scholarly journals The Role of Avoidance in Complicated Grief: A Detailed Examination of the Grief-Related Avoidance Questionnaire (GRAQ) in a Large Sample of Individuals with Complicated Grief

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda W. Baker ◽  
Aparna Keshaviah ◽  
Arielle Horenstein ◽  
Elizabeth M. Goetter ◽  
Christine Mauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Large Sample

Website Accessibility and the Role of Accessibility Statements

2010 ◽  
pp. 166-190
Author(s):  
C M Parkinson ◽  
C. W. Olphert
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Extensive Literature Review

This chapter defines accessibility in the broader context of usability and explains the importance of making websites accessible as well as usable. It then focuses on one particular aspect of website accessibility – the accessibility statement, which is a declaration on a website about the accessibility of the site to disabled people and others with accessibility needs. This chapter argues that accessibility statements can play an important part in website accessibility if they are appropriately designed and targeted. Based on an extensive literature review and detailed examination of a large sample of accessibility statements, the chapter presents an overview of current practice and usage, raises and discusses the problematic issues that arise when developing accessibility statements, and provides recommendations for best practice.

scholarly journals Footprints of triggering in large area surveys of the nearby ISM and YSOs

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S237) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
L. Viktor Tóth ◽  
Zoltán T. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Cold Core

AbstractOur goal is to evaluate the role of triggering effects on the star formation and early stellar evolution by presenting a statistically large sample of cloud and low-mass YSO data. We conducted large area surveys (ranging from 400 square-degree to 10800 square-degree) in optical, NIR and FIR. The distribution of the ISM and low-mass YSOs were surveyed. A relative excess was found statistically in the number of dense and cold core bearing clouds and low mass YSOs in the direction of the FIR loop shells indicating a possible excess in their formation.

scholarly journals “I am a Soldier; I Have Never Meddled in Politics and Do Not Meddle Now”: General A. E. Evert and the February Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Sergushkin
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Military Control ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

The article focuses on the role of A. E. Evert, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front, in the events of the February Revolution. Russia's top military leadership took a consolidated position on the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II from the throne, but the unity regarding the fate of the Empire's future was only an appearance. This is made clear through a detailed examination of the decisions made by Evert during the last crucial days for the Russian Empire and of his motives. The author pays particular attention to the period after the emperor’s abdication when, in the political vacuum, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front changed his line of conduct and proposed the bold project of transferring the country's real political power under military control. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientific objectivity, while also using the comparative and historical-genetic methods.  Evert considered the constitutional monarchy with Mikhail Alexandrovich on the throne as a worthy alternative to the forceful suppression of the revolution in the rear, which cannot be said about his view on the Provisional Government and the prospect of elections to the Constituent Assembly during the war. In this regard, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front hoped, with the support of his colleagues, to impose his will on the rebellious capital. However, his project did not receive the necessary support, and his disloyalty to the Provisional Government led to his early resignation.

scholarly journals Supporting bereavement and complicated grief in primary care: a realist review

BJGP Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0008
Author(s):  
Caroline Pearce ◽  
Geoff Wong ◽  
Isla Kuhn ◽  
Stephen Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
Bereavement Care

BackgroundBereavement can have significant impacts on physical and mental health, and a minority of people experience complicated and prolonged grief responses. Primary care is ideally situated to offer bereavement care, yet UK provision remains variable and practitioners feel uncertain how best to support bereaved patients.AimTo identify what works, how, and for whom, in the management of complicated grief (CG) in primary care.Design & settingA review of evidence on the management of CG and bereavement in UK primary care settings.MethodA realist approach was taken that aims to provide causal explanations through the generation and articulation of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes.ResultsForty-two articles were included. Evidence on the primary care management of complicated or prolonged grief was limited. GPs and nurses view bereavement support as part of their role, yet experience uncertainty over the appropriate extent of their involvement. Patients and clinicians often have differing views on the role of primary care in bereavement. Training in bereavement, local systems for reporting deaths, practitioner time, and resources can assist or hinder bereavement care provision. Practitioners find bereavement care can be emotionally challenging. Understanding patients’ needs can encourage a proactive response and help identify appropriate support.ConclusionBereavement care in primary care remains variable and practitioners feel unprepared to provide appropriate bereavement care. Patients at higher risk of complicated or prolonged grief may fail to receive the support they need from primary care. Further research is required to address the potential unmet needs of bereaved patients.

The role of state ownership on earnings quality: evidence across public and private European firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gaio ◽  
Inês Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Sample

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of state ownership on financial reporting quality regarding the characteristics of conservatism and earnings management. Design/methodology/approach Using a large sample of public and private European firms during the period 2003-2010, the authors test the hypotheses following Ball and Shivakumar’s (2005) model for conservatism and the modified Jones (1991) model proposed by Dechow and Sloan (1995) for earnings management. To ensure that the results are robust, the authors conduct sensitivity analysis with regard to potential endogeneity and selection bias. Findings The authors find that state-owned firms are less conservative than non-state-owned firms, which is consistent with the idea that there is less need for accounting conservatism due to government protection. The authors also show that capital markets play an important role in shaping the relation between state ownership and earnings management. Among public firms, the authors find that state-owned firms have higher abnormal accruals and worse accruals quality than non-state-owned firms, which suggests that state-owned firms are not immune to capital market pressures. Research limitations/implications The study has two limitations. First, as state-owned and non-state-owned firms face quite different incentive structures, management behavior might be determined by factors that have yet to be identified. Second, prior research results suggest an inverted U-shape relation between ownership concentration and earnings management (Ding et al., 2007). It would be interesting to investigate the impact of different levels of state ownership on earnings quality. Practical implications As the paper investigates the role of state ownership on earnings quality using a sample of European firms, it brings new insights regarding the role of state ownership in accounting quality and firm performance. In addition, it considers the role of capital markets in the relation between the quality of financial reporting and ownership by considering a sample with both public and private firms. Originality/value The study contributes to the debate about state intervention in the corporate sector, by extending the knowledge of the effects of government ownership on earnings quality by using a large sample of European firms. Furthermore, the authors also introduce the effect of capital market forces on managers’ behavior in state-owned and non-state-owned companies by analyzing private and publicly listed firms.

Business sustainability performance and corporate financial performance: the mediating role of optimal investment

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Poursoleyman ◽  
Gholamreza Mansourfar ◽  
Saeid Homayoun ◽  
Zabihollah Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Corporate Financial Performance ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Mediating Role

PurposeEmploying a large sample consisting of 3,701 corporations domiciled in developed and emerging countries, this paper aims to analyze the mediating role of investment efficiency in the association between business sustainability performance and corporate financial performance.Design/methodology/approachFour different aspects of corporate sustainability offered by the ASSET4 database are used as proxies for business sustainability performance, including economic, corporate governance, social and environmental dimensions. In addition to these aspects, the aggregate measure of business sustainability performance is also employed. In order to test the association between business sustainability and corporate performance via investment efficiency, ordinary least squares, fixed-effect, random-effect and generalized method of moments statistical models were employed.FindingsThe results suggest that business sustainability performance is positively associated with corporate financial performance, indicating that sustainable corporations enjoy higher financial performance. Moreover, Sobel, Aroian and Goodman tests confirm that investment efficiency mediates the positive relationship between business sustainability performance and financial performance. Finally, further analyses show that the positive association between sustainability performance and investment efficiency is stronger for those firms headquartered in developed countries than in those located in emerging nations.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by investigating how growth opportunities advance the influence of business sustainability to corporate financial performance using a large sample from 43 countries.

Migration from plastic packages into their contents. I. The role of mathematical models

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1694) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Plastic Packages

Materials contained in plastic packages can transfer (migrate) into the contents. In some circumstances, such as packages of food, drink or medicine, the consequences of this migration can be unpleasant or even harmful. Many countries, and the European Community, have adopted legal regulations designed to limit the amount of migration. It is shown, partly by discussing one example in some detail, that certain quantitative criteria in such regulations are unsatisfactory. The reasons include ( a ) improper recognition of the importance of package geometry, ( b ) invalid assumptions about a correspondence between concentrations in the contents and mass transfer per unit area of the package-contents interface and ( c ) failure to account, in an adequate manner, for the inevitable variability between nominally identical package systems. The principal theme of the paper is that these faults could have been, and can be, substantially ameliorated by proper use of mathematical models. Common shortcomings in the previous (but very limited) use of mathematics are exposed partly by detailed examination of a recent research paper. The paper discusses the requirements of a successful model and considers the simplest type, namely diffusion equations with diffusion coefficients that are independent of the concentrations of the migrant in either the plastic or the contents. Particular solutions are chosen to illustrate faults in existing legislation and practice, and because they are thought to be good candidates for testing against data. It is argued that future experiments would be more successful and more useful if they were planned and conducted in teams involving mathematicians.

scholarly journals Sporadic sampling, not climatic forcing, drives observed early hominin diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 4891-4896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Maxwell ◽  
Philip J. Hopley ◽  
Paul Upchurch ◽  
Christophe Soligo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Hominin Evolution ◽  
Rock Exposure ◽  
Early Hominin ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Taxic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Estimates

The role of climate change in the origin and diversification of early hominins is hotly debated. Most accounts of early hominin evolution link observed fluctuations in species diversity to directional shifts in climate or periods of intense climatic instability. None of these hypotheses, however, have tested whether observed diversity patterns are distorted by variation in the quality of the hominin fossil record. Here, we present a detailed examination of early hominin diversity dynamics, including both taxic and phylogenetically corrected diversity estimates. Unlike past studies, we compare these estimates to sampling metrics for rock availability (hominin-, primate-, and mammal-bearing formations) and collection effort, to assess the geological and anthropogenic controls on the sampling of the early hominin fossil record. Taxic diversity, primate-bearing formations, and collection effort show strong positive correlations, demonstrating that observed patterns of early hominin taxic diversity can be explained by temporal heterogeneity in fossil sampling rather than genuine evolutionary processes. Peak taxic diversity at 1.9 million years ago (Ma) is a sampling artifact, reflecting merely maximal rock availability and collection effort. In contrast, phylogenetic diversity estimates imply peak diversity at 2.4 Ma and show little relation to sampling metrics. We find that apparent relationships between early hominin diversity and indicators of climatic instability are, in fact, driven largely by variation in suitable rock exposure and collection effort. Our results suggest that significant improvements in the quality of the fossil record are required before the role of climate in hominin evolution can be reliably determined.

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