy ◽  
Mohammed Regragui ◽  
Karim Menoufi
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article presents an evaluation of the performance of PV modules with the variation of some technical and environmental parameters: The PV module tilt angle, and the impact of soiling on the power output of PV module, and the transmittance of the PV glass surfaces. The experiments were achieved in Helwan City (Egypt) at the premises of the Faculty of Engineering of Helwan University. For the soiling part, it comprises two experiments: Transmittance of PV glass surfaces, and the power output of PV modules. For the transmittance experiment, it has been achieved using a simplified method, where three PV glass surfaces were placed at three different tilt angles (0°, 15°, and 30°) and left exposed to the outdoor environment without cleaning for a period of 25 days during the summer season. For the experiment concerning the impact of soiling on the power output, a set of PV modules connected in series have been exposed for a period of 75 days to the outdoor environment without cleaning. Finally, for the PV module tilt angle experiment, another set of PV modules have been used for that purpose, where four different tilt angles were experimented: 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. The present research recommends that more studies are needed in the same context, taking into consideration correlating the technical and environmental parameters in one single experiment and during different times of the year. This would be helpful in having overarching perspective regarding the electrical performance of PV modules under different circumstances of tilt angles and soiling patterns within the area of Helwan (Egypt).

scholarly journals A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Tamas Kerekes ◽  
Dezso Sera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. P. G. Jentjens ◽  
Luke Moseley ◽  
Rosemary H. Waring ◽  
Leslie K. Harding ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Exercise Period

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O2consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O2consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.

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