COVID-19 and the cutting of college athletic teams

The Relative Age Effect has been the subject of study by researchers who seek to understand sports performance. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of relative age effect (RAE) in basketball players, verifying whether early-birth players and the features of the place they inserted affect probable recruitment for athletic teams. The sample was comprised 1,455 players within 9 and 19-year-old. Variables included birth semester, gender, sports category, number of recruitments, geographical region. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. The results found that early-birth players had a better chance to be recruited for state athletic teams u13 than late-birth ones. Players u15 and u17 had similar chances. Further, u13 and u15 players linked to the northern region for Brazil and in cities with very high Human Development Index (HDI) and medium-sized cities had a better recruitment chance for state team. Results may be employed by coaches, recruiters and headhunters, since variables associated to RAE may affect the state team and players´ performance throughout the process of sports formation. Removing the influence of relative age-related differences is predicted to improve the accuracy of identifying skilled players. Resumen. El efecto de la edad relativa (RAE) ha sido objeto de estudio por parte de investigadores que buscan comprender el desempeño en el deporte. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el predominio del efecto de la edad relativa (RAE) en jugadores de baloncesto, verificando si los jugadores de nacimiento temprano y las características del lugar donde estaban insertos inciden en el probable reclutamiento para equipos deportivos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.455 jugadores de entre 9 y 19 años. Las variables incluyeron semestre de nacimiento, género, categoría deportiva, número de reclutamientos, región geográfica. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y modelo de regresión logística binaria. Los resultados encontrados demostraron que los jugadores de nacimiento temprano tenían mayores posibilidades de ser reclutados para equipos atléticos estatales sub13 que los de nacimiento tardío. Los jugadores sub15 y sub17 tuvieron oportunidades similares. Además, los jugadores sub13 y sub15 vinculados a la región norte de Brasil y en ciudades com alto Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) y ciudades medianas, tuvieron mayores oportunidades de ser reclutados para el equipo estatal. Los resultados pueden ser empleados por entrenadores, reclutadores y cazatalentos, ya que las variables asociadas al RAE pueden afectar el desempeño del equipo estatal y de los jugadores a lo largo del proceso de formación deportiva. Se prevé que al eliminar la influencia de las diferencias relativas relacionadas con la edad mejorará la precisión en la identificación de jugadores habilidosos.

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Homonegativism Experienced by Lesbian Collegiate Athletes

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.6.2.141 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 141-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Vikki Krane

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Feminine Gender ◽

Traditional Gender Roles ◽

Athletic Teams

This study is an examination of homonegativism in sport as described by lesbian collegiate athletes. These athletes (N = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews about their athletic experiences. Analysis of the homonegtive experiences of these athletes revealed three mechanisms inherent in homonegativism in sport. These were (a) discomfort with females who do not conform with the traditional feminine gender-role, (b) application of the lesbian label, and (c) distancing from the lesbian label. Female athletes perceived to act in a manner contrary to traditional gender-roles are labeled as lesbians. Through this labeling society reinforces traditional gender-roles and, ultimately, protects male dominance in sport. Many of the labels heard by the athletes reflected stereotypical beliefs about lesbians. The athletes described many situations where coaches and administrators attempted to promote or preserve a feminine image within their athletic teams and programs. The disempowering aspects of homonegativism also were revealed as lesbian athletes felt powerless to challenge homonegativism in sport.

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EFFECT OF A COMPETITIVE SEASON ON THE BODY COMPOSITION OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198202000-00024 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

G. O. Johnson ◽

W. G. Thorland ◽

T. Housh ◽

G. D. Tharp ◽

M. Refsell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

The Body ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Athletic Teams

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Gaining Entry with Athletic Personnel for Season-Long Consulting

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2.3.243 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 243-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Kenneth Ravizza

Keyword(s):

Sport Psychology ◽

Research Data ◽

Team Dynamics ◽

Barriers To Entry ◽

Communication Support ◽

Athletic Teams ◽

Term Basis ◽

Applied Sport Psychology

Consulting issues that confront applied sport psychology personnel in gaining entry to working with athletic teams on a long-term basis are discussed. Barriers to entry are examined at the onset and it is emphasized that these obstacles must be overcome by all consultants. Strategies for overcoming such barriers include establishing respect and trust of key athletic personnel, gaining the head coach’s respect, knowing the sport, becoming knowledgeable of the coach’s orientation and team dynamics, gaining support at all levels of the organization, clarifying services to be provided, and making presentations to coaching staffs and athletes. Additional guidelines are discussed in an effort to better clarify the role of the applied sport psychology consultant. These include clarifying one’s own consulting needs, maintaining confidentiality, the need for open and honest communication, support demonstrated by coaches, and collecting research data while consulting.

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Student Perceptions of the Importance of Athletic Teams in Creating Soft Skills: The Case of Rodeo

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v8i4.13678 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Ben Walker ◽

Joey Mehlhorn ◽

Sandy Mehlhorn ◽

Rachna Tewari ◽

Philip Smartt

Keyword(s):

Student Perceptions ◽

Time Management ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Full Time ◽

Student Athlete ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Grade Point ◽

University Of Tennessee ◽

Athletic Teams ◽

The University

Being a collegiate student athlete is known to be more difficult and hindering on grade point averages then being the typical full-time student. However, it is also thought that being a part of a team can help improve communication skills and thus, assist in receiving a job or simply be more organized in life’s day to day activities. This study surveyed alumni and current members of the University of Tennessee at Martin Rodeo Team on their views of how being a student athlete affected their college experience. In this survey, 77 participants were asked questions about the social, academic, and athletic views on being a student athlete at the University of Tennessee at Martin. Another extension to this survey is to show the positive and/or negative effects athletic teams bring a university. This survey questioned athletes on why they chose the university and if they if they perceived being part of the team helped them succeed in future careers. The study gave insight on how student athletes experience college and how universities can help improve the student athlete experience. The study revealed that rodeo had a positive impact on student time management skills and ability to work with others. Results show that a majority of survey participants had a positive and valuable experience being a student athlete at the University of Tennessee at Martin.

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Mind, body, or spirit? An exploration of customer motivations to purchase university licensed merchandise

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-08-2011-0069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 71-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joan M. Phillips ◽

Robert I. Roundtree ◽

DaeHyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Religious Affiliation ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Academic Programs ◽

Purchase Decision ◽

Athletic Programs ◽

Content Type ◽

Athletic Teams ◽

Licensed Merchandise ◽

The Usa ◽

The University

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between consumers’ purchase motivations to show support for university programs and the influence of merchandise quality cues on their purchase decision, and examine how one's affiliation with a university (official or non-official) moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – This research utilized a mail survey of university bookstore customers from the USA and Canada. The university, located in the USA, has an international reputation for its academic programs, its athletic teams, and its religious affiliation. Findings – Our findings demonstrate the significance of athletic programs over academic programs and religious values in motivating purchases of licensed university merchandise. Research limitations/implications – These findings have significant implications for several stakeholders in the business of retailing licensed merchandise. In particular, university licensors and their bookstore retailers may consider managing their inventory of licensed products to reflect the greater relative importance athletic teams have in the purchase decision process. Originality/value – This paper adds to our understanding of customer motivations to purchase university licensed merchandise, and the conditions when merchandise quality is a key decision driver.

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The Sexist Naming of Collegiate Athletic Teams and Resistance to Change

Journal of Sport and Social Issues ◽

10.1177/019372359301700105 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Stanley Eitzen ◽

Maxine Baca Zinn

Keyword(s):

Resistance To Change ◽

Athletic Teams

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Predictors of Amotivation in Nine NCAA Division II College Athletic Teams

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000476477.57033.e7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Mindy H. Mayol ◽

Koby Orris ◽

Jill Cain ◽

Brianna Scott ◽

K. Lee Everett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ncaa Division Ii ◽

Athletic Teams ◽

Division Ii

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Competitive Orientations among Intercollegiate Athletes: Is Winning the Only Thing?

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2.3.212 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Diane L. Gill ◽

David A. Dzewaltowski

Keyword(s):

Goal Orientation ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Work And Family ◽

Division I ◽

Well Performance ◽

Achievement Orientation ◽

Intercollegiate Athletes ◽

Exploratory Investigation ◽

Athletic Teams ◽

Main Effects

In this exploratory investigation of competitive orientations, intercollegiate athletes from a highly competitive Division I program and nonathletes from the same university completed Gill’s Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) which assesses competitiveness, win and goal orientation; Vealey’s Competitive Orientation Inventory (COI) which assesses the relative importance of performing well (performance) and winning (outcome) in competitive sports; and Helmreich and Spence’s Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire (WOFO), a general achievement orientation measure. A Gender × Athlete/Nonathlete MANOVA yielded both gender and athlete/nonathlete main effects and no interaction. The gender difference was most evident for competitiveness scores, with males scoring higher than females on competitiveness and win orientation. Athletes scored higher than nonathletes on most measures, but especially so on the sport-specific competitiveness score. Athletes also placed more emphasis on performance and less on outcome than nonathletes did. A secondary analysis compared the eight athletic teams and revealed considerable variation among teams. Generally the team differences were not gender differences but seemed to reflect the competitive structure of the activity.

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