Catatonic Episodes Related to Substance Use: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Electronic Healthcare Records

Abstract Background India is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs. Results The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs. Conclusions The commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

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US-Mexico Border Stress and Daily Substance Use Among Latino Youth: a Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction ◽

10.1007/s11469-021-00730-9 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin R. Brady ◽

Darcy Caldwell ◽

Elizabeth S. Valdez ◽

Allison Huff MacPherson ◽

Melanie L. Bell

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Latino Youth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Us Mexico Border

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Medical students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to substance use in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2017.23.11.734 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 734-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Georges Assaf ◽

Samar Noureddine ◽

Silva Kouyoumdjian ◽

Jamil El Khoury

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Substance use and associated factors and associated factors among preparatory school students in Nekemte town western Ethiopia; school based a cross- sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.19847/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Markos Desalegn Beyene ◽

Robsan Gudeta Getachew ◽

Workineh Diriba Gemechu

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preparatory School ◽

School Based ◽

The World

Abstract Background: Millions of people throughout the world are using substances such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine, marijuana, heroin and many others. Substance use by people in all parts of the world, particularly adolescents, has long been of scientific, political and public concern. Objective: -the main aim of this study was to prevalence of substance use & associated factors among Nekemte preparatory school students in 2019. Methodology:-. School based cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Nekemte preparatory school from March 20-30, 2018. Multistage stratified sampling method was employed to select 372 study participants. Collected data was cleaned and entered in to Epi info version 3.5.3 and transported to SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was done to indentify factors associated with substance use in the study area. Result: The overall prevalence of current substance use was (19.1%). Being male students [AOR, 95%CI; 4.64(2.18, 9.75)], ever encountered pressure from friends to use substances [AOR, 95% CI; 2.61(1.03, 6.63)], having substance user parents [AOR, 95%CI; 6.4(2.87, 14.30)] and having many substance user friends [AOR, 95%CI; 6.2(2.82, 13.75)] were significantly associated with substance use among students in the study area. Conclusion & Recommendation: The current prevalence of substance use among preparatory school students of this study area was low. The most commonly used substances were alcohol, khat and tobacco. Being male students, pear pressure, living with parents use substance & friends were found to affect substance use among Nekemte preparatory school students. Awareness creation sessions; Information, Education &Communication intervention should be intensified to further reduce Substance use among students.

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Depression among Patients with Schizophrenia in Ethiopian Mental Health Hospital: Association with Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2021/6697339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mandaras Tariku ◽

Tilahun Ali ◽

Tadesse Misgana ◽

Mohammedamin Hajure ◽

Henock Asfaw

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Substance Use ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Poor Social Support

Background. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects all individuals throughout their lifetime. Patients with schizophrenia are frequently attacked by depression during their total illness duration. Presence of comorbid depression in schizophrenia makes the patients more deteriorating and disabling course and poor outcome. Aim of the Study. To determine the prevalence of depression and highlight the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with schizophrenia in a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Setting. This study was conducted at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018. Depression was measured by Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia on 455 samples of patient with schizophrenia and systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. Oslo Social Support Scale and Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test were used to assess social support and substance use factors, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis model was performed to control the confounding factors. Odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was determined to evaluate the strength of association. Results. A total of 445 patients responded to the questionnaire, which yields a response rate of 97.8%. The Magnitude of depression among schizophrenia patients was 24.9%. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model showed that being female [AOR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.25-3.18], divorced/widowed [AOR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.04-5.49], current substance use [AOR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.17-3.25], and poor social support [AOR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.35-5.61] were significantly associated with depression in schizophrenia. Conclusion. The magnitude of depression among schizophrenia was 24.9%. Being female, divorced/widowed, current substance use, and poor social support were associated with depression among patients with schizophrenia. Regular screening and prompt management of depressive symptoms among patients with schizophrenia is of particular importance to reduce the burden of the condition.

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Music-based emotion regulation and healthy and unhealthy music use predict coping strategies in adults with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735619854529 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 030573561985452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. Silverman

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adaptive Coping ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Coping

While many people use music for emotion regulation, there is a dearth of empirical inquiry investigating if music-based self-regulatory factors correlate with and predict coping in adults with substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore music-based emotion regulation, healthy and unhealthy music use, and coping strategies in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit via correlational and multiple regression analyses. Participants ( N = 194) completed the Brief Music in Mood Regulation Scale, the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale, and the Brief COPE. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine which music-based emotion regulation factors were related to and predicted coping. There were a plethora of significant relationships between music-based factors and coping. Regression results indicated that solace predicted acceptance and entertainment predicted venting. Healthy music use predicted active coping and humor, while unhealthy music use predicted venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame. Generally, unhealthy music use predicted maladaptive coping while healthy music use predicted adaptive coping. As music use is common for people with SUD, it seems that music-based emotion regulation training may have the possibility to augment adaptive coping skills with the ultimate goal of increasing the likelihood of recovery.

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Contextualizing condoms: a cross-sectional study mapping intersections of locations of sexual contact, partner type, and substance use as contexts for sexual risk behavior among MSM in Peru

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4517-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Colby Passaro ◽

Angelica Castañeda-Huaripata ◽

Williams Gonzales-Saavedra ◽

Susan Chavez-Gomez ◽

Eddy R. Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Anal Intercourse ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Partner Type ◽

Condomless Anal Intercourse

Abstract Background Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) appears to be increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally, and is reported to be as high as 70% in recent studies in Peru. To improve understanding of the evolving context of CAI among MSM in Peru, we studied associations between partner type, substance use, and condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in locations where MSM commonly report having sexual encounters. Methods In a 2017 cross-sectional study of rectal STI screening and HIV prevention, a convenience sample of MSM recruited from community venues in Lima completed a survey of demographic characteristics and sexual risk behavior with their three most recent partners. Generalized estimating equations estimated correlations of CAI with location of last sexual contact, participant substance use prior to sex, and negotiation of condom use before or during sex. The network data integration application, Cytoscape, mapped intersections of partner type, sexual orientation, substance use, and CAI by four types of locations where sex occurred: 1) Home, 2) Hotel, 3) Sauna or Internet Cabin, and 4) Public Spaces. Results Of 447 MSM (median age 27 years), 76.9% reported CAI with ≥1 of their last three partners. Participants reported sex with casual partners most commonly in homes (64.6%) and hotels (60.4%), and with anonymous partners most often in saunas/Internet cabins (57.5%) and public spaces (52.6%). CAI was less commonly reported in hotels (aPR, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.75–0.97) compared to homes. Participants who used marijuana before sex at home were more likely to report CAI than MSM who did not use marijuana (1.36, 1.01–1.92). Partner alcohol use before sex was associated with CAI in saunas/Internet cabins (3.17, 1.45–6.91) and public spaces (2.65, 1.41–4.98). In the sexual network maps, almost all MSM who used drugs prior to their sexual encounters used drugs with more than one of their last three partners. Conclusions CAI was common and associated with different risk factors, like partner type and substance use, based on location where sex occurred. Novel combination HIV, STI, and substance use prevention interventions must consider how the social environments of MSM influence condom use and other sexual risk behaviors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03010020, January 4, 2017.

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