Factors associated with discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV among adult population in Ethiopia: analysis on Ethiopian demographic and health survey

To determine Ghanaian pharmacists’ perception of persons living with HIV (PLWHIV), pharmacists and other health care personnel in Ghana completed self-administered questionnaires in 3 separate studies from November 2003 to January 2005. Two of the studies (studies 2 and 3) incorporated 4 simple questions that are generally administered to determine, hypothetically, the degree of discrimination against PLWHIV. Responses to these questions were also analyzed in the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). A nondiscriminatory response to all the indicators reflected an accepting attitude, and a discriminatory response, in at least one indicator, reflected a negative attitude. In study 1, 35% of pharmacists indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 2, only 17% of the pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 3, none of the 10 pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. However, 19% of the totality of health workers did so. Compared to Ghanaians of similar socioeconomic backgrounds, pharmacists tended to report a more perceived discriminatory attitude toward PLWHIV.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With HIV Testing Among Men in Haiti: Results From the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316635247 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1322-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Donaldson F. Conserve ◽

Juliet Iwelunmor ◽

Guy-Lucien Whembolua ◽

Yewande Sofolahan-Oladeinde ◽

Michelle Teti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Survey ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Behavioral Model ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Positive Attitudes

HIV testing serves as the gateway to HIV prevention and treatment. However, research examining men’s HIV testing behaviors in the Caribbean remains limited. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization was used to examine factors associated with HIV testing among 7,354 men who participated in the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Haiti. Few men (35%) reported having ever been tested for HIV. Logistic regression analyses revealed that HIV testing increased with education and wealth. Marital status was associated with HIV testing, with married men more likely to have been tested (adjusted odds ratio: 2.57, 95% CI [2.07, 3.19]) than unmarried men. Positive attitudes toward people living with HIV, indicated by willing to care for a relative who has HIV/AIDS, was also correlated with higher odds of having been tested (adjusted odds ratio: 1.28, 95% CI [1.08, 1.51]). Men who reported condom use during last sex were more likely to have been tested (odds ratio: 1.58, 95% CI [1.33, 1.88). The findings indicate that HIV testing rates remain low among men in Haiti and more efforts are needed to increase HIV testing among men who are not married, have low level of education, and engage in unprotected sex.

Download Full-text

Association between HIV knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV in Afghanistan: findings from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihz013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 440-446

Author(s):

Qais Alemi ◽

Carl Stempel

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevention ◽

Health Survey ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Family Members ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Close Family

Abstract Background Afghanistan has witnessed a dramatic increase in HIV infections. Public health officials have responded with campaigns to educate the public about HIV prevention and transmission. We examine the association between HIV prevention and transmission knowledge and stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Afghanistan. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data (n=11 930) from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of accurate HIV knowledge related to safer sex and local misconceptions about the virus’s transmission (e.g. mosquitos and witchcraft) on two stigma outcomes, namely, stigma towards public others with HIV (teachers and food vendors) and stigma towards close family members with HIV. Results Stigmatizing attitudes were highly prevalent and HIV knowledge varied widely. Multivariate analyses show that correct knowledge related to local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission is significantly associated with lower stigma towards public others (ΔR2adjusted=0.07); however, knowledge had little and contradictory influence in the model predicting stigma towards close family members with HIV (ΔR2adjusted=0.005). Conclusions These findings suggest that it would be worthwhile designing interventions that dispel local misconceptions about HIV. This may be helpful in reducing stigma towards PLHIV in public positions but not towards family members, which calls for alternative strategies for reducing HIV-related stigma.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among Bangladeshi adults and associated factors: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey, 2017-18

10.1101/2021.01.26.21250519 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rakibul M. Islam ◽

Md. Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

John C. Oldroyd ◽

Juwel Rana ◽

Dianna J. Magliago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nationally Representative

AbstractAimTo estimate the age-standardised prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, and to identify factors associated with these conditions at individual, household, and community levels.MethodsData from 11, 952 Bangladeshi adults aged 18+ available from the most recent nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 were used. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose samples were taken as part of the survey. Prevalence estimates of diabetes and prediabetes were age-standardised with direct standarisation, and risk factors were identified using multilevel mix-effects Poisson regression models with robust variance.ResultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of diabetes was 12.8% (95%CI 11.2-14.3) (men: 12.8%, women: 12.7%), and prediabetes was 14.0% (95%CI 12.6-15.4) (men: 12.1%, women: 16.5%). Among people with diabetes, 61.5% were unaware that they had the condition. 35.2% were taking treatment regularly and only 30.4% of them had controlled diabetes. Factors associated with an increased prevalence of having diabetes were increasing age, male, overweight/obesity, hypertension, being in the highest wealth quintile and living in the Dhaka division. Compared with normal weight and currently unemployed, individuals who were underweight or currently employed were less likely to develop diabetes.ConclusionDiabetes and prediabetes affect a substantial proportion (over one-quarter) of the Bangladeshi adult population. Continuing surveillance and effective prevention and control measures, with a particular focus on obesity reduction and hypertension management, are urgently needed.

Download Full-text

Social and individual factors associated with condom use among single youths: an analysis of the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000055 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Jean-Robert Mburano Rwenge ◽

Franklin Bouba Djourdebbe ◽

Emmanuel Ekambi Ekambi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Condom Use ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Health Survey ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Main Risk Factor ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Service Sectors

Abstract In Cameroon, two-fifths of the population is between the age of 15 and 24. Adolescents and youths are an important social group for the development of the country and the realization of the demographic dividend. The promotion of sexual and reproductive health will enable youth to transform their potential into development. This study aimed to identify the determinants of condom use at last sexual intercourse among single youths, highlight gender differences in the factors associated with condom use and identify the characteristics of youths who were less likely to use condoms. Data were taken from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample comprised 1464 single females and 989 single males age 15–24. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Overall, 51% of the female and 66% of the male youths reported using condoms at last sexual intercourse. For both sexes, the protective factor was not having children. Among the females, belonging to the Bamileke or Mbo ethnic groups and delaying first sexual intercourse were also protective, while working in the modern or service sectors was the main risk factor. Among male youths, residing in households whose heads had a higher educational level was protective and household poverty was the main risk factor. These findings support Cameroon’s multi-sectoral approach to HIV/AIDS prevention among youths, and emphasize the importance of involving parents, teachers and youths in prevention strategies.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with overweight/obesity in a cohort of people living with HIV over 50 years of age

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2021.1935438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Maria Mazzitelli ◽

Branca Isabel Pereira ◽

Graeme Moyle ◽

David Asboe ◽

Anton Pozniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression in People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing ART and Factors Associated with it

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2014/7725.4927 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M.S. Bhatia

Keyword(s):

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea: insights from a nationwide demographic and health survey

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽

Louis Kobina Dadzie ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

New Guinea ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background This study sought to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea. Methods The study was conducted among 14 653 women aged 15–49 y using data from the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variable was barriers to accessing healthcare. Descriptive and multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results Women aged 15–19 y were more likely to experience at least one barrier compared with those aged 40–49 y (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.48; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.86). Women with secondary/higher education (AOR=0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81), women in the richest wealth quintile (AOR=0.36; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.46) and those in the least disadvantaged socioeconomic status (AOR=0.46; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.64) had lower odds of having challenges with at least one barrier to healthcare. However, living in rural areas increased the odds of facing at least one barrier to healthcare (AOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.77). Conclusions This study has demonstrated that both individual and contextual factors are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility among women in Papua New Guinea. To enhance the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 3.1, 3.7 and 3.8, it is critical to deem these factors necessary and reinforce prevailing policies to tackle barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea.

Download Full-text