Performance of oil palm kernel shell gasification using a medium-scale downdraft gasifier

Oil palm clinker is formed by burning of oil palm kernel shell and fibrous materials in boiler furnace. The clinker is no longer a bio-material that has changed to inert material likes the crushed brick. Large quantities oil palm clinkers have become a waste and caused disposal problem. It requires extra costs for handling, transportation and finding out suitable the dumping site. Research has been conducted to explore the potentiality usage of oil palm clinker as fine and coarse lightweight aggregates at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Mixtures of oil palm clinker concretes were designed, prepared and tested. Mechanical properties of a good mixture of tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage were satisfied the standard engineering codes of practices. Oil palm clicker concrete was found lighter than conventional concrete, which usually weighs between 2240 and 2400 kg m-3. The means of compressive and tensile strengths were found 30.79 and 3.34 N mm-2 respectively. In addition, the mean of modulus of elasticity was 13.024 kNmm-2. Therefore, oil palm clinker aggregate and concrete are recommended to be used in lightweight reinforced concrete structures.

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THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6308 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽

Mostafa Samadi ◽

Mohamed A. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

High Volume ◽

Strength Development ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Different Types ◽

Oil Fuel

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

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COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE OF SYNGAS FROM PALM KERNEL SHELL IN A GAS BURNER

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.13907 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Asmadib Yusoff @ Adnan ◽

Muhammad Roslan Rahim ◽

Mohammad Nazri Mohd. Jaafar ◽

Norazila Othman ◽

Mohd Shuisma Mohd Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Energy Content ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

High Energy ◽

Flame Length ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Downdraft Gasifier ◽

Combustion Performance ◽

Rich Condition ◽

Gas Burner

Insufficient and various environmental issues of fossil fuels as the current world dominated energy is now becoming a serious global issue. The rapidly increasing demand for alternative energy sources has contributed to the steady growth of renewable energy. Owing to the fact of the abundant presence of palm kernel shell (PKS) as one of palm biomass wastes in South East Asia region, this paper investigates syngas produced from gasified PKS. The investigation is regarding its composition and combustion performance in a gas burner system. It covers emissions analysis, temperature profile and flame length. The produced syngas from downdraft gasifier was burned in the combustion chamber in air-rich and fuel-rich combustion conditions. From the experiment, the results showed that the oxidation zone temperature of above 750°C for the downdraft gasifier is suitable for producing syngas. Produced syngas can be classified as pure-carbon monoxide (CO) syngas due to 94.9% CO content with no hydrogen (H2) content and low heating value (LHV) of 10.7 MJ/kg. The wall temperature profiles for burnt syngas produced via downdraft gasification was higher with longer pattern at fuel-rich condition, which signified higher energy of syngas produced from downdraft gasifier compared to fluidised bed gasifier. The associated flame length was also longer at fuel-rich condition. Produced emission of 56 ppm NOX, 37 ppm CO and 1 ppm SO2 can still be considered as acceptable to human. It can be concluded that syngas produced from PKS shown a high potential to serve as an alternative source of energy due to its high energy content.

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Palm oil mill final discharge treatment by a continuous adsorption system using oil palm kernel shell activated carbon produced from two-in-one carbonization activation reactor system

Journal of Water Process Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 101262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Nahrul Hayawin ◽

M.F. Ibrahim ◽

J. Nor Faizah ◽

M. Ropandi ◽

A.A. Astimar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Reactor System ◽

Adsorption System ◽

Continuous Adsorption ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Discharge Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill

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UTILIZATION OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL TO PRESERVE MACKEREL

RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.31788/rjc.2018.1132090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1120-1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Faisal ◽

Asri Gani ◽

Husni

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Liquid Smoke

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Development of New Carbon-Based Electrode Material from Oil Palm Waste-Derived Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Capacitive Performance Evaluation

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2019/1970365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Salisu Nasir ◽

Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽

Zulkarnain Zainal ◽

Nor Azah Yusof

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Graphene Oxides ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxides ◽

Carbon Based

This paper is an expansion of our previous work on the synthesis of graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides from different kinds of oil palm waste-based feedstocks, namely, OPL (oil palm leaf), PKS (palm kernel shell), and EFB (empty fruit bunch). Here, the electrochemical measurements of the resulting reduced graphene oxides derived via mild-temperature annealing reduction of the graphene oxides were accomplished using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge processes. The findings put forward their promising features for supercapacitor applications. For instance, the reduced graphene oxide derived using EFB precursor (rGOEFB) which has a BET surface area of 117 m2 g-1 exhibits a specific capacitance of 688 F g−1 at an applied current density of 0.8 A g-1. This is higher than that observed for reduced graphene oxides derived from oil palm leaf (rGOOPL), palm kernel shell (rGOPKS), and the commercially acquired graphite (rGOCG), which possessed specific capacitance values of 632, 424, and 220 F g−1, respectively. It can be deduced that the specific capacitance of the reduced graphene oxide samples increases in the following order: (rGOCG) < (rGOPKS) < (rGOOPL) < (rGOEFB). In summary, these new classes of carbon-based nanomaterials could be applied as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application with potential good performance. With this novel green and sustainable approach, various carbon-based nanomaterials can be fabricated for a broad range of multifunctional applications.

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