Effects of light quality on pod elongation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

O caruncho, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), é considerado a praga mais importante do caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., armazenado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Visando minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas químicos sintéticos, o controle dessa praga com óleos de origem vegetal vem se constituindo numa alternativa promissora, de baixo custo e segura para os aplicadores e consumidores. Foram testados os óleos essenciais [(Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) J.F. Watson], Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shauer) e fixos (Helianthus annuus L, Sesamum indicum L, Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max (L.) Merr. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), em grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde. Os óleos foram utilizados nas concentrações 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50mL/20g, correspondendo a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 L/t e impregnados aos grãos no interior de recipientes de plástico, com auxílio de pipetador automático e agitados manualmente durante dois minutos. Parcelas de 20g de caupi foram infestadas com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus, com 0 a 48 h de idade. Cada óleo foi testado, separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. Os óleos essenciais de C. martini, P. aduncum e L. gracillis causaram 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações, P. hispidinervum a partir de 1,5 L/t e Melaleuca sp. nas concentrações de 2,0 e 2,5 L/t. A redução do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos foi de 100% para todos os óleos essenciais, exceto Melaleuca sp. Por outro lado, os óleos fixos, apesar de apresentarem baixa mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, reduziram em praticamente 100% o número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos.

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Effect of Fermentation on the Biochemical Composition of Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Red Bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) Consumed in the City of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1010.068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 578-583

Author(s):

Yao N’zué Benjamin Ehouman Ano Guy Serge ◽

Adingra Kouassi Martial Didier Aka Kouakou Serge Phares ◽

Tano Kablan

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Spontaneous Fermentation ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Red Bean

Legumes are rich in protein. However, they are not consumed much because their consumption poses a problem of digestion due to anti-nutritional factors and consumers have a preference for proteins from livestock. It therefore appears useful to promote them. The means used to enhance them was fermentation. This technique improves the nutritional and biological qualities of legumes. The seeds of red bean (cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) sold in the large market of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire) constituted the biological material of this study. Thus, a spontaneous fermentation of the seeds of these legumes followed by the determination of biochemical parameters was carried out. During spontaneous fermentation, the nutritional value of fermented seed flours was improved by significantly decreasing (P˂0.05) anti-nutritional factors. This reflects the impact of fermentation on improving the organic quality of these legumes. This study revealed that a 24 hour fermentation period is advisable for the population. This time allows keeping a good energy value, an acceptable level of nutrients although the fermentation after 72 hours considerably reduces the anti-nutritional compounds.

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Metabolite Regulation of Phosphenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Legume Root Nodules

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9960413 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 413 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KC Woo ◽

S Xu

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Feedback Inhibition ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ◽

Metabolite Regulation

The effects of metabolic activators and inhibitors on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity were examined at pH 7 in partially purified enzyme from nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC. and Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate, fructose 1,6- bisphosphate and phosphoglycerate stimulated the activity about 2-fold at low (0.5 mM) but not saturating (2.5 mM) PEP concentration. Glc 6-P and fru 6-P were the most effective activators and they increased the affinity of the enzyme for PEP by 2-4-fold. The dicarboxylates, malate, succinate, malonate, 2-oxoglutarate and aspartate inhibited PEPC activity. Malate was the most inhibitory, and strongly inhibited PEPC activity even at saturating PEP concentration. The Ki values for malate were 0.3-0.4 mM for soybean and P. tetragonolobus. However, glc 6-P and fru 6-P alleviated maiate inhibition and increased the Ki values by 11- to 28-fold in these two species. We propose that glc 6-P (fru 6-P) activates PEPC in a feedforward regulation and protects it against feedback inhibition by malate and thus coordinates the supply of photosynthate availability with malate synthesis required by the bacteroids to support symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules.

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First Report of Phomopsis longicolla Infection of Cowpea Pods and Seeds in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.693b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 693-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. W. Roy ◽

S. Ratnayake

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

The Other ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Phomopsis Longicolla ◽

First Report ◽

Black Spots ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Germinating Seeds

Mature cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) pods with scattered, irregular black spots, similar in appearance to those found on mature soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pods infected with Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs, were observed in three fields in Oktibbeha County, MS, in September 1994. In a delayed harvest sample of pods and seeds from one field, a fungus identified as P. longicolla (1) was isolated from more than 60% of surface-disinfested, excised pod disks and from 42% of surface-disinfested seeds. Average frequencies of isolation from seeds harvested at the normal time from the other two fields were 27 and 9%. When surface-disinfested soybean seeds (cv. Avery) were placed along the margins of P. longicolla colonies on potato dextrose agar, the radicals from most germinating seeds became necrotic and many seeds did not germinate. Koch's postulates were completed by reisolating the fungus from diseased tissue. Reference: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985.

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Potencial forrajero de cuatro especies leguminosas en el ciclo de verano en la Comarca Lagunera

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.29312/remexca.v4i5.1166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 659-671

Author(s):

David Guadalupe Reta Sánchez ◽

Patricia Carolina Castellanos Galván ◽

Jesús Olague Ramírez ◽

Héctor Mario Quiroga Garza ◽

J. Santos Serrato Corona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Dolichos Lablab ◽

Glycine Max L

Una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de las dietas para el ganado lechero, es mediante el uso de leguminosas anuales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la composición nutricional y los rendimientos potenciales de materia seca (MS) y nutrientes de cuatro especies leguminosas anuales durante el periodo disponible en el ciclo de verano en la Comarca Lagunera. El experimento se estableció el cinco y ocho de julio de 2005 y 2006, respectivamente, en el Campo Experimental La Laguna del INIFAP localizado en Matamoros, Coahuila, México. Se evaluaron dos genotipos de chícharo de vaca (Vigna unguiculata L.), uno de frijol gandul (Cajanus cajan L.), cuatro de soya (Glycine max L.) y uno de frijol dolichos (Lablab purpureus L.). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se determinó el rendimiento de MS, distribución de MS en la parte aérea y composición química del forraje. Los rendimientos de soya (7 757-9 280 kg ha-1) fueron superiores (p≤ 0.05) a los de chícharo de vaca, frijol gandúl y frijol dolichos (2 200-6 132 kg ha-1). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en soya ‘Hutchinson’ (p≤ 0.05), debido a sus altos rendimientos de MS, energía neta para lactancia (ENl) y proteína cruda (PC) por hectárea, además de su buena composición nutricional, medida en términos de contenidos de PC (228-242 g kg-1), ENl (1.48-1.58 Mcal kg-1 MS) y fibra detergente neutro (318-335 g kg-1). Su baja asignación de MS hacia el tallo y su precocidad propiciaron una mayor proporción de vainas en el forraje (p≤ 0.05) incrementando la composición nutricional durante el ciclo de verano.

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The Interplay between Light Quality and Biostimulant Application Affects the Antioxidant Capacity and Photosynthetic Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 861

Author(s):

Ermenegilda Vitale ◽

Violeta Velikova ◽

Tsonko Tsonev ◽

Ida Ferrandino ◽

Teresa Capriello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Light Quality ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Light Regimes ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Photosynthetic Traits

This paper evaluates the combined effect of biostimulant and light quality on bioactive compound production and seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) plants. Germinated seeds pre-treated with different concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.5%) of an amino acid-based biostimulant were grown for 4 days at the dark (D), white fluorescent light (FL), full-spectrum LED (FS), and red-blue (RB) light. Potential changes in the antioxidant content of sprouts were evaluated. Part of the sprouts was left to grow at FL, FS, and RB light regimes for 24 days to assess modifications in plants’ anatomical and physiological traits during the early developmental plant stage. The seed pre-treatment with all biostimulant concentrations significantly increased sprout antioxidant compounds, sugar, and protein content compared to the control (seeds treated with H2O). The positive effect on bioactive compounds was improved under FS and RB compared to D and FL light regimes. At the seedling stage, 0.05% was the only concentration of biostimulant effective in increasing the specific leaf area (SLA) and photosynthetic efficiency. Compared to FL, the growth under FS and RB light regimes significantly enhanced the beneficial effect of 0.05% on SLA and photosynthesis. This concentration led to leaf thickness increase and shoot/root ratio reduction. Our findings demonstrated that seed pre-treatment with proper biostimulant concentration in combination with specific light regimes during plant development may represent a useful means to modify the bioactive compound amount and leaf structural and photosynthetic traits.

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De Novo Purine Synthesis in Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) and Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.70.1.55 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Craig A. Atkins ◽

Anne Ritchie ◽

Peter B. Rowe ◽

Eric McCairns ◽

Dorit Sauer

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

De Novo ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Purine Synthesis ◽

Glycine Max L

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Influência do período de armazenamento do caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], tratado com óleos essenciais e fixos, no controle de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae)

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542009000100044 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes Pereira ◽

José Vargas de Oliveira ◽

Manoel Guedes Corrêa Gondim Junior ◽

Cláudio Augusto Gomes da Câmara

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Helianthus Annus ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense ◽

Piper Aduncum

Compostos secundários obtidos de plantas podem ser utilizados no controle de Callosobruchus maculatus, como uma tática alternativa potencial aos inseticidas sintéticos. Foram testados óleos essenciais (Cymbopogon martini Roxb., Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shau) e fixos (Helianthus annus L., Sesamum indicum L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max L. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), na concentração de 50µl/20g, de acordo com estudos anteriores. Grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde, foram impregnados com os óleos, em recipientes de vidro e submetidos à agitação manual por dois minutos. Cada parcela de 20g foi infestada com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus com 0 a 48h de idade, durante quatro dias. Os óleos foram avaliados logo após a impregnação e aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento. Na primeira avaliação, todos os óleos essenciais provocaram 100% de mortalidade e para os óleos fixos, a mortalidade variou entre 35% (G. hirsutum) e 67,5% (G. max). Com o prolongamento do período de armazenamento, houve um aumento do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos, exceto para P. aduncum. Em relação aos óleos fixos, S. indicum, G. max, G. hirsutum e C. brasiliense foram os mais eficientes até os 30 dias de armazenamento. Os resultados indicam que os óleos testados na concentração de 50µl/20g apresentam baixo efeito residual, com exceção de P. aduncum, que foi efetivo durante todo o período de armazenamento.

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