scholarly journals Effect of Reflected Sunlight on Differential Expression of Anthocyanin Synthesis-Related Genes in Young Apple Fruit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Do Van Giap ◽  
Seonae Kim ◽  
Youngsuk Lee ◽  
Hun-Joong Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Young Apple

Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Skin. II. Involvement of Ethylene

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Chalmers ◽  
JD Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Formation ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Ethylene Production Rate

Ethylene production by immature apple fruit was stimulated by cycloheximide application, u.v. irradiation and wounding. After fruit were treated with 1 and 10 �g ml-1 cycloheximide, the rate of ethylene production increased to 2 and 10 times the control level, respectively. In skin discs cut from whole fruit (wounded tissue), the rate of ethylene production was stimulated to at least 40 times that in whole fruit. This wound-stimulated ethylene production was partially inhibited by an initial application of cycloheximide. Ultraviolet irradiation of whole fruit stimulated the rate of ethylene production to more than 25 times the control rate after 15 min irradiation. In skin discs, u.v. irradiation caused only a 50-100% increase in ethylene production rate. The effects of certain treatments on ethylene were quantitatively comparable with the effects of the same treatments on anthocyanin formation in whole fruit. Ethylene at 30 �l 1-1 stimulated anthocyanin in skin of immature apples by 16%. Possible mechanisms by which ethylene may stimulate anthocyanin synthesis are discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on the Enzymic Browning of Apples II. Properties of Apple Polyphenoloxidase

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
JRL Walker
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Enzymic Browning ◽  
Young Apple

The properties of a particulate polyphenoloxidase preparation from young apple fruit have been investigated. Chlorogenic acid, D-catechin, and hydrocaffeic acid were found to be the substrates most rapidly oxidized by this preparation, but its action on a number of other phenolic compounds was also investigated. The inhibition of the oxidation of phenolic compounds by cysteine and other thiol compounds was studied in detail.

HOW CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS AFFECT GROWTH, VASCULAR AND TRANSPIRATION FLOWS IN YOUNG APPLE FRUIT

2012 ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morandi ◽  
P. Losciale ◽  
L. Manfrini ◽  
M. Zibordi ◽  
E. Pierpaoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Young Apple

scholarly journals Light, Temperature, and Sucrose Affect Color, Diameter, and Soluble Solids of Disks of Wax Apple Fruit Skin

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zen-hong Shü ◽  
Cheng-chung Chu ◽  
Lee-juan Hwang ◽  
Ching-shung Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Temperature Levels

A study was conducted to assess the combined effects of light, temperature and sucrose on color, weight, diameter, and soluble solids of the skin of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. & Perry) fruits. Skin disks were cultured in a factorial arrangement of two light levels [dark or light (300 μmol·m-2·s-1)] as subplots and three sucrose concentrations (0%, 3%, or 6%) as sub-subplots within three temperature levels (20, 25, or 30 °C) as whole plot treatments. Weight, diameter, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and anthocyanin content were measured 2 weeks after incubation. Light increased SSC and anthocyanin, but reduced the increase in weight and diameter. Increasing the temperature limited increase in diameter and anthocyanin content. Weight, SSC, and anthocyanin contents increased in a linear fashion with concentration of sucrose in the culture solution. However, none of the three factors played a unique role in anthocyanin synthesis in wax apple. Among the 18 combinations, light/20°C/6% sucrose gave the highest SSC and anthocyanin content, while dark/20°C/6% sucrose produced the largest diameter.

Shading decreases the growth rate of young apple fruit by reducing their phloem import

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunella Morandi ◽  
Marco Zibordi ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Luigi Manfrini ◽  
Emanuele Pierpaoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Young Apple

MYB_SH[AL]QKY[RF] transcription factors MdLUX and MdPCL-like promote anthocyanin accumulation through DNA hypomethylation and MdF3H activation in apple

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Fang Li ◽  
Gai-Xing Ning ◽  
Cun-Wu Zuo ◽  
Ming-Yu Chu ◽  
Shi-Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Fruit Skin

Abstract Heritable DNA methylation is a highly conserved epigenetic mark that is important for many biological processes. In a previous transcriptomic study on the fruit skin pigmentation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. ‘Red Delicious’ (G0) and its four continuous-generation bud sport mutants including ‘Starking Red’ (G1), ‘Starkrimson’ (G2), ‘Campbell Redchief’ (G3) and ‘Vallee spur’ (G4), we identified MYB transcription factors (TFs) MdLUX and MdPCL-like involved in regulating anthocyanin synthesis. However, how these TFs ultimately determine the fruit skin colour traits remain elusive. Here, bioinformatics analysis revealed that MdLUX and MdPCL-like contained a well-conserved motif SH[AL]QKY[RF] in their C-terminal region and were located in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells. Overexpression of MdLUX and MdPCL-like in ‘Golden Delicious’ fruits, ‘Gala’ calli and Arabidopsis thaliana promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin, whereas MdLUX and MdPCL-like suppression inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Red Fuji’ apple fruit skin. Yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that MdLUX and MdPCL-like may bind to the promoter region of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene MdF3H. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that MdLUX and MdPCL-like activated MdF3H. The whole-genome DNA methylation study revealed that the methylation levels of the mCG context at the upstream (i.e., promoter region) of MdLUX and MdPCL-like were inversely correlated with their mRNA levels and anthocyanin accumulation. Hence, the data suggest that MYB_SH[AL]QKY[RF] TFs MdLUX and MdPCL-like promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit skins through the DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions and the activation of the structural flavonoid gene MdF3H.

scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation and Modifies Production of Phenolics and Pigments in `Fuji' Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Rudell ◽  
J.P. Mattheis ◽  
X. Fan ◽  
J.K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Fuji Apple

Effects of artificial ultraviolet-visible light and methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment on `Fuji' apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit peel anthocyanin, phenolic, carotenoid, and chlorophyll production were examined using tristimulus color analysis and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Anthocyanin synthesis was enhanced by light and MJ treatment. Chlorogenic acid and most cyanidin, quercetin, and phloretin glycosides increased with MJ treatment concentration. Light alone also promoted increased production of most of these compounds. Production of catechin, (-)epicatechin, quercetin, and quercetrin was not enhanced by either light or MJ treatment. Light and MJ enhanced ß-carotene and chlorophyll b, synthesis but not xanthophyll or chlorophyll a synthesis. The chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with MJ dosage. Results suggest MJ may provide a viable means of enhancing apple fruit coloration and other photoprotective mechanisms. Chemical name used: methyl 3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-acetate (methyl jasmonate).

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