Secondary Collisions Revisited: Real-World Crash Data and Relationship to Crash Test Criteria

The influence of vehicle deformation on the risks of head injury for the drivers involved in frontal crashes is studied using real world crash data. There are three types of vehicle damage distribution considered in this paper, namely, wide distribution, moderate offset, and small offset. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the head injuries are estimated by logistic regression, controlling for a wide variety of confounders. Results show that occupants' head injuries are highly related to damage distribution. Small offset crash has greatest threat to head injury. Seat belt is effective in all the crash types of concern. This study provides evidences to upgrade existing frontal crash test program and clue to countermeasure development for occupant protection in different crash modes.

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Side-Impact Air Bags in Side Crashes: Not Deploying as Designed? A Review of Real World Crash Data

10.4271/2010-01-1045 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tayseer A. Aldaghlas ◽

Christine Burke ◽

Jeffrey Jenkins ◽

Louis J. Brown ◽

Anne Rizzo

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Side Impact ◽

Crash Data ◽

Air Bags

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The Effect of Vertical Acceleration on Emergency Locking Seatbelt Retractors

10.1115/imece2000-2608 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Steven E. Meyer ◽

Stephen Forrest ◽

Joshua Hayden ◽

Brian Herbst ◽

Anthony Sances

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Crash Test ◽

Vertical Acceleration ◽

Frontal Crash ◽

Occupant Injury ◽

Motor Vehicle Safety ◽

Testing And Evaluation

Abstract Contemporary production seatbelt retractors have been proven very effective in the crash environment for which they have been primarily designed and most adequately tested, that is, in the full frontal crash mode. The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 outlines specific crash test and occupant injury measure requirements for testing and evaluation of seatbelt systems in production vehicles. Automobile manufacturers routinely test exhaustively in compliance of these requirements with respect to full frontal barrier crashes. However, government requirements are not nearly as complete for alternative accident modes often seen in the real world. Offset, angled, override, underride, and rollover crashes will often require seatbelt retractors to manage acceleration pulses in varying directions, including the vertical plane. Occupant motions during these real world accident modes may also impart loads into the belts and belt hardware (webbing and buckle assemblies) that also may not be immediately apparent in the frontal barrier test mode.

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Engineering Analysis of an End-Release Safety Belt Buckle

10.1115/imece2001/bed-23104 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen R. Syson

Keyword(s):

Test Data ◽

Real World ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Crash Test ◽

Engineering Analysis ◽

Sled Test ◽

Safety Belt ◽

Component Test ◽

Patent Literature ◽

Test Sled

Abstract A typical end-release safety belt buckle has been analyzed to determine its failure modes. These failure modes were evaluated based on crash test, sled test and component test data. A verification of the hypothesized failure modes was found in the patent literature. The component tests that were conducted confirmed the hypothetical failure modes and verified that the failures could and would occur in real world collisions as well as testing.

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Injury Severity for Hazard & Risk Analyses:Calculation of ISO 26262 S-parameter Values from Real-World Crash Data

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2019.105321 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 105321

Author(s):

Jonas Krampe ◽

Mirko Junge

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Iso 26262 ◽

Crash Data ◽

Hazard Risk ◽

S Parameter ◽

Parameter Values

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Safety evaluation for roadside crashes by vehicle–object collision simulation

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814018805581 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 168781401880558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kejun Long ◽

Zhibo Gao ◽

Quan Yuan ◽

Wang Xiang ◽

Wei Hao

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Severity Index ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Crash Test ◽

Crash Severity ◽

Roadside Safety ◽

Crash Data ◽

Test Standards

In order to evaluate roadside crash severity and help making decision on roadside safety improvement alternatives, this article proposes a roadside crash severity evaluation method based on vehicle kinematics metric during the crash: Acceleration Severity Index. Based on the field investigation on 1917 km of representative roads, roadside crash test standards and parameters were determined. A total of 59 crash scenarios, involving 5 typical roadside obstacles, 2 types of guardrails, 15 embankment slopes, and 3 types of vehicles (car, bus, and truck), were designed for simulated crash testing with VPG3.2 and LS-DYNA971 software. The x-, y-, and z-direction acceleration (or deceleration) curves of a test vehicle’s center of mass during each crash test were collected for the calculation of the Acceleration Severity Index values. The Fisher optimal partition algorithm was used to cluster the Acceleration Severity Index values to identify an appropriate number of roadside crash severity levels and the corresponding threshold values that demarcate these levels. The results showed that the roadside crash severity classification produced by Acceleration Severity Index–based method is consistent with handbook Guideline for Implementation of Highway Safety Enhancement Project. Therefore, when crash data are missing, crash test could be a feasible surrogate method for roadside crash severity evaluation.

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