scholarly journals Association between HIV knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV in Afghanistan: findings from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Qais Alemi ◽  
Carl Stempel
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Close Family

Abstract Background Afghanistan has witnessed a dramatic increase in HIV infections. Public health officials have responded with campaigns to educate the public about HIV prevention and transmission. We examine the association between HIV prevention and transmission knowledge and stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Afghanistan. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data (n=11 930) from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of accurate HIV knowledge related to safer sex and local misconceptions about the virus’s transmission (e.g. mosquitos and witchcraft) on two stigma outcomes, namely, stigma towards public others with HIV (teachers and food vendors) and stigma towards close family members with HIV. Results Stigmatizing attitudes were highly prevalent and HIV knowledge varied widely. Multivariate analyses show that correct knowledge related to local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission is significantly associated with lower stigma towards public others (ΔR2adjusted=0.07); however, knowledge had little and contradictory influence in the model predicting stigma towards close family members with HIV (ΔR2adjusted=0.005). Conclusions These findings suggest that it would be worthwhile designing interventions that dispel local misconceptions about HIV. This may be helpful in reducing stigma towards PLHIV in public positions but not towards family members, which calls for alternative strategies for reducing HIV-related stigma.

scholarly journals HIV Community-Level Stigmatizing Attitudes in Tanzania: Perspectives from Antenatal Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Saumya Sao ◽  
Brandon A Knettel ◽  
Godfrey A Kisigo ◽  
Elizabeth T Knippler ◽  
Haika Osaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: Stigma significantly impacts retention in HIV care and quality of life among people living with HIV. This study explored community-level HIV stigma from the perspective of patients and healthcare workers in antenatal care (ANC) in Moshi, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 32 women (20 living with HIV), key-informant interviews with 7 ANC clinic employees, and two focus group discussions with 13 community health workers. Results: Themes emerged related to drivers and manifestations of stigma, resilience to stigmatizing attitudes, and opportunities to address stigma in ANC. Drivers of stigma included a fear of infection through social contact and associations of HIV with physical weakness (e.g., death, sickness) and immoral behaviour (e.g., sexual promiscuity). Manifestations included gossip, physical and social isolation, and changes in intimate relationships. At the same time, participants identified people who were resilient to stigmatizing attitudes, most notably individuals who worked in healthcare, family members with relevant life experiences, and some supportive male partners. Conclusion/Recommendations: Supportive family members, partners, and healthcare workers can serve as role models for stigma-resilient behaviour through communication platforms and peer programs in ANC. Manifestations of HIV stigma show clear links to constructs of sexuality, gender, and masculinity, which may be particularly impactful during pregnancy care. The persistence of stigma emphasizes the need for innovation in addressing stigmatizing attitudes in the community. Campaigns and policies should go beyond dispelling myths about HIV transmission and immorality to innovate peer-led and couples-based stigma reduction programming in the ANC space

scholarly journals Male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men aged 15–59 years living in the highest HIV prevalence region of Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Kura Edossa ◽  
Abonesh Taye Kumsa ◽  
Mamo Nigatu Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Pieces of evidence showed that the Gambella region of Ethiopia has remained HIV hotspot area for successive years. However, the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its associated factors are not well studied in this region. Hence, the aim of the current study is to assess the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men in the region using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Method Data on 868 sexually active men residing in the Gambella region were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and health Survey. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were respectively used to summarize descriptive data and measure the statistical associations. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence intervals were respectively used to measure statistical associations between variables and their statistical significances. Results The current study revealed that the overall prevalence of male circumcision uptake in the Gambella region was 61.2% (95% CI: 57.96,64.44). The results of multivariable logistic regression revealed that being Muslim (AOR = 9.54, 95% CI: 6.765.13.88), being Orthodox Christian (AOR = 8.5, 95%CI: 5.00–14.45), being from Poor household (AOR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.22), being from medium-income household (AOR = .33, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.73), listening to radio (AOR = .29, 95%CI: .16, .54), having comprehensive HIV knowledge (AOR = .44, 95%CI: .27, .71) and ever been tested for HIV (AOR = .27, 95%CI: .16,.46) were independently associated with male circumcision uptake. Conclusion Despite all efforts made by different stakeholders to promote the provision of male circumcision in the Gambella region, its magnitude of uptake is still unacceptably low. The federal HIV prevention and Control Office and other stakeholders working on HIV prevention and control should give due emphasis to promoting HIV-related knowledge through community-based education and through religious leaders. Integrating and streamlining HIV-related education in the academic curricula, and expanding mass media coverage should also be given due consideration by the federal government and other stakeholders. The stakeholders should also give emphasis to strengthening and empowering poor sexually active men residing in the Gambella region.

scholarly journals Independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge of HIV in general population: findings from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16)

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kyaw Lwin Show ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽  
Khin Thet Wai ◽  
San Hone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Background: Myanmar has the third highest number of people living with HIV in Southeast Asia behind Indonesia and Thailand. The independent predictors of comprehensive HIV knowledge among general population are not known. Methods: In this nationally representative study, we adopted a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16). We included all women and men aged 15-49 years who participated in the survey. We have provided weighted estimates as the analyses were weighted for the multi-stage sampling design. We used modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates model to identify independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge. Results: Of 17,622 analyzed, 3,599 (20.4%, 95% CI: 19.7, 21.1) had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Late adolescents, those with less than a high school education, those involved in agriculture and the poorest two quintiles were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Conclusion: In Myanmar, comprehensive knowledge of HIV among the general population needs to be improved and we identified certain independent predictors that could be specifically targeted by the national programme.

Ghanaian Pharmacists’ Perception of People Living With HIV and AIDS (PLWHIV)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Thelma Kwabea Owusu-Daaku ◽  
Geraldine Buanya-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

To determine Ghanaian pharmacists’ perception of persons living with HIV (PLWHIV), pharmacists and other health care personnel in Ghana completed self-administered questionnaires in 3 separate studies from November 2003 to January 2005. Two of the studies (studies 2 and 3) incorporated 4 simple questions that are generally administered to determine, hypothetically, the degree of discrimination against PLWHIV. Responses to these questions were also analyzed in the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). A nondiscriminatory response to all the indicators reflected an accepting attitude, and a discriminatory response, in at least one indicator, reflected a negative attitude. In study 1, 35% of pharmacists indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 2, only 17% of the pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. In study 3, none of the 10 pharmacists sampled indicated an accepting attitude toward PLWHIV. However, 19% of the totality of health workers did so. Compared to Ghanaians of similar socioeconomic backgrounds, pharmacists tended to report a more perceived discriminatory attitude toward PLWHIV.

scholarly journals A QUESTION MODULE FOR ASSESSING COMMUNITY STIGMA TOWARDS HIV IN RURAL INDIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROL VLASSOFF ◽  
MITCHELL G. WEISS ◽  
SHOBHA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Rural India ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis paper describes a simple question module to assess community stigma in rural India. Fear of stigma is known to prevent people from seeking HIV testing and to contribute to further disease transmission, yet relatively little attention has been paid to community stigma and ways of measuring it. The module, based on a vignette of a fictional HIV-positive woman, was administered to 494 married women and 186 unmarried male and female adolescents in a village in rural Maharashtra, India. To consider the usefulness of the question module, a series of hypotheses were developed based on the correlations found in other studies between HIV-related stigma and socio-demographic characteristics (age, education, discussion of HIV with others, knowing someone living with HIV, knowledge about its transmission and whether respondents acknowledged stigmatizing attitudes as their own or attributed them to others). Many of the study's hypotheses were confirmed. Among married women, correlates of stigma included older age, lack of discussion of HIV and lack of knowledge about transmission; among adolescents, lower education and lack of discussion of HIV were the most significant correlates. The paper concludes that the question module is a useful tool for investigating the impact of interventions to reduce stigma and augment social support for people living with HIV in rural India.

scholarly journals Independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge of HIV in general population: findings from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16)

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kyaw Lwin Show ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽  
Khin Thet Wai ◽  
San Hone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Background: Myanmar has the third highest number of people living with HIV in Southeast Asia behind Indonesia and Thailand. The independent predictors of comprehensive HIV knowledge among general population are not known. Methods: In this nationally representative study, we adopted a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16). We included all women and men aged 15-49 years who participated in the survey. We have provided weighted estimates as the analyses were weighted for the multi-stage sampling design. We used modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates model to identify independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge. Results: Of 17,622 analyzed, 3,599 (20.4%, 95% CI: 19.7, 21.1) had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Late adolescents, those with less than a high school education, those involved in agriculture and the poorest two quintiles were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Conclusion: In Myanmar, comprehensive knowledge of HIV among the general population needs to be improved and we identified certain independent predictors that could be specifically targeted by the national programme.

scholarly journals Stigma, gay men and biomedical prevention: the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing HIV prevention landscape

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brown ◽  
William Leonard ◽  
Anthony Lyons ◽  
Jennifer Power ◽  
Dirk Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Improvements in biomedical technologies, combined with changing social attitudes to sexual minorities, provide new opportunities for HIV prevention among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM). The potential of these new biomedical technologies (biotechnologies) to reduce HIV transmission and the impact of HIV among GMSM will depend, in part, on the degree to which they challenge prejudicial attitudes, practices and stigma directed against gay men and people living with HIV (PLHIV). At the structural level, stigma regarding gay men and HIV can influence the scale-up of new biotechnologies and negatively affect GMSM’s access to and use of these technologies. At the personal level, stigma can affect individual gay men’s sense of value and confidence as they negotiate serodiscordant relationships or access services. This paper argues that maximising the benefits of new biomedical technologies depends on reducing stigma directed at sexual minorities and people living with HIV and promoting positive social changes towards and within GMSM communities. HIV research, policy and programs will need to invest in: (1) responding to structural and institutional stigma; (2) health promotion and health services that recognise and work to address the impact of stigma on GMSM’s incorporation of new HIV prevention biotechnologies; (3) enhanced mobilisation and participation of GMSM and PLHIV in new approaches to HIV prevention; and (4) expanded approaches to research and evaluation in stigma reduction and its relationship with HIV prevention. The HIV response must become bolder in resourcing, designing and evaluating programs that interact with and influence stigma at multiple levels, including structural-level stigma.

Getting the right message: a content analysis and application of the health literacy INDEX tool to online HIV resources in Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corie Gray ◽  
Gemma Crawford ◽  
Roanna Lobo ◽  
Bruce Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Average Score ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract Health literacy is considered by some as a determinant of health. Research suggests that different levels of health literacy may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and behaviour, including willingness to test. This study assessed the health literacy demands of existing Australia HIV prevention resources available online using a health literacy assessment and content analysis. Two reviewers assessed 66 resources using the Health Literacy INDEX. Sixty-one (92%) scored below 50%, with an average score of 35.5%. A coding frame was developed to conduct a content analysis of the resources excluding videos, multiple webpages and booklets (n = 52). We coded for six categories of knowledge: HIV knowledge (100% of resources), transmission (96%), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge (88%), testing (87%), consequence of infection (85%) and prevention (77%). We found that resources required a reading grade above grade 8, and very few resources considered audience appropriateness. There were missed opportunities to encourage HIV prevention or testing. Some resources used incorrect language to refer towards people living with HIV, and transmission and prevention messages were often inconsistent. Guidelines for developing HIV prevention resources are warranted to improve health literacy, accessibility and appropriateness of resources and ensure consistent messages and framing of HIV risk.

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